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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations


JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
(Established by an Act No.30 of 2008 of A.P. State Legislature)
Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500 085, Andhra Pradesh (India)
M. TECH. (ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING/ DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING/ DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
SYSTEMS)

(R13)COURSE STRUCTURE AND SYLLABUS
I Year - I Semester
Code Group Subj ect L P Credits
Digital System Design 3 0 3
Advanced Digital Signal Processing 3 0 3
VLSI Technology and Design 3 0 3
Advanced Data Communications 3 0 3
Elective I Detection and Estimation Theory
Microcontrollers for Embedded
System Design
Radio Navigational Aids
3 0 3
Elective -II Internetworking
Advanced Computer Architecture
Embedded Real Time Operating Systems
3 0 3
Lab Signal Processing Lab 0 3 2
Seminar - - 2
Total Credits 18 3 22
I Year - II Semester
Code Group Subject L P Credits
Image and Video Processing 3 0 3
Coding Theory and Techniques 3 0 3
Optical Communications Technology 3 0 3
Wireless Communications and Networks 3 0 3
Elective - III Speech Processing
Optical Networks
Radar Signal Processing
3 0 3
Elective IV Network Security And Cryptography
Satellite Communications
Digital Signal Processors and Architectures
3 0 3
Lab Advanced Communications Lab 0 3 2
Seminar - - 2
Total Credits 18 3 22
II Year - I Semester
Code Group Subject L P Credits
Comprehensive Viva - - 2
Project Seminar 0 3 2
Project work - - 18
Total Credits - 3 22
II Year II Semester
Code Group Subject L P Credits
Project work and Seminar - - 22
Total Credits - - 22

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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year I Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN

UNIT -I:
Minimization and Transformation of Sequential Machines: The Finite State Model Capabilities
and limitations of FSM, State equivalence and Machine minimization, Simplification of incompletely
specified machines.
Fundamental mode model Flow table State reduction Minimal closed covers Races, Cycles
and Hazards.

UNIT -II:
Di gital Design: Digital Design Using ROMs, PALs and PLAs , BCD Adder, 32 bit adder, State
graphs for control circuits, Scoreboard and Controller, A shift and add multiplier, Array multiplier,
Keypad Scanner, Binary divider.

UNIT -III:
SM Charts: State machine charts, Derivation of SM Charts, Realization of SM Chart, Implementation
of Binary Multiplier, dice game controller.

UNIT -IV:
Fault Modeling & Test Pattern Generation: Logic Fault model Fault detection & Redundancy-
Fault equivalence and fault location Fault dominance Single stuck at fault model Multiple stuck at
fault models Bridging fault model.
Fault diagnosis of combinational circuits by conventional methods Path sensitization techniques,
Boolean Difference method Kohavi algorithm Test algorithms D algorithm, PODEM, Random
testing, Transition count testing, Signature analysis and test bridging faults.

UNIT -V:
Fault Di agnosi s in Sequenti al Circui ts: Circuit Test Approach, Transition Check Approach State
identification and fault detection experiment, Machine identification, Design of fault detection
experiment

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Fundamentals of Logic Design Charles H. Roth, 5
th
Ed., Cengage Learning.
2. Digital Systems Testing and Testable Design Miron Abramovici, Melvin A.
Breuer and Arthur D. Friedman- J ohn Wiley & Sons Inc.
3. Logic Design Theory N. N. Biswas, PHI

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Switching and Finite Automata Theory Z. Kohavi , 2
nd
Ed., 2001, TMH
2. Digital Design Morris Mano, M.D.Ciletti, 4
th
Edition, PHI.
3. Digital Circuits and Logic Design Samuel C. Lee , PHI





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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year I Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

UNIT I:
Revi ew of DFT, FFT, IIR Fil ters and FIR Filters: Multi Rate Signal Processing: Introduction,
Decimation by a factor D, Interpolation by a factor I, Sampling rate conversion by a rational factor I/D,
Multistage Implementation of Sampling Rate Conversion, Filter design & Implementation for sampling
rate conversion.

UNIT II:
Appli cations of Multi Rate Signal Processing: Design of Phase Shifters, Interfacing of Digital
Systems with Different Sampling Rates, Implementation of Narrow Band Low Pass Filters,
Implementation of Digital Filter Banks, Sub-band Coding of Speech Signals, Quadrature Mirror
Filters, Trans-multiplexers, Over Sampling A/D and D/A Conversion.

UNIT -III:
Non-Parametri c Methods of Power Spectral Esti mati on: Estimation of spectra from finite duration
observation of signals, Non-parametric Methods: Bartlett, Welch & Blackman-Tukey methods,
Comparison of all Non-Parametric methods

UNIT IV:
Implementation of Digital Fil ters: Introduction to filter structures (IIR & FIR), Frequency sampling
structures of FIR, Lattice structures, Forward prediction error, Backward prediction error, Reflection
coefficients for lattice realization, Implementation of lattice structures for IIR filters, Advantages of
lattice structures.

UNIT V:
Parametri c Methods of Power Spectrum Estimation: Autocorrelation & Its Properties, Relation
between auto correlation & model parameters, AR Models - Yule-Walker & Burg Methods, MA &
ARMA models for power spectrum estimation, Finite word length effect in IIR digital Filters Finite
word-length effects in FFT algorithms.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms & Applications - J .G.Proakis & D. G.
Manolakis, 4
th
Ed., PHI.
2. Discrete Time Signal Processing - Alan V Oppenheim & R. W Schaffer, PHI.
3. DSP A Practical Approach Emmanuel C. Ifeacher, Barrie. W. J ervis, 2 Ed., Pearson
Education.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Modern Spectral Estimation: Theory & Application S. M .Kay, 1988, PHI.
2. Multi Rate Systems and Filter Banks P.P.Vaidyanathan Pearson Education.
3. Digital Signal Processing S.Salivahanan, A.Vallavaraj, C.Gnanapriya, 2000,TMH
4. Digital Spectral Analysis J r. Marple


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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year I Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

VLSI TECHNOLOGY AND DESIGN

UNIT I:
Revi ew of Mi croel ectronics and Introduction to MOS Technologies: MOS, CMOS, BiCMOS
Technology.
Basic Electrical Properties of MOS, CMOS & BiCMOS Circuits: I
ds
V
ds
relationships, Threshold
Voltage V
T
, G
m
, G
ds
and
o
, Pass Transistor, MOS, CMOS & Bi CMOS Inverters, Z
pu
/Z
pd
, MOS
Transistor circuit model, Latch-up in CMOS circuits.

UNIT II:
Layout Design and Tools: Transistor structures, Wires and Vias, Scalable Design rules, Layout
Design tools.
Logi c Gates & Layouts: Static Complementary Gates, Switch Logic, Alternative Gate circuits, Low
power gates, Resistive and Inductive interconnect delays.

