Japanese Verbs and Adjectives
Japanese Verbs and Adjectives
Japanese Verbs and Adjectives
ADJECTIVES
ii adjectives modifying a noun: add i omoshiroi eiga
na adjectives modifying a noun: add na genkina sensei
Conjugation affirmative negative
ii adjectives present oishii desu oishiku arimasen
past oishikatta desu oishiku arimasendeshita
Exception: ii present ii desu yoku amarimasen
past yokatta desu yoku arimasendeshita
na adjectives present genki desu genki ja arimasen
past genki deshita genki ja arimasendeshita
It looks like or something seemingly has properties
ii adjectives drop i, add s desu oishi s desu
exception ii yosa s desu
na adjectives drop na, add s desu genki s desu
!"entuk negative menjadi nai to nasa se"elum s desu#
VERBS
$er" ta"eru kau
%oot ta"e kai
&resent ta"emasu kaimasu
&resent 'egative ta"emasen kaimasen
have not( yet mada( ) 'eg mada( ta"emasen mada( kaimasen
*hanges and activities
+hy dont ,e- &res 'eg ) ka ta"emasenka kaimasenka
.ets( &res ) mash ta"emash kaimash
/hall ,e##- .et me do( &res ) mashka ta"emashka kaimashka
&ro"a"ly( $er" ) desh ta"eru desh kau desh
0lso: *hecking for agreement
!ie you understand *hinese, right-1
*autious prediction $er" ) dar ta"eru dar kau dar
!ie I think ( ,ould "e interested in(1
2uestion on ones opinion $er" ) deshka ta"eru deshka kau deshka
!ie +hich is more difficult-1
TE forms (forma!
%3 ver"s 45 remove ru and add te ta"eru 45 ta"ete
3 ver"s 45 remove ru6, u, tsu and add tte kau 45 katte, matsu 45 matte, toru 45 totte
45 remove mu, "u, nu and add nde yomu 45 yonde, oso"u 45 osonde, shinu 45 shinde
45 remove ku and add ite kaku 45 kaite !Exception: iku 45 itte1
45 remove gu and add ide oyogu 45 oyoide
45 remove su and add shite hanasu 45 hanashite
Irregular: suru 45 shite kuru 45 kite
6 If vo,el "efore ru is a, o, or u, its a 3 ver"# If vo,el is i or e, could "e %3 or 3 ver"#
&lease do for me( 7e ) kudasai ta"ete kudasai katte kudasai
8ou may do( 7e ) mo ii desu ta"ete moiidesu katte moiidesu
8ou may not do( 7e ) ,a ikemasen ta"ete ,a ikemasen katta ,a ikemasen
9o : or more activities 7e ) other ver" ta"ete, nomimasu katte, urimasu !sell1
&ast event connected to 7e ) iru ta"eteimasu katteimasu
present, or action occurring no, is eating is "uying
7rying something( 7e ) miru !to see1 ta"etemiru kattemiru
0n action performed in 7e ) oku ta"ete oku katte oku
preparation for something.
7e forms for ii adj adj ) kute oishikute
Irregular ii yokute
na adj adj ) de genkide
noun ) desu noun ) de nihonjinde
Verb stems ta"emasu kaimasu
&urpose of movement stem ) ni ) move ver" ta"e ni ikemasu kai ni ikemasu
go to eat go to "uy
;ope or aspiration stem ) tai desu ta"etai desu kaitai desu
I ,ant to do(
7hey ,ant to do( stem ) tagatteimasu ta"etagatteimasu kaitagatteimasu
*onjugates as ii adj: ta"etaku aremasen kaitaku arimasen
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