Wiki 222

Wiki
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the type of website. For the article about Wikipedia, see Wikipedia. For other
uses, seeWiki (disambiguation).
"WikiNode" redirects here. For the WikiNode of Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:WikiNode.

Interview with Ward Cunningham, inventor of the wiki
A wiki (
i
/wki/ WIK-ee) is a web application which allows people to add, modify, or delete
content in collaboration with others. In a typical wiki, text is written using a simplified markup
language or a rich-text editor.
[1][2]
While a wiki is a type of content management system, it differs
from a blog or most other such systems in that the content is created without any defined owner
or leader, and wikis have little implicit structure, allowing structure to emerge according to the
needs of the users.
[2]

The encyclopedia project Wikipedia is the most popular wiki on the public web in terms of page
views,
[3]
but there are many sites running many different kinds of wiki software. Wikis can serve
many different purposes both public and private, including knowledge
management, notetaking, community websites and intranets. Some permit control over different
functions (levels of access). For example, editing rights may permit changing, adding or
removing material. Others may permit access without enforcing access control. Other rules may
also be imposed to organize content.
Ward Cunningham, the developer of the first wiki software, WikiWikiWeb, originally described it
as "the simplest online database that could possibly work".
[4]
"Wiki" (pronounced [witi] or [viti]) is
a Hawaiian word meaning "fast" or "quick".
[5][6]

Contents
[hide]
1 Characteristics
o 1.1 Editing wiki pages
o 1.2 Navigation
o 1.3 Linking and creating pages
o 1.4 Searching
2 History
3 Implementations
4 Trust and security
o 4.1 Controlling changes
o 4.2 Trustworthiness
o 4.3 Security
4.3.1 Potential malware vector
5 Communities
o 5.1 Applications
o 5.2 WikiNodes
o 5.3 Participants
o 5.4 Growth factors
6 Conferences
7 Rules
8 Legal environment
9 See also
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
Characteristics

Ward Cunningham, inventor of the wiki
Ward Cunningham and co-author Bo Leuf, in their book The Wiki Way: Quick Collaboration on
the Web, described the essence of the Wiki concept as follows:
[citation needed]

A wiki invites all users to edit any page or to create new pages
within the wiki Web site, using only a plain-vanilla Web browser
without any extra add-ons.
Wiki promotes meaningful topic associations between different
pages by making page link creation almost intuitively easy and
showing whether an intended target page exists or not.
A wiki is not a carefully crafted site for casual visitors. Instead, it
seeks to involve the visitor in an ongoing process of creation and
collaboration that constantly changes the Web site landscape.
A wiki enables communities to write documents collaboratively, using a simple markup language
and a web browser. A single page in a wiki website is referred to as a "wiki page", while the
entire collection of pages, which are usually well interconnected by hyperlinks, is "the wiki". A
wiki is essentially a database for creating, browsing, and searching through information. A wiki
allows non-linear, evolving, complex and networked text, argument and interaction.
[7]

A defining characteristic of wiki technology is the ease with which pages can be created and
updated. Generally, there is no review before modifications are accepted. Many wikis are open to
alteration by the general public without requiring registration of user accounts. Many edits can be
made in real-time and appear almost instantly online. This can facilitate abuse of the system.
Private wiki servers require user authentication to edit pages, and sometimes even to read them.
Maged N. Kamel Boulos, Cito Maramba and Steve Wheeler write that the open wikis produce a
process of Social Darwinism. "'Unfit' sentences and sections are ruthlessly culled, edited and
replaced if they are not considered 'fit', which hopefully results in the evolution of a higher quality
and more relevant page. Whilst such openness may invite 'vandalism' and the posting of untrue
information, this same openness also makes it possible to rapidly correct or restore a 'quality'
wiki page."
[8]

Editing wiki pages
Some wikis have an "edit" button or link directly on the page being viewed, if the user has
permission to edit the page. This leads to an editing page which allows participants to structure
and format wiki pages with a simplified markup language, sometimes known as wikitext (for
example, starting a line of text with an asterisk often sets up a bulleted list). The style and syntax
of wikitexts can vary greatly among wiki implementations,
[example needed]
some of which also
allow HTML tags. Wikis favour plain-text editing, with fewer and simpler conventions than HTML,
for indicating style and structure. Although limiting access to HTML and Cascading Style
Sheets (CSS) of wikis limits user ability to alter the structure and formatting of wiki content, there
are some benefits. Limited access to CSS promotes consistency in the look and feel, and
having JavaScript disabled prevents a user from implementing code that may limit other users'
access.
MediaWiki syntax Equivalent HTML Rendered output
"Take some more
[[tea]]," the March
Hare said to Alice,
very earnestly.

"I've had '''nothing'''
yet," Alice replied in
an offended tone, "so I
can't take more."