UNIT III:
Combinational Logic Networks: Layouts, Simulation, Network delay, Interconnect design, Power
optimization, Switch logic networks, Gate and Network testing.

UNIT IV:
Sequential Systems: Memory cells and Arrays, Clocking disciplines, Design, Power optimization,
Design validation and testing.

UNIT V:
Floor planning methods, Global Interconnect, Floor Plan Design, Off-chip connections.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Essentials of VLSI Circuits and Systems, K. Eshraghian Eshraghian. D, A. Pucknell,
2005, PHI.
2. Modern VLSI Design Wayne Wolf, 3
rd
Ed., 1997, Pearson Education.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Introduction to VLSI Systems: A Logic, Circuit and System Perspective Ming-BO
Lin, CRC Press, 2011
2. Principals of CMOS VLSI Design N.H.E Weste, K. Eshraghian, 2
nd
Ed., Addison
Wesley.
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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year I Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

ADVANCED DATA COMMUNICATIONS

UNIT -I:
Di gital Modul ation Schemes: BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16PSK, 8QAM, 16QAM, DPSK Methods,
Band Width Efficiency, Carrier Recovery, Clock Recovery.

UNIT -II:
Basi c Concepts of Data Communi cations, Interfaces and Modems: Data Communication
Networks, Protocols and Standards, UART, USB, I2C, I2S, Line Configuration, Topology,
Transmission Modes, Digital Data Transmission, DTE-DCE interface, Categories of Networks
TCP/IP Protocol suite and Comparison with OSI model.

UNIT -III:
Error Correcti on: Types of Errors, Vertical Redundancy Check (VRC), LRC, CRC, Checksum, Error
Correction using Hamming code
Data Link Control: Line Discipline, Flow Control, Error Control
Data Link Protocols: Asynchronous Protocols, Synchronous Protocols, Character Oriented
Protocols, Bit-Oriented Protocol, Link Access Procedures.

UNIT -IV:
Mul tiplexing: Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Multiplexing
Application, DSL.
Local Area Networks: Ethernet, Other Ether Networks, Token Bus, Token Ring, FDDI.
Metropoli tan Area Networks: IEEE 802.6, SMDS
Swi tching: Circuit Switching, Packet Switching, Message Switching.
Networking and Interfacing Devi ces: Repeaters, Bridges, Routers, Gateway, Other Devices.

UNIT -V:
Mul tiple Access Techniques: Random Access, Aloha- Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)-
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA), Controlled Access- Reservation-
Polling- Token Passing, Channelization, Frequency- Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time - Division
Multiple Access (TDMA), Code - Division Multiple Access (CDMA), OFDM and OFDMA.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Data Communication and Computer Networking - B. A.Forouzan, 2
nd
Ed., 2003, TMH.
2. Advanced Electronic Communication Systems - W. Tomasi, 5
th E
d., 2008, PEI.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Data Communications and Computer Networks - Prakash C. Gupta, 2006, PHI.
2. Data and Computer Communications - William Stallings, 8
th
Ed., 2007, PHI.
3. Data Communication and Tele Processing Systems -T. Housely, 2
nd
Ed, 2008, BSP.
4. Data Communications and Computer Networks- Brijendra Singh, 2
nd
Ed., 2005, PHI.
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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year I Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

DETECTION AND ESTIMATION THEORY
(ELECTIVE - I)

UNIT I:
Random Processes: Discrete Linear Models, Markov Sequences and Processes, Point Processes,
and Gaussian Processes.

UNIT II:
Detecti on Theory: Basic Detection Problem, Maximum A posteriori Decision Rule, Minimum
Probability of Error Classifier, Bayes Decision Rule, Multiple-Class Problem (Bayes)- minimum
probability error with and without equal a priori probabilities, Neyman-Pearson Classifier, General
Calculation of Probability of Error, General Gaussian Problem, Composite Hypotheses.

UNIT III:
Linear Mi nimum Mean-Square Error Fil tering: Linear Minimum Mean Squared Error Estimators,
Nonlinear Minimum Mean Squared Error Estimators. Innovations, Digital Wiener Filters with Stored
Data, Real-time Digital Wiener Filters, Kalman Filters.

UNIT IV:
Stati sti cs: Measurements, Nonparametric Estimators of Probability Distribution and Density
Functions, Point Estimators of Parameters, Measures of the Quality of Estimators, Introduction to
Interval Estimates, Distribution of Estimators, Tests of Hypotheses, Simple Linear Regression,
Multiple Linear Regression.

UNIT V:
Estimating the Parameters of Random Processes from Data: Tests for Stationarity and
Ergodicity, Model-free Estimation, Model-based Estimation of Autocorrelation Functions, Power
Special Density Functions.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Random Signals: Detection, Estimation and Data Analysis - K. Sam Shanmugan &
A.M. Breipohl, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd, 2011.
2. Random Processes: Filtering, Estimation and Detection - Lonnie C. Ludeman, Wiley
India Pvt. Ltd., 2010.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Volume I Estimation Theory
Steven.M.Kay, Prentice Hall, USA, 1998.
2. Fundamentals of Statistical Signal Processing: Volume I Detection Theory
Steven.M.Kay, Prentice Hall, USA, 1998.
3. Introduction to Statistical Signal Processing with Applications - Srinath, Rajasekaran,
Viswanathan, 2003, PHI.
4. Statistical Signal Processing: Detection, Estimation and Time Series Analysis Louis
L.Scharf, 1991, Addison Wesley.
5. Detection, Estimation and Modulation Theory: Part I Harry L. Van Trees, 2001,
J ohn Wiley & Sons, USA.
6. Signal Processing: Discrete Spectral Analysis Detection & Estimation Mischa
Schwartz, Leonard Shaw, 1975, Mc Graw Hill.

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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year I Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

MICROCONTROLLERS FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN
(ELECTIVE -I)

UNIT I:
ARM Architecture: ARM Design Philosophy, Registers, Program Status Register, Instruction
Pipeline, Interrupts and Vector Table, Architecture Revision, ARM Processor Families.

UNIT II:
ARM Programming Model I: Instruction Set: Data Processing Instructions, Addressing Modes,
Branch, Load, Store Instructions, PSR Instructions, Conditional Instructions.

UNIT III:
ARM Programming Model II: Thumb Instruction Set: Register Usage, Other Branch Instructions,
Data Processing Instructions, Single-Register and Multi Register Load-Store Instructions, Stack,
Software Interrupt Instructions

UNIT IV:
ARM Programming: Simple C Programs using Function Calls, Pointers, Structures, Integer and
Floating Point Arithmetic, Assembly Code using Instruction Scheduling, Register Allocation,
Conditional Execution and Loops.

