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    Acid Base Powerpoint

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    Acid Base Powerpoint

    Uploaded by

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    139 views10 pages

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    acid base powerpoint

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    139 views10 pages

    Acid Base Powerpoint

    Uploaded by

    api-241764779

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Acid Base Equilibrium

    Made by: Bryanna W, Kathleen S, Enxhi F, and Aidan L

    Just the Basics


    An acid is a proton (H+) donors and bases are proton acceptors.

    A strong acid completely dissociates in water while weak acids only partially dissociate HCl(aq)+ H2O(l) H3O+(aq)+ Cl-(aq)

    This reaction goes to completion a there is no HCl left in solution, proving that HCl is a strong acid

    Just the Basics Continued


    There are generally only two strong basics to consider: the hydroxide and the oxide ion all other common bases are weak a weak base also establishes an equilibrium system Conjugate acid-base pairs: differ by only a single H+ Ex: Ammonia (NH3) and Ammonium ion (NH4+)

    To predict on which side equilibrium will lie, this general rule applies

    The equilibrium will favor the side in which the weaker

    The Dissociation Constant Ka

    Strong acids completely dissociate in water Weak acids partially dissociate and establish an equilibrium system When the equilibrium constant is associated with dissociation it is called acid dissociation constant. The greater the amount of dissociation is, the larger the K value is.

    Kw - Water Dissociation Constant


    Water is amphoteric (acts as a water or a base, depending on where it is placed). Pure water exhibits the same amphoteric nature, however. Water dissociation constant, Kw, takes the form: Kw = [H+][OH-]= 1.0X10-14 at 25oC The concentration of water is a constant and is incorporated as such into Kw . The numerical value of this is true for the product of the [H+] and [OH-].

    pH
    Because the concentration of the hydronium ion, H3O+, can vary tremendously in solutions of acids and bases, a scale to easily represent the acidity of a solution was developed. It is called the pH scale and is related to H3O+

    pH= -log[H30+] OR -log[H+] EX: pH= -log[H30+] = -log[1.0x10-7] = -(-7.00) = 7.00

    this is the pH of water. On a pH scale (0-14) water is 7 and is neutral

    pH Continued
    A solution whose [H30+]
    is greater than in pure water will have a pH less than 7.00 is called acidic. A solution whose [H30+] is less than pure water and has a pH greater than 7.00 is called basic pOH= -log[OH-]

    Kb - Base Dissociation Constant


    Kb = [HB+][OH-]/[HB] The same reasoning that was used in dealing with weak acids is also true here. The Ka and Kb of conjugate acid-base pairs are related through the Kw expression: Kw = Ka x Kb

    Acidic/Basic Properties of Salts


    Cation From Anion From Solution

    Strong Base

    Strong Acid

    Neutral

    Strong Base

    Weak Acid

    Basic

    Weak Base

    Strong Acid

    Acidic

    Weak Base

    Weak Acid

    Must be determined by comparing K values

    The End!
    Try a sample problem: CALCULATE the [H+] of a 0.300 M acetic acid solution. Ka =1.8x10-5 HC2H3O2(aq) H+(aq) + C2H3O2- (aq) 0.300-x Ka = [H+][C2H3O2]/[HC2H302 = 1.8X10-5 = (X)(X)/(0.300-X) = 1.8X10-5 X = [H+] = 2.3x10-3 M

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