"You mean you can't
take ''less''?" said
the Hatter. "It's very
easy to take ''more''
than nothing."
"Take some more <a
href="/wiki/Tea"
title="Tea">tea</a>," the March
Hare said to Alice, very
earnestly.

"I've had nothing
yet," Alice replied in an
offended tone, "so I can't take
more."

"You mean you can't take
less?" said the Hatter.
"It's very easy to take
more than nothing."
"Take some more tea,"
the March Hare said to
Alice, very earnestly.
"I've had nothing yet,"
Alice replied in an
offended tone, "so I can't
take more."
"You mean you can't
take less?" said the
Hatter. "It's very easy to
take more than nothing."
Wikis can make WYSIWYG editing available to users, usually by means of JavaScript or
an ActiveX control that translates graphically entered formatting instructions into the
corresponding HTML tags or wikitext. In those implementations, the markup of a newly edited,
marked-up version of the page is generated and submitted to the server transparently, shielding
the user from this technical detail. However, WYSIWYG controls do not always provide all of the
features available in wikitext, and some users prefer not to use a WYSIWYG editor. Hence, many
of these sites offer some means to edit the wikitext directly.
Some wikis keep a record of changes made to wiki pages; often, every version of the page is
stored. This means that authors can revert to an older version of the page, should it be
necessary because a mistake has been made or the page has been vandalized. Many
implementations, like MediaWiki, allow users to supply an edit summary when they edit a page;
this is a short piece of text summarising the changes. It is not inserted into the article, but is
stored along with that revision of the page, allowing users to explain what has been done and
why; this is similar to a log message when making changes to a revision-control system.
Navigation
Within the text of most pages there are usually a large number of hypertext links to other pages.
This form of non-linear navigation is more "native" to wiki than structured/formalized navigation
schemes. That said, users can also create any number of index or table-of-contents pages, with
hierarchical categorization or whatever form of organization they like. These may be challenging
to maintain by hand, as multiple authors create and delete pages in an ad hoc manner. Wikis can
provide one or more ways to categorize or tag pages to support the maintenance of such index
pages.
Some wikis have a backlink feature, which displays all pages that link to a given page. It is typical
in a wiki to create links to pages that do not yet exist, as a way to invite others to share what they
know about a subject new to the wiki.
Linking and creating pages
Links are created using a specific syntax, the so-called "link pattern" (also see CURIE).
Originally, most wikis
[citation needed]
used CamelCase to name pages and create links. These are
produced by capitalizing words in a phrase and removing the spaces between them (the word
"CamelCase" is itself an example). While CamelCase makes linking very easy, it also leads to
links which are written in a form that deviates from the standard spelling. To link to a page with a
single-word title, one must abnormally capitalize one of the letters in the word (e.g. "WiKi" instead
of "Wiki"). CamelCase-based wikis are instantly recognizable because they have many links with
names such as "TableOfContents" and "BeginnerQuestions." It is possible for a wiki to render the
visible anchor of such links "pretty" by reinserting spaces, and possibly also reverting to lower
case. However, this reprocessing of the link to improve the readability of the anchor is limited by
the loss of capitalization information caused by CamelCase reversal. For example,
"RichardWagner" should be rendered as "Richard Wagner", whereas "PopularMusic" should be
rendered as "popular music". There is no easy way to determine which capital letters should
remain capitalized. As a result, many wikis now have "free linking" using brackets, and some
disable CamelCase by default.
Searching
Most wikis offer at least a title search, and sometimes a full-text search. The scalability of the
search depends on whether the wiki engine uses a database. Some wikis, such as PmWiki,
use flat files.
[9]
MediaWiki's first versions used flat files, but it was rewritten by Lee Daniel
Crocker in the early 2000s to be a database application. Indexed database access is necessary
for high speed searches on large wikis. Alternatively, externalsearch engines such as Google
Search can sometimes be used on wikis with limited searching functions in order to obtain more
precise results.
History
Main article: History of wikis

Wiki Wiki Shuttle at Honolulu International Airport
WikiWikiWeb was the first wiki.
[10]
Ward Cunningham started developing WikiWikiWeb in
Portland, Oregon, in 1994, and installed it on the Internet domain c2.com on March 25, 1995. It
was named by Cunningham, who remembered a Honolulu International Airport counter
employee telling him to take the "Wiki Wiki Shuttle" bus that runs between the airport's terminals.
According to Cunningham, "I chose wiki-wiki as an alliterative substitute for 'quick' and thereby
avoided naming this stuff quick-web."
[11][12]