UNIT V:
Memory Management: Cache Architecture, Polices, Flushing and Caches, MMU, Page Tables,
Translation, Access Permissions, Content Switch.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. ARM Systems Developers Guides- Designing & Optimizing System Software
Andrew N. Sloss, Dominic Symes, Chris Wright, 2008, Elsevier.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Embedded Microcomputer Systems, Real Time Interfacing J onathan W. Valvano
Brookes / Cole, 1999, Thomas Learning.
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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year I Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

RADIO NAVIGATIONAL AIDS
(ELECTIVE-I)

UNIT I:
Navi gational Systems: Review of Navigational Systems: Aircraft navigational system, Geometry of
the earth. Navigation equation, Navigation errors, Radio navigation system types and Performance
parameters, ILS System, Hyperbolic navigation systems, Loran, Omega, Decca Radio direction
finding, DME, TACAN and VORTAC.

UNIT -II:
Inertial Navigation: Inertial navigation system, Sensing instruments: Accelerometer. Gyro- copes,
Analytic and Gimbaled platforms, Mechanization, Error analysis, Alignment.

UNIT III:
Global Positioning System (GPS) for Navigation: Overview of GPS, Reference systems. Satellite
orbits, Signal structure, Geometric dilution of precision (GDOP), or Precision dilution of recision
(PDOP), Satellite ephemeris, Satellite clock, Ionospheric group delay. Tropospheric group delay,
Multipath errors and Receiver measurement errors.

UNIT -IV:
Di fferential GPS and WAAS: Standard and precise positioning service local area DGPS and Wide
area DGPS errors, Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) architecture, Link budget and Data
Capacity, Ranging function, Precision approach and error estimates.

UNIT V:
GPS Navigational Applications: General applications of GPS, DGPS, Marine, Air and Land
Navigation, Surveying, Mapping and Geographical information systems, Military and Space.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Myron Kavton and Walter Friend, R. - Avionics Navigation Systems, Wiley,1997
2. Parkinson. BW. Spilker - Global Positioning System Theory and Applications,
Progress in Astronautics, Vol. I and II, 1996.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Hoffman. B., Wellenhof. H... Lichtenegger and J . Collins - GPS Theory andPractice,
Springer Verlang Wien New York, 1992.
2. Elliot D. Kaplan - Understanding GPS Principles and Applications, Artech House.
Inc., 1996.
3. Lieck Alfred. - GPS Satellite Surveying, J ohn Wiley, 1990.
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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year I Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

INTERNETWORKING
(ELECTIVE - II)
UNIT -I:
Internetworking Concepts: Principles of Internetworking, Connectionless Internetworking,
Application level Interconnections, Network level Interconnection, Properties of thee Internet,
Internet Architecture, Wired LANS, Wireless LANs, Point-to-Point WANs, Switched WANs,
Connecting Devices, TCP/IP Protocol Suite.
IP Address: Classful Addressi ng: Introduction, Classful Addressing, Other Issues, Sub-netting
and Super-netting
Classl ess Addressi ng: Variable length Blocks, Sub-netting, Address Allocation. Delivery,
Forwarding, and Routing of IP Packets: Delivery, Forwarding, Routing, Structure of Router.
ARP and RARP: ARP, ARP Package, RARP.

UNIT -II:
Internet Protocol (IP): Datagram, Fragmentation, Options, Checksum, IP V.6.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): TCP Services, TCP Features, Segment, A TCP
Connection, State Transition Diagram, Flow Control, Error Control, Congestion Control, TCP Times.
Stream Control Transmissi on Protocol (SCTP): SCTP Services, SCTP Features, Packet Format,
Flow Control, Error Control, Congestion Control.
Mobile IP: Addressing, Agents, Three Phases, Inefficiency in Mobile IP.
Classi cal TCP Improvements: Indirect TCP, Snooping TCP, Mobile TCP, Fast Retransmit/ Fast
Recovery, Transmission/ Time Out Freezing, Selective Retransmission, Transaction Oriented TCP.

UNIT -III:
Unicast Routing Protocol s (RIP, OSPF, and BGP): Intra and Inter-domain Routing, Distance
Vector Routing, RIP, Link State Routing, OSPF, Path Vector Routing, BGP.
Mul ticasting and Multicast Routi ng Protocols: Unicast - Multicast- Broadcast, Multicast
Applications, Multicast Routing, Multicast Link State Routing: MOSPF, Multicast Distance Vector:
DVMRP.

UNIT -IV:
Domain Name System (DNS): Name Space, Domain Name Space, Distribution of Name Space,
and DNS in the internet.
Remote Logi n TELNET: Concept, Network Virtual Terminal (NVT).
Fi le Transfer FTP and TFTP: File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
El ectronic Mail: SMTP and POP.
Network Management-SNMP: Concept, Management Components, World Wide Web- HTTP
Architecture.

UNIT -V:
Mul timedia: Digitizing Audio and Video, Network security, security in the internet firewalls. Audio
and Video Compression, Streaming Stored Audio/Video, Streaming Live Audio/Video, Real-Time
Interactive Audio/Video, RTP, RTCP, Voice Over IP. Network Security, Security in the Internet,
Firewalls.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. TCP/IP Protocol Suite- Behrouz A. Forouzan, Third Edition, TMH
2. Internetworking with TCP/IP Comer 3 rd edition PHI

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. High performance TCP/IP Networking- Mahbub Hassan, Raj J ain, PHI, 2005
2. Data Communications & Networking B.A. Forouzan 2
nd
Edition TMH
3. High Speed Networks and Internets- William Stallings, Pearson Education, 2002.
4. Data and Computer Communications, William Stallings, 7
th
Edition., PEI.
5. The Internet and Its Protocols Adrian FArrel, Elsevier, 2005.

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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year I Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

ADVANCED COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
(ELECTIVE -II)

UNIT -I:
Fundamentals of Computer Desi gn: Fundamentals of Computer design, Changing faces of
computing and task of computer designer, Technology trends, Cost price and their trends, Measuring
and reporting performance, Quantitative principles of computer design, Amdahls law.
Instruction set principles and examples- Introduction, Classifying instruction set- MEmory addressing-
type and size of operands, Operations in the instruction set.

UNIT II:
Pi pelines: Introduction, Basic RISC instruction set, Simple implementation of RISC instruction set,
Classic five stage pipe lined RISC processor, Basic performance issues in pipelining, Pipeline
hazards, Reducing pipeline branch penalties.
Memory Hierarchy Desi gn: Introduction, Review of ABC of cache, Cache performance, Reducing
cache miss penalty, Virtual memory.

UNIT -III:
Instruction Level Paral lelism the Hardware Approach: Instruction-Level parallelism, Dynamic
scheduling, Dynamic scheduling using Tomasulos approach, Branch prediction, high performance
instruction delivery- hardware based speculation.
ILP Software Approach : Basic compiler level techniques, Static branch prediction, VLIW approach,
Exploiting ILP, Parallelism at compile time, Cross cutting issues -Hardware verses Software.

