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Chapter 7 - Urinary System

The kidneys filter waste from the bloodstream to form urine. They maintain water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance and produce hormones like renin, erythropoietin, and vitamin D. Urine is formed when blood is filtered by the glomeruli in the kidneys into Bowman's capsules and then travels through renal tubules to the renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra to exit the body. The document defines various medical terms related to conditions, procedures, and structures of the urinary system.

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455 views

Chapter 7 - Urinary System

The kidneys filter waste from the bloodstream to form urine. They maintain water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance and produce hormones like renin, erythropoietin, and vitamin D. Urine is formed when blood is filtered by the glomeruli in the kidneys into Bowman's capsules and then travels through renal tubules to the renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra to exit the body. The document defines various medical terms related to conditions, procedures, and structures of the urinary system.

Uploaded by

api-19824406
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Chapter 7

Urinary System
The Language of Medicine

When proteins combine with oxygen they


produce nitrogenous wastes that consist of urea,
creatinine and uric acids.

The kidneys
- filter nitrogenous wastes to form urine
(water, salts and acids)
- maintain proper balance of water,
electrolytes and acids
- secretes renin which is important for
adjusting blood pressure
- secrete erythropoietin (stimulates production
of red blood cells)
- secrete vitamin D for absorption of calcium
from the intestine
- degrade and extract parathyroid and insulin
hormones
Production of urine:

Aorta - renal arteries - arterioles - capillaries -


(glomerulus) filteration (water, sugar, salt, urea,
creatinine and uric acid) - bowman capsule
(surrounding each glomerulus) - renal tubule
( glomerulus +renal tublule = nephron) renal
tubules – renal pelvis – calyces or calices (small
cuplike regions of the renal pelvis) -ureters -
urinary bladder – urethra – urinary meatus

Caliectasis
Dilation of the calyx (cup-like collecting region of
the renal pelvis)

Caliceal
Pertaining to the calyx

Cystitis
Inflammation of the urinary bladder

Cystectomy
Excision of the urinary bladder

Cystostomy
Surgical Opening of the urinary bladder to the
outside of the body
Glomerular
Pertaining to the glomerulus

Meatal stenosis
Narrowing of the meatus

Meatotomy
Incision of the meatus

Paranephric
Pertaining to near the kidney

Nephropathy
Disease condition of the kidney

Nephroptosis
Abnormal descent/sagging of a kidney into the
pelvis on standing

Nephrolithotomy
Incision of a kidney to remove a stone

Nephrosclerosis
Hardening of arteries in a kidney
Hydronephrosis
Swelling/distention of the renal pelvis and calices
with urine due to obstruction of a ureter

Nephrostomy
Opening from the kidney to the outside of the
body

Pyelolithotomy
Incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone

Pyelogram
Record of the renal pelvis and ureters after
injecting a contrast material

Renal ischemia
Deficiency of blood flow to a kidney due to
obstruction of arteries

Renal colic
Kidney pain because of inflammation or calculi in
a kidney or a ureter

Trigonitis
Inflammation of the trigone (region of the
bladder)
Uretroplasty
Surgical repair of a ureter

Ureterolithotomy
Incision of a ureter to remove a stone

Uretroileostomy
A new opening of the ureters to an isolated
portion of the ileum that has been removed and
connected to the outside of the body for passage of
urine to the outside of the body when the urinary
bladder is not functioning

Urethritis
Inflammation of the urethra

Urethroplasty
Surgical repair of the urethra

Urethral stricture
Abnormal narrowing of the urethra

Perivesical
Pertaining to around the urinary bladder

Vesicoureteral reflux
Backflow of urine from the bladder into the
ureters
Albuminuria
Presence of albumin in urine

Azotemia
An excess of urea or other nitrogenous compounds
in the blood; also called uremia

Bacteriuria
The presence of bacteria in the urine

Polydipsia
Excessive thirst

Ketosis
Accumulation of excessive amounts of ketone
bodies in the blood and tissues

Ketonuria
An excess of ketone bodies in the urine

Nephrolithiasis
The presence of stones in a kidney

Nocturia
Excessive urination at night
Oliguria
Scanty urination

Erythropoietin
A hormone produced by the kidneys that
stimulate formation of red blood cells

Pyuria
Pus in the urine

Lithotripsy
Crushing a calculus within the urinary tract or
gallbladder

Uremia
Excessive urea in the blood

Enuresis
A condition of bedwetting
Diuresis
Increased excretion of urine (polyuria)

Antidiuretic hormone
A hormone that causes suppression of urine

Urinary incontinence
Inability to control urination
Urinary retention
Accumulation of urine within the bladder because
of inability to urinate

Dysuria
Painful urination

Anuria
No urination

Hematuria
Blood in the urine

Glycosuria
The presence of glucose in the urine

Polyuria
Excessive urination

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