Cunningham was in part inspired by Apple's HyperCard, which he had used before but which
was single-user.
[13]
Apple had designed a system allowing users to create virtual "card stacks"
supporting links among the various cards. Cunningham developed Vannevar Bush's ideas by
allowing users to "comment on and change one another's text."
[1][14]
Cunningham says his goals
were to link together the experiences of multiple people to create a new literature to document
programming patterns, and to harness people's natural desire to talk and tell stories with a
technology that would feel comfortable to those not used to "authoring".
[13]

Wikipedia became the most famous wiki site, entering the top ten most popular websites in 2007.
In the early 2000s, wikis were increasingly adopted in enterprise as collaborative software.
Common uses included project communication, intranets, and documentation, initially for
technical users. Some companies use wikis as their only collaborative software and as a
replacement for static intranets, and some schools and universities use wikis to enhance group
learning. There may be greater use of wikis behind firewalls than on the public Internet. On
March 15, 2007, the word wiki was listed in the online Oxford English Dictionary.
[15]

Implementations
Wiki software is a type of collaborative software that runs a wiki system, allowing web pages to
be created and edited using a common web browser. It may be implemented as a series of
scripts behind an existing web server, or as a standalone application server that runs on one or
more web servers. The content is stored in a file system, and changes to the content are stored
in a relational database management system. A commonly implemented software package
is MediaWiki, which runs Wikipedia. See the List of wiki software for further information.
Alternatively, personal wikis run as a standalone application on a single computer. WikidPad is
an example. Or even single local HTML file with JavaScript inside like TiddlyWiki.
Wikis can also be created on a "wiki farm", where the server side software is implemented by the
wiki farm owner. PBwiki, Socialtext, Wetpaint, and Wikia are popular examples of such services.
Some wiki farms can also make private, password-protected wikis. Note that free wiki farms
generally contain advertising on every page. For more information, see Comparison of wiki
farms.
Trust and security
Controlling changes
"Recent changes" redirects here. For the Wikipedia help page, see Help:Recent changes.

History comparison reports highlight the changes between two revisions of a page.
Wikis are generally designed with the philosophy of making it easy to correct mistakes, rather
than making it difficult to make them. Thus, while wikis are very open, they provide a means to
verify the validity of recent additions to the body of pages. The most prominent, on almost every
wiki, is the "Recent Changes" pagea specific list numbering recent edits, or a list of edits made
within a given time frame.
[16]
Some wikis can filter the list to remove minor edits and edits made
by automatic importing scripts ("bots").
[17]

From the change log, other functions are accessible in most wikis: therevision history shows
previous page versions and the diff feature highlights the changes between two revisions. Using
the revision history, an editor can view and restore a previous version of the article. The diff
feature can be used to decide whether or not this is necessary. A regular wiki user can view the
diff of an edit listed on the "Recent Changes" page and, if it is an unacceptable edit, consult the
history, restoring a previous revision; this process is more or less streamlined, depending on the
wiki software used.
[18]

In case unacceptable edits are missed on the "recent changes" page, some wiki engines provide
additional content control. It can be monitored to ensure that a page, or a set of pages, keeps its
quality. A person willing to maintain pages will be warned of modifications to the pages, allowing
him or her to verify the validity of new editions quickly.
[19]
A watchlist is a common
implementation of this.
Some wikis also implement "patrolled revisions", in which editors with the requisite credentials
can mark some edits as not vandalism. A "flagged revisions" system can prevent edits from
going live until they have been reviewed.
[20]

Trustworthiness
Critics of publicly editable wiki systems argue that these systems could be easily tampered with,
while proponents argue that the community of users can catch malicious content and correct
it.
[1]
Lars Aronsson, a data systems specialist, summarizes the controversy as follows:
Most people, when they first learn about the wiki concept, assume that a Web site that can be
edited by anybody would soon be rendered useless by destructive input. It sounds like offering
free spray cans next to a grey concrete wall. The only likely outcome would be ugly graffiti and
simple tagging, and many artistic efforts would not be long lived. Still, it seems to work very
well.
[10]

High editorial standards in medicine have led to the idea of expert-moderated wikis.
[21]
Some
wikis allow one to link to specific versions of articles, which has been useful to the scientific
community, in that expert peer reviewers could analyse articles, improve them and provide links
to the trusted version of that article.
[22]

Noveck points out that "participants are accredited by members of the wiki community, who have
a vested interest in preserving the quality of the work product, on the basis of their ongoing
participation." On controversial topics that have been subject to disruptive editing, a wiki may
restrict editing to registered users.
[23]

Security
The open philosophy of wiki allowing anyone to edit content, does not ensure that every
editor's intentions are well-mannered. For example, vandalism (changing wiki content to
something offensive or nonsensical) can be a major problem. On larger wiki sites, such as those
run by the Wikimedia Foundation, vandalism can go unnoticed for some period of time. Wikis,
because of their open access nature, are susceptible to intentional disruption, known as "trolling".
Wikis tend to take a soft-security
[24][unreliable source]
approach to the problem of vandalism; making
damage easy to undo rather than attempting to prevent damage. Larger wikis often employ
sophisticated methods, such as bots that automatically identify and revert vandalism and
JavaScript enhancements that show characters that have been added in each edit. In this way
vandalism can be limited to just "minor vandalism" or "sneaky vandalism", where the characters
added/eliminated are so few that bots do not identify them and users do not pay much attention
to them.