UNIT IV:
Mul ti Processors and Thread Level Parallelism: Multi Processors and Thread level Parallelism-
Introduction, Characteristics of application domain, Systematic shared memory architecture,
Distributed shared memory architecture, Synchronization.

UNIT V:
Inter Connection and Networks: Introduction, Interconnection network media, Practical issues in
interconnecting networks, Examples of inter connection, Cluster, Designing of clusters.
Intel Architecture: Intel IA-64 ILP in embedded and mobile markets Fallacies and pit falls.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. J ohn L. Hennessy, David A. Patterson - Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, 3rd
Edition, An Imprint of Elsevier.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. J ohn P. Shen and Miikko H. Lipasti - Modern Processor Design : Fundamentals of
Super Scalar Processors
2. Computer Architecture and Parallel Processing - Kai Hwang, Faye A.Brigs., MC
Graw Hill.
3. Advanced Computer Architecture - A Design Space Approach - Dezso Sima,
Terence Fountain, Peter Kacsuk , Pearson Ed.
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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year I Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

EMBEDDED REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS
(ELECTIVE -II)

UNIT I
Introduction: Introduction to UNIX/LINUX, Overview of Commands, File I/O,( open, create, close,
lseek, read, write), Process Control ( fork, vfork, exit, wait, waitpid, exec).

UNIT -II:
Real Time Operating Systems: Brief History of OS, Defining RTOS, The Scheduler, Objects,
Services, Characteristics of RTOS, Defining a Task, asks States and Scheduling, Task Operations,
Structure, Synchronization, Communication and Concurrency.
Defining Semaphores, Operations and Use, Defining Message Queue, States, Content, Storage,
Operations and Use

UNIT -III:
Objects, Servi ces and I/O: Pipes, Event Registers, Signals, Other Building Blocks, Component
Configuration, Basic I/O Concepts, I/O Subsystem

UNIT -IV:
Exceptions, Interrupts and Timers: Exceptions, Interrupts, Applications, Processing of Exceptions
and Spurious Interrupts, Real Time Clocks, Programmable Timers, Timer Interrupt Service Routines
(ISR), Soft Timers, Operations.

UNIT -V:
Case Studi es of RTOS: RT Linux, MicroC/OS-II, Vx Works, Embedded Linux, and Tiny OS, and
Android OS.



TEXT BOOKS:
1. Real Time Concepts for Embedded Systems Qing Li, Elsevier, 2011

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Embedded Systems- Architecture, Programming and Design - Rajkamal, 2007, TMH.
2. Advanced UNIX Programming - Richard Stevens
3. Embedded Linux: Hardware, Software and Interfacing Dr. Craig Hollabaugh
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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year I Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB

Note:
A. Minimum of 10 Experiments have to be conducted
B. All Experiments may be Simulated using MATLAB and to be verified theoretically.

1. Basic Operations on Signals, Generation of Various Signals and finding its FFT.
2. Program to verify Decimation and Interpolation of a given Sequences.
3. Program to Convert CD data into DVD data
4. Generation of Dual Tone Multiple Frequency (DTMF) Signals
5. Plot the Periodogram of a Noisy Signal and estimate PSD using Periodogram and
Modified Periodogram methods
6. Estimation of Power Spectrum using Bartlett and Welch methods
7. Verification of Autocorrelation Theorem
8. Parametric methods (Yule-Walker and Burg) of Power Spectrum Estimation
9. Estimation of data series using Nth order Forward Predictor and comparing to the
Original Signal
10. Design of LPC filter using Levinson-Durbin Algorithm
11. Computation of Reflection Coefficients using Schur Algorithm
12. To study Finite Length Effects using Simulink
13. Design and verification of Matched filter
14. Adaptive Noise Cancellation using Simulink
15. Design and Simulation of Notch Filter to remove 60Hz Hum/any unwanted frequency
component of given Signal (Speech/ECG)
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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year II Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING

UNIT I:
Fundamentals of Image Processing and Image Transforms: Basic steps of Image Processing
System Sampling and Quantization of an image, Basic relationship between pixels.
Image Segmentati on: Segmentation concepts, Point, Line and Edge Detection, Thresholding,
Region based segmentation.

UNIT II:
Image Enhancement: Spatial domain methods: Histogram processing, Fundamentals of Spatial
filtering, Smoothing spatial filters, Sharpening spatial filters.
Frequency domain methods: Basics of filtering in frequency domain, Image smoothing, Image
sharpening, Selective filtering.

UNIT III:
Image Compression: Image compression fundamentals - Coding Redundancy, Spatial and
Temporal redundancy, Compression models: Lossy & Lossless, Huffman coding, Bit plane coding,
Transform coding, Predictive coding, Wavelet coding, Lossy Predictive coding, J PEG Standards.

UNIT -IV:
Basi c Steps of Video Processing: Analog Video, Digital Video. Time-Varying Image Formation
models: Three-Dimensional Motion Models, Geometric Image Formation, Photometric Image
Formation, Sampling of Video signals, Filtering operations.

UNIT V:
2-D Motion Esti mation: Optical flow, General Methodologies, Pixel Based Motion Estimation, Block-
Matching Algorithm, Mesh based Motion Estimation, Global Motion Estimation, Region based Motion
Estimation, Multi resolution motion estimation, Waveform based coding, Block based transform
coding, Predictive coding, Application of motion estimation in Video coding.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Digital Image Processing Gonzaleze and Woods, 3
rd
Ed., Pearson.
2. Video Processing and Communication Yao Wang, J oem Ostermann and Yaquin
Zhang. 1
st
Ed., PH Int.

REFRENCE BOOKS:
1. Digital Image Processing and Analysis-Human and Computer Vision Application with
CVIP Tools Scotte Umbaugh, 2
nd
Ed, CRC Press, 2011.
2. Digital Video Processing M. Tekalp, Prentice Hall International
3. Digital Image Processing S.J ayaraman, S.Esakkirajan, T.Veera KumarTMH, 2009.
4. Multidimentional Signal, Image and Video Processing and Coding J ohn Woods, 2
nd

Ed, Elsevier
5. Digital Image Processing with MATLAB and Labview Vipula Singh, Elsevier.
6. Video Demystified A Hand Book for the Digital Engineer Keith J ack, 5
th
Ed.,
Elsevier
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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year II Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

CODING THEORY AND TECHNIQUES

UNIT I:
Coding for Rel iable Digital Transmission and Storage: Mathematical model of Information, A
Logarithmic Measure of Information, Average and Mutual Information and Entropy, Types of Errors,
Error Control Strategies.
Linear Block Codes: Introduction to Linear Block Codes, Syndrome and Error Detection, Minimum
Distance of a Block code, Error-Detecting and Error-correcting Capabilities of a Block code,
Standard array and Syndrome Decoding, Probability of an undetected error for Linear Codes over a
BSC, Hamming Codes. Applications of Block codes for Error control in data storage system

UNIT II:
Cycl ic Codes: Description, Generator and Parity-check Matrices, Encoding, Syndrome Computation
and Error Detection, Decoding ,Cyclic Hamming Codes, Shortened cyclic codes, Error-trapping
decoding for cyclic codes, Majority logic decoding for cyclic codes.