The amount of vandalism a wiki receives depends on how open the wiki is. For instance, some
wikis allow unregistered users, identified by their IP addresses, to edit content, whilst others limit
this function to just registered users. Most wikis allow anonymous editing without an
account,
[26]
but give registered users additional editing functions; on most wikis, becoming a
registered user is a short and simple process. Some wikis require an additional waiting period
before gaining access to certain tools. For example, on the English Wikipedia, registered users
can rename pages only if their account is at least four days old. Other wikis such as
thePortuguese Wikipedia use an editing requirement instead of a time requirement, granting
extra tools after the user has made a certain number of edits to prove their trustworthiness and
usefulness as an editor. Vandalism of Wikipedia is common (though policed and usually
reverted) because it is extremely open, allowing anyone with a computer and Internet access to
edit it, but making it grow rapidly. In contrast, Citizendium requires an editor's real name and
short autobiography, affecting the growth of the wiki but sometimes helping stop vandalism.
Edit wars can also occur as users repetitively revert a page to the version they favor. Some wiki
software allows an administrator to stop such edit wars by locking a page from further editing
until a decision has been made on what version of the page would be most appropriate.
[7]

Some wikis are in a better position than others to control behavior due to governance structures
existing outside the wiki. For instance, a college teacher can create incentives for students to
behave themselves on a class wiki they administer, by limiting editing to logged-in users and
pointing out that all contributions can be traced back to the contributors. Bad behavior can then
be dealt with in accordance with university policies.
[9]

Potential malware vector
Malware can also be problem, as users can add links to sites hosting malicious code. For
example, a German Wikipedia article about the Blaster Worm was edited to include a hyperlink to
a malicious website. Users of vulnerable Microsoft Windows systems who followed the link would
be infected.
[7]
A countermeasure is the use of software that prevents users from saving an edit
that contains a link to a site listed on a blacklist of malware sites.
[27]

Communities

It has been suggested that City wiki be merged into this section. (Discuss)Proposed
since May 2014.
Applications
The English Wikipedia has the largest user base among wikis on the World Wide Web
[28]
and
ranks in the top 10 among all Web sites in terms of traffic.
[29][needs update]
Other large wikis include
the WikiWikiWeb, Memory Alpha, Wikivoyage and Susning.nu, a Swedish-language knowledge
base. Medical and health-related wiki examples include Ganfyd, an online collaborative medical
reference that is edited by medical professionals and invited non-medical experts.
[8]

Many wiki communities are private, particularly within enterprises. They are often used
as internal documentationfor in-house systems and applications. Some companies use wikis to
allow customers to help produce software documentation.
[30]
A study of corporate wiki users
found that they could be divided into "synthesizers" and "adders" of content. Synthesizers'
frequency of contribution was affected more by their impact on other wiki users, while adders'
contribution frequency was affected more by being able to accomplish their immediate work.
[31]
In
2005, the Gartner Group, noting the increasing popularity of wikis, estimated that they would
become mainstream collaboration tools in at least 50% of companies by 2009.
[32][needs update]
Wikis
can be used forproject management.
[33][34][unreliable source]

Wikis have also been used in the academic community for sharing and dissemination of
information across institutional and international boundaries.
[35]
In those settings, they have been
found useful for collaboration ongrant writing, strategic planning, departmental documentation,
and committee work.
[36]
In the mid-2000s, the increasing trend amongst industries toward
collaboration was placing a heavier impetus upon educators to make students proficient in
collaborative work, inspiring even greater interest in wikis being used in the classroom.
[7]

Wikis have found some use within the legal profession, and within government. Examples
include the Central Intelligence Agency's Intellipedia, designed to share and collect intelligence,
dKospedia, which was used by theAmerican Civil Liberties Union to assist with review of
documents pertaining to internment of detainees inGuantnamo Bay;
[37]
and the wiki of
the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, used to post court rules and allow
practitioners to comment and ask questions. The United States Patent and Trademark
Office operates Peer-to-Patent, a wiki to allow the public to collaborate on finding prior
art relevant to examination of pending patent applications. Queens, New York has used a wiki to
allow citizens to collaborate on the design and planning of a local park. Cornell Law
School founded a wiki-based legal dictionary called Wex, whose growth has been hampered by
restrictions on who can edit.
[23]