UNIT III:
Convolutional Codes: Encoding of Convolutional Codes, Structural and Distance Properties,
maximum likelihood decoding, Sequential decoding, Majority- logic decoding of Convolution codes.
Application of Viterbi Decoding and Sequential Decoding, Applications of Convolutional codes in
ARQ system.

UNIT IV:
Burst Error-Correcting Codes: Decoding of Single-Burst error Correcting Cyclic codes, Single-
Burst-Error-Correcting Cyclic codes, Burst-Error-Correcting Convolutional Codes, Bounds on Burst
Error-Correcting Capability, Interleaved Cyclic and Convolutional Codes, Phased-Burst Error-
Correcting Cyclic and Convolutional codes.

UNIT -V:
BCH Codes: BCH code- Definition, Minimum distance and BCH Bounds, Decoding Procedure for
BCH Codes- Syndrome Computation and Iterative Algorithms, Error Location Polynomials and
Numbers for single and double error correction

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Error Control Coding- Fundamentals and Applications Shu Lin, Daniel J .Costello,J r,
Prentice Hall, Inc.
2. Error Correcting Coding Theory-Man Young Rhee- 1989, McGraw-Hill Publishing.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Digital Communications-Fundamental and Application - Bernard Sklar, PE.
2. Digital Communications- J ohn G. Proakis, 5
th
Ed., 2008, TMH.
3. Introduction to Error Control Codes-Salvatore Gravano-oxford
4. Error Correction Coding Mathematical Methods and Algorithms Todd K.Moon,
2006, Wiley India.
5. Information Theory, Coding and Cryptography Ranjan Bose, 2
nd
Ed, 2009, TMH.
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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year II Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY

UNIT I:
Si gnal propagation in Optical Fibers: Geometrical Optics approach and Wave Theory approach,
Loss and Bandwidth, Chromatic Dispersion, Non Linear effects- Stimulated Brillouin and Stimulated
Raman Scattering, Propagation in a Non-Linear Medium, Self-Phase Modulation and Cross Phase
Modulation, Four Wave Mixing, Principle of Solitons.

UNIT II:
Fiber Optic Components for Communication & Networking: Couplers, Isolators and Circulators,
Multiplexers, Bragg Gratings, Fabry-Perot Filters, Mach Zender Interferometers, Arrayed Waveguide
Grating, Tunable Filters, High Channel Count Multiplexer Architectures, Optical Amplifiers, Direct
and External Modulation Transmitters, Pump Sources for Amplifiers, Optical Switches and
Wavelength Converters.

UNIT III:
Modulati on and Demodul ati on: Signal formats for Modulation, Subcarrier Modulation and
Multiplexing, Optical Modulations Duobinary, Single Side Band and Multilevel Schemes, Ideal and
Practical receivers for Demodulation, Bit Error Rates, Timing Recovery and Equalization, Reed-
Solomon Codes for Error Detection and Correction.

UNIT -IV:
Transmission System Engineering: System Model, Power Penalty in Transmitter and Receiver,
Optical Amplifiers, Crosstalk and Reduction of Crosstalk, Cascaded Filters, Dispersion Limitations
and Compensation Techniques.

UNIT V:
Fiber Non-lineari ties and System Design Considerati ons: Limitation in High Speed and WDM
Systems due to Non-linearities in Fibers, Wavelength Stabilization against Temperature Variations,
Overall System Design considerations Fiber Dispersion, Modulation, Non-Linear Effects,
Wavelengths, All Optical Networks.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N.
Sivarajan, 2
nd
Ed., 2004, Elsevier Morgan Kaufmann Publishers (An Imprint of Elsevier).
2. Optical Fiber Communications Gerd Keiser, 3
rd
Ed., 2000, McGraw Hill.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice J ohn.M.Senior, 2
nd
Ed., 2000, PE.
2. Fiber Optics Communication Harold Kolimbris, 2
nd
Ed., 2004, PEI
3. Optical Networks: Third Generation Transport Systems Uyless Black, 2
nd
Ed., 2009, PEI
4. Optical Fiber Communications Govind Agarwal, 2
nd
Ed., 2004, TMH.
5. Optical Fiber Communications and Its Applications S.C.Gupta, 2004, PHI.
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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year II Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS
UNIT -I:
The Cellular Concept-System Desi gn Fundamental s: Introduction, Frequency Reuse, Channel
Assignment Strategies, Handoff Strategies- Prioritizing Handoffs, Practical Handoff Considerations,
Interference and system capacity Co channel Interference and system capacity, Channel planning
for Wireless Systems, Adjacent Channel interference , Power Control for Reducing interference,
Trunking and Grade of Service, Improving Coverage & Capacity in Cellular Systems- Cell Splitting,
Sectoring .

UNIT II:
Mobile Radio Propagation: Large-Scal e Path Loss: Introduction to Radio Wave Propagation, Free
Space Propagation Model, Relating Power to Electric Field, The Three Basic Propagation
Mechanisms, Reflection-Reflection from Dielectrics, Brewster Angle, Reflection from prefect
conductors, Ground Reflection (Two-Ray) Model, Diffraction-Fresnel Zone Geometry, Knife-edge
Diffraction Model, Multiple knife-edge Diffraction, Scattering, Outdoor Propagation Models- Longley-
Ryce Model, Okumura Model, Hata Model, PCS Extension to Hata Model, Walfisch and Bertoni
Model, Wideband PCS Microcell Model, Indoor Propagation Models-Partition losses (Same Floor),
Partition losses between Floors, Log-distance path loss model, Ericsson Multiple Breakpoint Model,
Attenuation Factor Model, Signal penetration into buildings, Ray Tracing and Site Specific Modeling.

UNIT III:
Mobile Radio Propagation: Small Scale Fading and Multi path : Small Scale Multipath
propagation-Factors influencing small scale fading, Doppler shift, Impulse Response Model of a
multipath channel- Relationship between Bandwidth and Received power, Small-Scale Multipath
Measurements-Direct RF Pulse System, Spread Spectrum Sliding Correlator Channel Sounding,
Frequency Domain Channels Sounding, Parameters of Mobile Multipath Channels-Time Dispersion
Parameters, Coherence Bandwidth, Doppler Spread and Coherence Time, Types of Small-Scale
Fading-Fading effects Due to Multipath Time Delay Spread, Flat fading, Frequency selective fading,
Fading effects Due to Doppler Spread-Fast fading, slow fading, Statistical Models for multipath
Fading Channels-Clarkes model for flat fading, spectral shape due to Doppler spread in Clarkes
model, Simulation of Clarke and Gans Fading Model, Level crossing and fading statistics, Two-ray
Rayleigh Fading Model.

UNIT -IV:
Equalization and Di versity: Introduction, Fundamentals of Equalization, Training A Generic
Adaptive Equalizer, Equalizers in a communication Receiver, Linear Equalizers, Non-linear
Equalization-Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE), Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimation
(MLSE) Equalizer, Algorithms for adaptive equalization-Zero Forcing Algorithm, Least Mean Square
Algorithm, Recursive least squares algorithm. Diversity Techniques-Derivation of selection Diversity
improvement, Derivation of Maximal Ratio Combining improvement, Practical Space Diversity
Consideration-Selection Diversity, Feedback or Scanning Diversity, Maximal Ratio Combining, Equal
Gain Combining, Polarization Diversity, Frequency Diversity, Time Diversity, RAKE Receiver.

UNIT -V:
Wireless Networks: Introduction to wireless Networks, Advantages and disadvantages of Wireless
Local Area Networks, WLAN Topologies, WLAN Standard IEEE 802.11,IEEE 802.11 Medium Access
Control, Comparision of IEEE 802.11 a,b,g and n standards, IEEE 802.16 and its enhancements,
Wireless PANs, Hiper Lan, WLL.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Wireless Communications, Principles, Practice Theodore, S. Rappaport, 2
nd
Ed., 2002, PHI.
2. Wireless Communications-Andrea Goldsmith, 2005 Cambridge University Press.
3. Mobile Cellular Communication Gottapu Sasibhushana Rao, Pearson Education, 2012.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Principles of Wireless Networks Kaveh Pah Laven and P. Krishna Murthy, 2002, PE
2. Wireless Digital Communications Kamilo Feher, 1999, PHI.
3. Wireless Communication and Networking William Stallings, 2003, PHI.
4. Wireless Communication Upen Dalal, Oxford Univ. Press
5. Wireless Communications and Networking Vijay K. Gary, Elsevier.
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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year II Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

SPEECH PROCESSING
(ELECTIVE III)
UNIT I:
Fundamentals of Digital Speech Processing: Anatomy & Physiology of Speech Organs, The
process of Speech Production, Acoustic Phonetics, Articulatory Phonetics, The Acoustic Theory of
Speech Production- Uniform lossless tube model, effect of losses in vocal tract, effect of radiation at
lips, Digital models for speech signals.

UNIT II:
Ti me Domain Model s for Speech Processing: Introduction- Window considerations, Short time
energy and average magnitude Short time average zero crossing rate, Speech Vs Silence
discrimination using energy and zero crossing, Pitch period estimation using a parallel processing
approach, The short time autocorrelation function, The short time average magnitude difference
function, Pitch period estimation using the autocorrelation function.

UNIT III:
Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) Analysi s: Basic principles of Linear Predictive Analysis: The
Autocorrelation Method, The Covariance Method, Solution of LPC Equations: Cholesky
Decomposition Solution for Covariance Method, Durbins Recursive Solution for the Autocorrelation
Equations, Comparison between the Methods of Solution of the LPC Analysis Equations, Applications
of LPC Parameters: Pitch Detection using LPC Parameters, Formant Analysis using LPC
Parameters.

UNIT IV:
Homomorphic Speech Processing: Introduction, Homomorphic Systems for Convolution:
Properties of the Complex Cepstrum, Computational Considerations, The Complex Cepstrum of
Speech, Pitch Detection, Formant Estimation, The Homomorphic Vocoder.
Speech Enhancement: Nature of interfering sounds, Speech enhancement techniques: Single
Microphone Approach : spectral subtraction, Enhancement by re-synthesis, Comb filter, Wiener filter,
Multi microphone Approach.

UNIT-V:
Automatic Speech & Speaker Recognition: Basic pattern recognition approaches, Parametric
representation of speech, Evaluating the similarity of speech patterns, Isolated digit Recognition
System, Continuous digit Recognition System
Hi dden Markov Model (HMM) for Speech: Hidden Markov Model (HMM) for speech recognition,
Viterbi algorithm, Training and testing using HMMS,
Speaker Recognition: Recognition techniques, Features that distinguish speakers, Speaker
Recognition Systems: Speaker Verification System, Speaker Identification System.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Digital Processing of Speech Signals - L.R. Rabiner and S. W. Schafer. Pearson Education.
2. Speech Communications: Human & Machine - Douglas O'Shaughnessy, 2
nd
Ed., Wiley India,
2000.
3. Digital Processing of Speech Signals. L.R Rabinar and R W J haung, 1978, Pearson Education.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Discrete Time Speech Signal Processing: Principles and Practice - Thomas F.
Quateri, 1
st
Ed., PE.
2. Speech & Audio Signal Processing- Ben Gold & Nelson Morgan, 1
st
Ed., Wiley.


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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year II Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

OPTICAL NETWORKS
(ELECTIVE III)

UNIT I:
Cli ent Layers of Optical Networks: SONET / SDH Multiplexing, Frame Structure, Physical Layer,
Infrastructure, ATM Functions, Adaptation layers, QoS, Flow Control Signaling and Routing, IP
Routing, QoS, MPLS, Storage Area Networks ESCON, Fiber Channel, HIPPI, Gigabit Ethernet.

UNIT -II:
WDM network Elements and Design: Optical Line Terminals and Amplifiers, Add/Drop
Multiplexers, Optical Cross Connects, Cost trade-offs in Network Design, LTD and RWA Problems,
Dimensioning Wavelength Routing Networks, Statistical and Maximum Load Dimensioning
Models.

UNIT III:
Network Control and Management: Network Management Functions, Optical Layer Services and
Interfacing, Layers within Optical Layer, Multivendor Interoperability, Performance and Fault
Management, Configuration Management, Optical Safety.

Unit IV:
Network Survivabili ty: Basic Concepts of Survivability, Protection in SONET/SDH Links and Rings,
Protection in IP Networks, Optical Layer Protection Service Classes, Protection Schemes,
Interworking between Layers.