WikiNodes
WikiNodes are pages on wikis that describe related wikis. They are usually organized as
neighbors and delegates. A neighbor wiki is simply a wiki that may discuss similar content or may
otherwise be of interest. Adelegate wiki is a wiki that agrees to have certain content delegated to
that wiki.
[38]

One way of finding a wiki on a specific subject is to follow the wiki-node network from wiki to wiki;
another is to take a Wiki "bus tour", for example: Wikipedia's Tour Bus Stop.
Participants
The four basic types of users who participate in wikis are reader, author, wiki administrator and
system administrator. The system administrator is responsible for installation and maintenance of
the wiki engine and the container web server. The wiki administrator maintains wiki content and
is provided additional functions pertaining to pages (e.g. page protection and deletion), and can
adjust users' access rights by, for instance, blocking them from editing.
[39]

Growth factors
A study of several hundred wikis showed that a relatively high number of administrators for a
given content size is likely to reduce growth;
[40]
that access controls restricting editing to
registered users tends to reduce growth; that a lack of such access controls tends to fuel new
user registration; and that higher administration ratios (i.e. admins/user) have no significant effect
on content or population growth.
[41]

Conferences
Conferences and meetings about wikis in general include:
The International Symposium on Wikis (WikiSym),
a conference dedicated to wiki research and practice in general.
RecentChangesCamp, an unconference on wiki-related topics
Conferences on specific wiki sites and applications include:
Atlassian Summit, an annual conference for users
of Atlassian software, including Confluence
[42]

RegioWikiCamp, a semi-annual unconference on "regiowikis", or
wikis on cities and other geographic areas.
[43]

SMWCon, a bi-annual conference for users and developers
of Semantic MediaWiki.
[44]

TikiFest, a frequently held meeting for users and developers of Tiki
Wiki CMS Groupware.
[45]

Wikimania, an annual conference dedicated to the research and
practice of Wikimedia Foundation projects like Wikipedia.
Rules
Wikis typically have a set of rules governing user behavior. Wikipedia, for instance, has a
labyrinthine set of policies and guidelines summed up in its five pillars: Wikipedia is an
encyclopedia; Wikipedia has a neutral point of view; Wikipedia is free content; Wikipedians
should interact in a respectful and civil manner; and Wikipedia does not have firm rules. Many
wikis have adopted a set of commandments. For instance, Conservapediacommands, among
other things, that its editors use "B.C." rather than "B.C.E." when referring to years prior to A.D.1
and refrain from "unproductive activity."
[46]
One teacher instituted a commandment for a class
wiki, "Wiki unto others as you would have them wiki unto you."
[9]

Legal environment
Joint authorship of articles, in which different users participate in correcting, editing, and
compiling the finished product, can also cause editors to become tenants in common of the
copyright, making it impossible to republish without the permission of all co-owners, some of
whose identities may be unknown due to pseudonymous or anonymous editing.
[7]
However,
where persons contribute to a collective work such as an encyclopedia, there is no joint
ownership if the contributions are separate and distinguishable.
[47]
Despite most wikis' tracking of
individual contributions, the action of contributing to a wiki page is still arguably one of jointly
correcting, editing, or compiling which would give rise to joint ownership.
Some copyright issues can be alleviated through the use of an open content license. Version 2 of
the GNU Free Documentation License includes a specific provision for wiki relicensing; Creative
Commons licenses are also popular. When no license is specified, an implied license to read and
add content to a wiki may be deemed to exist on the grounds of business necessity and the
inherent nature of a wiki, although the legal basis for such an implied license may not exist in all
circumstances.
[citation needed]

Wikis and their users can be held liable for certain activities that occur on the wiki. If a wiki owner
displays indifference and forgoes controls (such as banning copyright infringers) that he could
have exercised to stop copyright infringement, he may be deemed to have authorized
infringement, especially if the wiki is primarily used to infringe copyrights or obtains direct
financial benefit, such as advertising revenue, from infringing activities.
[7]
In the United States,
wikis may benefit from Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, which protects sites
that engage in "Good Samaritan" policing of harmful material, with no requirement on the quality
or quantity of such self-policing.
[48]
However, it has also been argued that a wiki's enforcement of
certain rules, such as anti-bias, verifiability, reliable sourcing, and no-original-research policies,
could pose legal risks.
[49]
When defamationoccurs on a wiki, theoretically all users of the wiki can
be held liable, because any of them had the ability to remove or amend the defamatory material
from the "publication." It remains to be seen whether wikis will be regarded as more akin to
an internet service provider, which is generally not held liable due to its lack of control over
publications' contents, than a publisher.
[7]