UNIT V:
Access Networks and Photoni c Packet Switching: Network Architecture, Enhanced HFC, FTTC,
Photonic Packet Switching OTDM, Synchronization, Header Processing, Buffering, Burst
Switching, Test Beds.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective - Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. Sivarajan, 2
nd

Ed., 2004, Elsevier Morgan Kaufmann Publishers (An Imprint of Elsevier).
2. WDM Optical Networks: Concepts, Design and Algorithms C. Siva Rama Murthy and
Mohan Guruswamy 2
nd
Ed., 2003, PEI.
3. Optical Networks: Third Generation Transport Systems Uyless Black, 2
nd
Ed., 2009, PEI.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Optical Fiber Communications: Principles and Practice J ohn.M.Senior, 2
nd
Ed.,
2000, PE.
2. Fiber Optics Communication Harold Kolimbris, 2
nd
Ed., 2004, PEI.
3. Networks Timothy S. Ramteke, 2 ed., 2004, PEI.
4. Optical Fiber Communications Govind Agarwal, 2
nd
Ed., 2004, TMH.
5. Optical Fiber Communications and Its Applications S.C.Gupta, 2004, PHI.
6. Telecommunication System Engineering Roger L.Freeman, 4
th
Ed., J ohn Wiley,
2004.
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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year II Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING
(ELECTIVE - III)
UNIT -I:
Introduction: Radar Block Diagram, Radar Equation, Information Available from Radar Echo.
Review of Radar Range Performance General Radar Range Equation, Radar Detection with Noise
J amming, Beacon and Repeater Equations, Bistatic Radar.
Matched Filter Receiver Impulse Response, Frequency Response Characteristic and its Derivation,
Matched Filter and Correlation Function, Correlation Detection and Cross-Correlation Receiver,
Efficiency of Non-Matched Filters, Matched Filter for Non-White Noise.

UNIT -II:
Detecti on of Radar Signals in Noise: Detection Criteria Neyman-Pearson Observer, Likelihood-
Ratio Receiver, Inverse Probability Receiver, Sequential Observer, Detectors Envelope Detector,
Logarithmic Detector, I/Q Detector. Automatic Detection - CFAR Receiver, Cell Averaging CFAR
Receiver, CFAR Loss, CFAR Uses in Radar. Radar Signal Management Schematics, Component
Parts, Resources and Constraints.

UNIT -III:
Waveform Selecti on [3, 2]: Radar Ambiguity Function and Ambiguity Diagram Principles and
Properties; Specific Cases Ideal Case, Single Pulse of Sine Wave, Periodic Pulse Train, Single
Linear FM Pulse, Noise Like Waveforms, Waveform Design Requirements, Optimum Waveforms for
Detection in Clutter, Family of Radar Waveforms.

UNIT -IV:
Pulse Compressi on in Radar Signals: Introduction, Significance, Types, Linear FM Pulse
Compression Block Diagram, Characteristics, Reduction of Time Side lobes, Stretch Techniques,
Generation and Decoding of FM Waveforms Block Schematic and Characteristics of Passive
System, Digital Compression, SAW Pulse Compression.

UNIT V:
Phase Codi ng Techniques: Principles, Binary Phase Coding, Barker Codes, Maximal Length
Sequences (MLS/LRS/PN), Block Diagram of a Phase Coded CW Radar.
Poly Phase Codes : Frank Codes, Costas Codes, Non-Linear FM Pulse Compression, Doppler
Tolerant PC Waveforms Short Pulse, Linear Period Modulation (LPM/HFM), Sidelobe Reduction
for Phase Coded PC Signals.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Radar Handbook - M.I. Skolnik, 2
nd
Ed., 1991, McGraw Hill.
2. Radar Design Principles : Signal Processing and The Environment - Fred E. Nathanson, 2
nd

Ed., 1999, PHI.
3. Introduction to Radar Systems - M.I. Skolnik, 3
rd
Ed., 2001, TMH.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Radar Principles - Peyton Z. Peebles, J r., 2004, J ohn Wiley.
2. Radar Signal Processing and Adaptive Systems - R. Nitzberg, 1999, Artech House.
3. Radar Design Principles - F.E. Nathanson, 1
st
Ed., 1969, McGraw Hill.

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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year II Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

NETWORK SECURITY AND CRYPTOGRAPHY
(ELECTIVE -IV)
UNIT -I:
Introduction: Attacks, Services and Mechanisms, Security attacks, Security services, A Model for
Internetwork security.
Classical Techniques: Conventional Encryption model, Steganography, Classical Encryption
Techniques.
Modern Techniques: Simplified DES, Block Cipher Principles, Data Encryption standard, Strength of
DES, Differential and Linear Cryptanalysis, Block Cipher Design Principles and Modes of operations.

UNIT -II:
Encryption Al gorithms: Triple DES, International Data Encryption algorithm, Blowfish, RC5, CAST-
128, RC2, Characteristics of Advanced Symmetric block cifers.
Conventional Encryption: Placement of Encryption function, Traffic confidentiality, Key distribution,
Random Number Generation.

UNIT -III:
Publ ic Key Cryptography: Principles, RSA Algorithm, Key Management, Diffie-Hellman Key
exchange, Elliptic Curve Cryptograpy.
Number Theory: Prime and Relatively prime numbers, Modular arithmetic, Fermats and Eulers
theorems, Testing for primality, Euclids Algorithm, the Chinese remainder theorem, Discrete
logarithms.

UNIT -IV:
Message Authentication and Hash Functions: Authentication requirements and functions,
Message Authentication, Hash functions, Security of Hash functions and MACs.
Hash and Mac Algori thms: MD File, Message digest Algorithm, Secure Hash Algorithm, RIPEMD-
160, HMAC.
Digital signatures and Authentication protocols: Digital signatures, Authentication Protocols, Digital
signature standards.
Authentication Appli cations: Kerberos, X.509 directory Authentication service.
Electronic Mail Security: Pretty Good Privacy, S/MIME.

UNIT V:
IP Securi ty: Overview, Architecture, Authentication, Encapsulating Security Payload, Combining
security Associations, Key Management. Web Security: Web Security requirements, Secure sockets
layer and Transport layer security, Secure Electronic Transaction.
Intruders, Viruses and Worms: Intruders, Viruses and Related threats.
Fi re Wall s: Fire wall Design Principles, Trusted systems.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Cryptography and Network Security: Principles and Practice - William Stallings,
Pearson Education.
2. Network Security Essentials (Applications and Standards) by William Stallings
Pearson Education.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Fundamentals of Network Security by Eric Maiwald (Dreamtech press)
2. Network Security - Private Communication in a Public World by Charlie Kaufman,
Radia Perlman and Mike Speciner, Pearson/PHI.
3. Principles of Information Security, Whitman, Thomson.
4. Network Security: The complete reference, Robert Bragg, Mark Rhodes, TMH
5. Introduction to Cryptography, Buchmann, Springer.

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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year II Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS
(ELECTIVE - IV)
UNIT -I:
Communication Satel lite: Orbit and Description: A Brief history of satellite Communication,
Satellite Frequency Bands, Satellite Systems, Applications, Orbital Period and Velocity, effects of
Orbital Inclination, Azimuth and Elevation, Coverage angle and slant Range, Eclipse, Orbital
Perturbations, Placement of a Satellite in a Geo-Stationary orbit.

UNIT -II:
Satelli te Sub-Systems: Attitude and Orbit Control system, TT&C subsystem, Attitude Control
subsystem, Power systems, Communication subsystems, Satellite Antenna Equipment.
Satelli te Link: Basic Transmission Theory, System Noise Temperature and G/T ratio, Basic Link
Analysis, Interference Analysis, Design of satellite Links for a specified C/N, (With and without
frequency Re-use), Link Budget.

UNIT -III:
Propagation Effects: Introduction, Atmospheric Absorption, Cloud Attenuation, Tropospheric and
Ionospeheric Scintillation and Low angle fading, Rain induced attenuation, rain induced cross
polarization interference.
Mul tiple Access: Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) - Intermodulation, Calculation of C/N,
Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) - Frame Structure, Burst Structure, Satellite Switched TDMA,
On-board Processing, Demand Assignment Multiple Access (DAMA) Types of Demand
Assignment, Characteristics, CDMA Spread Spectrum Transmission and Reception.

UNIT -IV:
Earth Station Technology: Transmitters, Receivers, Antennas, Tracking Systems, Terrestrial
Interface, Power Test Methods, Lower Orbit Considerations.
Satelli te Navi gation and Global Posi tioning Systems: Radio and Satellite Navigation, GPS
Position Location Principles, GPS Receivers, GPS C/A Code Accuracy, Differential GPS.

UNIT -V:
Satelli te Packet Communications: Message Transmission by FDMA: M/G/1 Queue, Message
Transmission by TDMA, PURE ALOHA-Satellite Packet Switching, Slotted Aloha, Packet
Reservation, Tree Algorithm.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Satellite Communications Timothy Pratt, Charles Bostian, J eremy Allnutt, 2
nd

Edition, 2003, J ohn Wiley & Sons.
2. Satellite Communications Engineering Wilbur, L. Pritchand, Robert A. Nelson and
Heuri G. Suyderhoud, 2
nd
Ed., Pearson Publications.
3. Digital Satellite Communications-Tri.T.Ha, 2
nd
Edition, 1990, Mc.Graw Hill.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Satellite Communications-Dennis Roddy, 2
nd
Edition, 1996, McGraw Hill.
2. Satellite Communications: Design Principles M. Richcharia, 2
nd
Ed., BSP, 2003.
3. Digital Satellite Communications Tri. T. Ha, 2
nd
Ed., MGH, 1990.
4. Fundamentals of Satellite Communications K. N. Raja Rao, PHI, 2004.
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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year II Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS AND ARCHITECTURES
(ELECTIVE -IV)
UNIT I:
Introduction to Digital Signal Processing: Introduction, A Digital signal-processing system, The
sampling process, Discrete time sequences. Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Fast Fourier
Transform (FFT), Linear time-invariant systems, Digital filters, Decimation and interpolation.
Computational Accuracy in DSP Implementations: Number formats for signals and coefficients in
DSP systems, Dynamic Range and Precision, Sources of error in DSP implementations, A/D
Conversion errors, DSP Computational errors, D/A Conversion Errors, Compensating filter.

UNIT II:
Archi tectures for Programmable DSP Devi ces: Basic Architectural features, DSP Computational
Building Blocks, Bus Architecture and Memory, Data Addressing Capabilities, Address Generation
UNIT, Programmability and Program Execution, Speed Issues, Features for External interfacing.

UNIT -III:
Programmable Digital Signal Processors: Commercial Digital signal-processing Devices, Data
Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX DSPs, Data Addressing modes of TMS320C54XX Processors,
Memory space of TMS320C54XX Processors, Program Control, TMS320C54XX instructions and
Programming, On-Chip Peripherals, Interrupts of TMS320C54XX processors, Pipeline operation of
TMS320C54XX Processors.

UNIT IV:
Anal og Devices Fami ly of DSP Devices: Analog Devices Family of DSP Devices ALU and MAC
block diagram, Shifter Instruction, Base Architecture of ADSP 2100, ADSP-2181 high performance
Processor.
Introduction to Blackfin Processor - The Blackfin Processor, Introduction to Micro Signal Architecture,
Overview of Hardware Processing Units and Register files, Address Arithmetic Unit, Control Unit, Bus
Architecture and Memory, Basic Peripherals.

UNIT V:
Interfacing Memory and I/O Peripheral s to Programmable DSP Devi ces: Memory space
organization, External bus interfacing signals, Memory interface, Parallel I/O interface, Programmed
I/O, Interrupts and I/O, Direct memory access (DMA).

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Digital Signal Processing Avtar Singh and S. Srinivasan, Thomson Publications, 2004.
2. A Practical Approach to Digital Signal Processing - K Padmanabhan, R. Vijayarajeswaran,
Ananthi. S, New Age International, 2006/2009
3. Embedded Signal Processing with the Micro Signal Architecture
Publisher: Woon-Seng Gan, Sen M. Kuo, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2007

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Digital Signal Processors, Architecture, Programming and Applications B. Venkataramani
and M. Bhaskar, 2002, TMH.
2. Digital Signal Processing J onatham Stein, 2005, J ohn Wiley.
3. DSP Processor Fundamentals, Architectures & Features Lapsley et al. 2000, S. Chand &
Co.
4. Digital Signal Processing Applications Using the ADSP-2100 Family by The Applications
Engineering Staff of Analog Devices, DSP Division, Edited by Amy Mar, PHI
5. The Scientist and Engineer's Guide to Digital Signal Processing by Steven W. Smith, Ph.D.,
California Technical Publishing, ISBN 0-9660176-3-3, 1997
6. Embedded Media Processing by David J . Katz and Rick Gentile of Analog Devices, Newnes ,
ISBN 0750679123, 2005
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M. Tech. (ECE /DECE/DECS)-R13 Regulations

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
M. Tech. I Year II Sem (ECE /DECE/DECS)

ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS LAB

Note:
A. Minimum of 10 Experiments have to be conducted
B. All Experiments may be Simulated using MATLAB and to be verified using related
training kits.

1. Measurement of Bit Error Rate using Binary Data
2. Verification of minimum distance in Hamming code
3. Determination of output of Convolutional Encoder for a given sequence
4. Determination of output of Convolutional Decoder for a given sequence
5. Efficiency of DS Spread- Spectrum Technique
6. Simulation of Frequency Hopping (FH) system
7. Effect of Sampling and Quantization of Digital Image
8. Verification of Various Transforms (FT / DCT/ Walsh / Hadamard) on a given
Image ( Finding Transform and Inverse Transform)
9. Point, Line and Edge detection techniques using derivative operators.
10. Implementation of FIR filter using DSP Trainer Kit (C-Code/ Assembly code)
11. Implementation of IIR filter using DSP Trainer Kit (C-Code/ Assembly code)
12. Determination of Losses in Optical Fiber
13. Observing the Waveforms at various test points of a mobile phone using
Mobile Phone Trainer
14. Study of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Modulation & Demodulation
using CDMA-DSS-BER Trainer
15. Study of ISDN Training System with Protocol Analyzer
16. Characteristics of LASER Diode.



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