It has been recommended that trademark owners monitor what information is presented about
their trademarks on wikis, since courts may use such content as evidence pertaining to public
perceptions. Joshua Jarvis notes, "Once misinformation is identified, the trade mark owner can
simply edit the entry."
[50]

See also

I nternet portal
Comparison of wiki software
Content management system
Dispersed knowledge
List of wikis
Mass collaboration
Universal Edit Button
Wikis and education
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24. Jump up^ Soft Security, UseModWiki, September 20, 2006,
25. Jump up^ "Security Assothink Wiki" (in French).
M3m.homelinux.org. Retrieved 2013-02-16.
27. Jump up^ Meta.wikimedia.org
28. Jump up^ WikiStats by S23, S23Wiki, April 3, 2008, retrieved April 7,
2007
29. Jump up^ Alexa Web Search Top 500, Alexa Internet, retrieved
April 15, 2008
30. Jump up^ Mller, C.; Birn, L. (September 68, 2006), Wikis for
Collaborative Software Documentation, Proceedings of I-KNOW '06
31. Jump up^ Majchrzak, A.; Wagner, C.; Yates, D. (2006), "Corporate
wiki users", Corporate wiki users: results of a survey, Symposium on
Wikis, p. 99, doi:10.1145/1149453.1149472, ISBN 1-59593-413-8,
retrieved April 25, 2011
32. Jump up^ Conlin, Michelle (November 28, 2005), "E-Mail Is So Five
Minutes Ago", Bloomberg BusinessWeek
33. Jump up^ HomePage [Retrieved 8 May 2012].
34. Jump up^ Ways to Wiki: Project Management; 2010-01-04.
35. Jump up^ Wanderley, M.M.; Birnbaum, D.; Malloch, J. (2006), New
Interfaces For Musical Expression, IRCAM Centre Pompidou,
p. 180, ISBN 2-84426-314-3
36. Jump up^ Lombardo, Nancy T. (June 2008), Putting Wikis to Work in
Libraries 27 (2), Medical Reference Services Quarterly, pp. 129145
37. Jump up^ "SusanHu's FOIA Project UPDATE". Retrieved 2013-06-
25.
38. Jump
up^ http://web.archive.org/web/20070810213702/http://wikinodes.wik
i.taoriver.net/moin.fcg/FrequentlyAskedQuestions
39. Jump up^ Cubric, Marija (2007), Analysis of the use of Wiki-based
collaborations in enhancing student learning, University of
Hertfordshire, retrieved April 25, 2011
40. Jump up^ Roth, C.; Taraborelli, D.; Gilbert, N. (2008), Measuring
wiki viability. An empirical assessment of the social dynamics of a
large sample of wikis, The Centre for Research in Social Simulation,
p. 3, "Figure 4 shows that having a relatively high number of
administrators for a given content size is likely to reduce growth."
large sample of wikis, The Centre for Research in Social Simulation
42. Jump up^ Summit.atlassian.com. Atlassian Summit
homepage [Retrieved June 20, 2011].
43. Jump up^ Wiki.regiowiki.eu. European RegioWikiSociety homepage;
June 10, 2011 [Retrieved June 20, 2011].
44. Jump up^ Semantic-mediawiki.org. SMWCon homepage [Retrieved
June 20, 2011].
45. Jump up^ Tiki.org. TikiFest homepage [Retrieved June 20, 2011].
46. Jump up^ Conservapedia Commandments; May 15, 2010 [Retrieved
July 24, 2010].
47. Jump up^ Redwood Music Ltd v. B Feldman & Co Ltd (RPC 385),
1979
48. Jump up^ Walsh, Kathleen M.; Oh, Sarah (February 23, 2010), Self-
Regulation: How Wikipedia Leverages User-Generated Quality
Control Under Section 230
49. Jump up^ Myers, Ken S. (2008), "Wikimmunity: Fitting the
Communications Decency Act to Wikipedia", Harvard Journal of Law
and Technology (The Berkman Center for Internet and Society) 20:
163
50. Jump up^ Jarvis, Joshua (May 2008), "Police your marks in a wiki
world", Managing Intellectual Property (179): 101103
Further reading
Ebersbach, Anja (2008), Wiki: Web Collaboration, Springer
Science+Business Media, ISBN 3-540-35150-7
Leuf, Bo (April 13, 2001), The Wiki Way: Quick Collaboration on the
Web, AddisonWesley, ISBN 0-201-71499-X
Mader, Stewart (December 10, 2007), Wikipatterns, John Wiley &
Sons, ISBN 0-470-22362-6
Tapscott, Don (April 17, 2008), Wikinomics: How Mass
Collaboration Changes Everything, Portfolio Hardcover, ISBN 1-59184-
193-3
External links
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Wikiversity has learning
materials about Wiki

Wikimedia Commons has
media related to Wiki
software.
WikiIndex, a directory of wikis
Exploring with Wiki, an interview with Ward Cunningham by Bill
Verners
WikiMatrix, a website for comparing wiki software and hosts
WikiPapers, a wiki about publications about wikis
WikiTeam, a volunteer group to preserve wikis
Murphy, Paula (April 2006). Topsy-turvy World of Wiki. University
of California.
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Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia
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Wiki

A wiki (
i
[1][2]
needs of the users.
[2]

views,
[3]
[4]
[5][6]

Contents
[hide]
1 Characteristics
o 1.2 Navigation
o 1.4 Searching
2 History
3 Implementations
o 4.3 Security
5 Communities
o 5.1 Applications
o 5.2 WikiNodes
o 5.3 Participants
6 Conferences
7 Rules
8 Legal environment
9 See also
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
Characteristics

[citation needed]

[7]

wiki page."
[8]

Editing wiki pages
[example needed]
some of which also
access.
"Take some more
[[tea]]," the March
Hare said to Alice,
very earnestly.

can't take more."

"You mean you can't
than nothing."
href="/wiki/Tea"
earnestly.

more."

Alice replied in an
take more."
"You mean you can't
Navigation
pages.
[citation needed]
Searching
use flat files.
[9]
precise results.
History

[10]
[11][12]

was single-user.
[13]
[1][14]
[13]

[15]

Implementations
farms.
Trust and security
Controlling changes

[16]
[17]

wiki software used.
[18]

[19]
[20]

Trustworthiness
it.
[1]
well.
[10]

[21]
Some
[22]

[23]

Security
to them.

account,
[26]
[7]

[9]

be infected.
[7]
[27]

Communities

since May 2014.
Applications
[28]
and
[29][needs update]
[8]

[30]
[31]
In
[32][needs update]
Wikis

[35]
and committee work.
[36]
[7]

[37]
and the wiki of
[23]

WikiNodes
that wiki.
[38]

Participants
[39]

Growth factors
[40]
[41]

Conferences
[42]

[43]

[44]

Wiki CMS Groupware.
[45]

Rules
[46]
[9]

Legal environment
[7]
However,
[47]
circumstances.
[citation needed]

[7]
[48]
[49]
[7]

[50]

See also

I nternet portal
Dispersed knowledge
List of wikis
Mass collaboration
Wikis and education
References
1. ^ Jump up to:
a

b

c
"wiki", Encyclopdia
April 10, 2008
2. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
counting, p. 11, ISBN 9781448855575
7. ^ Jump up to:
a

b

c

d

e

f

g
eLaw J.
8. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
6920-6-41, PMC 1564136, PMID 16911779
9. ^ Jump up to:
a

b

c
10. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
13. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
Technology Law
November 7, 2011. ISSN 1708-6892
required)
23. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
2007
April 15, 2008
Wikis, p. 99, doi:10.1145/1149453.1149472, ISBN 1-59593-413-8,
p. 180, ISBN 2-84426-314-3
25.
38. Jump
June 20, 2011].
July 24, 2010].
1979
163
Further reading
Sons, ISBN 0-470-22362-6
193-3
External links

MENU
0:00

(Audio help)


software.
Verners
of California.
[hide]
V
T
E
Wikis

Types
Personal
Semantic
Wiki farm

Components
Software
Markup
Interwiki links

Lists
Wikis
Software
Markups and parsers

Comparisons
Software
Wiki farms

See also
History of wikis
Creole

[show]
V
T
E
Wiki software
[show]
V
T
E
Categories:
Wikis
Hypertext
Self-organization
Navigation menu
Create account
Log in
Article
Talk
Read
View source
View history
Go

Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikimedia Shop
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
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Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Data item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Afrikaans
Alemannisch

Aragons

Asturianu
Azrbaycanca
Bamanankan

Bn-lm-g

Boarisch
Bosanski
Brezhoneg

Catal

Cebuano
etina
Corsu
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti

Espaol
Esperanto
Euskara

Froyskt
Franais
Furlan
Gaeilge
Galego

Hrvatski
Igbo
Ilokano
Bahasa Indonesia
Interlingua
/inuktitut
slenska
Italiano

Basa Jawa

Kiswahili

Latina
Latvieu
Ltzebuergesch
Lietuvi
Limburgs
Lumbaart
Magyar

Malagasy

Malti

Bahasa Melayu

Nhuatl
Nederlands
Nedersaksies

Norsk bokml
Norsk nynorsk
Nouormand
Occitan
Plattdtsch
Polski

Portugus
Ripoarisch
Romn
Runa Simi

Sardu
Scots
Shqip
Sicilianu

Simple English
Slovenina
Slovenina
Soomaaliga
/ srpski
Srpskohrvatski /
Basa Sunda
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog

/tatara

Trke

Ting Vit
Vro

Winaray

Yorb

Zazaki
emaitka

Edit links
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view

Wiki

A wiki (
i
[1][2]
needs of the users.
[2]

views,
[3]
[4]
[5][6]

Contents
[hide]
1 Characteristics
o 1.2 Navigation
o 1.4 Searching
2 History
3 Implementations
o 4.3 Security
5 Communities
o 5.1 Applications
o 5.2 WikiNodes
o 5.3 Participants
6 Conferences
7 Rules
8 Legal environment
9 See also
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
Characteristics

[citation needed]

[7]

wiki page."
[8]

Editing wiki pages
[example needed]
some of which also
access.
"Take some more
[[tea]]," the March
Hare said to Alice,
very earnestly.

href="/wiki/Tea"
earnestly.

Alice replied in an
can't take more."

"You mean you can't
than nothing."

more."

take more."
"You mean you can't
Navigation
pages.
[citation needed]
Searching
use flat files.
[9]
precise results.
History

[10]
[11][12]

was single-user.
[13]
[1][14]
[13]

[15]

Implementations
farms.
Trust and security
Controlling changes

[16]
[17]

wiki software used.
[18]

[19]
[20]

Trustworthiness
it.
[1]
well.
[10]

[21]
Some
[22]

[23]

Security
to them.

account,
[26]
[7]

[9]

be infected.
[7]
[27]

Communities

since May 2014.
Applications
[28]
and
[29][needs update]
[8]

[30]
[31]
In
[32][needs update]
Wikis

[35]
and committee work.
[36]
[7]

[37]
and the wiki of
[23]

WikiNodes
that wiki.
[38]

Participants
[39]

Growth factors
[40]
[41]

Conferences
[42]

[43]

[44]

Wiki CMS Groupware.
[45]

Rules
[46]
[9]

Legal environment
[7]
However,
[47]
circumstances.
[citation needed]

[7]
[48]
[49]
[7]

[50]

See also

I nternet portal
Dispersed knowledge
List of wikis
Mass collaboration
Wikis and education
References
1. ^ Jump up to:
a

b

c
"wiki", Encyclopdia
April 10, 2008
2. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
counting, p. 11, ISBN 9781448855575
7. ^ Jump up to:
a

b

c

d

e

f

g
eLaw J.
8. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
6920-6-41, PMC 1564136, PMID 16911779
9. ^ Jump up to:
a

b

c
10. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
13. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
Technology Law
November 7, 2011. ISSN 1708-6892
required)
23. ^ Jump up to:
a

b
2007
April 15, 2008
Wikis, p. 99, doi:10.1145/1149453.1149472, ISBN 1-59593-413-8,
p. 180, ISBN 2-84426-314-3
25.
38. Jump
June 20, 2011].
July 24, 2010].
1979
163
Further reading
Sons, ISBN 0-470-22362-6
193-3
External links

MENU
0:00

(Audio help)


software.
Verners
of California.
[hide]
V
T
E
Wikis

Types
Personal
Semantic
Wiki farm

Components
Software
Markup
Interwiki links

Lists
Wikis
Software
Markups and parsers

Comparisons
Software
Wiki farms

See also
History of wikis
Creole

[show]
V
T
E
Wiki software
[show]
V
T
E
Categories:
Wikis
Hypertext
Self-organization
Navigation menu
Create account
Log in
Article
Talk
Read
View source
View history
Go

Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikimedia Shop
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Data item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Afrikaans
Alemannisch

Aragons

Asturianu
Azrbaycanca
Bamanankan

Bn-lm-g

Boarisch
Bosanski
Brezhoneg

Catal

Cebuano
etina
Corsu
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti

Espaol
Esperanto
Euskara

Froyskt
Franais
Furlan
Gaeilge
Galego

Hrvatski
Igbo
Ilokano
Bahasa Indonesia
Interlingua
/inuktitut
slenska
Italiano

Basa Jawa

Kiswahili

Latina
Latvieu
Ltzebuergesch
Lietuvi
Limburgs
Lumbaart
Magyar

Malagasy

Malti

Bahasa Melayu

Nhuatl
Nederlands
Nedersaksies

Norsk bokml
Norsk nynorsk
Nouormand
Occitan
Plattdtsch
Polski

Portugus
Ripoarisch
Romn
Runa Simi

Sardu
Scots
Shqip
Sicilianu

Simple English
Slovenina
Slovenina
Soomaaliga
/ srpski
Srpskohrvatski /
Basa Sunda
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog

/tatara

Trke

Ting Vit
Vro

Winaray

Yorb

Zazaki
emaitka

Edit links
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Mobile view

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