A2 Revision Aid
A2 Revision Aid
A2 Revision Aid
A2
SPANISH
REVISION AID
1) Make sure your notes are ALL ORGANISED - including your notes from AS
a) TOPIC notes - vocabulary etc all into topic areas (see A2 contexts for study on
page 2, AS contexts for study you have from the AS revision day in January)
b) GRAMMAR notes - you should have a separate file for grammar, make sure you
tick off all the grammar sections as you learn them. You have loads of practice
on grammar topics but extra exercises will be e-mailed to you or check the
wikipage http://spanishatstmalachys.wikispaces.com . YOU MUST KNOW
YOUR GRAMMAR!
c) COMO AGUA PARA CHOCOLATE - you have your CAPC booklet and your
chapter summaries, chapter vocabulary and exercises. Also make sure you have
all your practice essays, essay mark scheme and sample A grade essay. You
must know the book, the characters, the themes etc.
d) ORAL DISCUSSION - SOLAS. Again you have your booklet on Solas. Make
sure you are fully prepared for the oral discussion, use your time with Senora
Serrano effectively.
e) Use all past paper practice wisely and use them when you are revising. Make
sure you know the timing and requirements of all sections of the exam.
WHAT CAN I DO TO REVISE?
Revise key vocabulary from the topics covered throughout the year.
Look through previous Listening, Reading and Writing practice, especially past
papers.
Revise verbs, tenses and grammar points covered this year (see list later in
this revision aid)
Use useful revision sites given to you earlier in the year. Remember your
independent reading and listening
Practise translation from English to Spanish - see page 12 - 20
ST MALACHYS COLLEGE
ST MALACHYS COLLEGE
ST MALACHYS COLLEGE
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Poblacin
mundial
27%
17%
3%
17%
4%
Cuota del
ingreso
6%
11%
3%
49%
4%
Tipo de
economa
Pases en
desarrollo
Reciente
industrializaci
n
Pases
industriales
Pases
ST MALACHYS COLLEGE
ST MALACHYS COLLEGE
ST MALACHYS COLLEGE
ST MALACHYS COLLEGE
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Part(s) of
Speech
Nouns
Articles
Adjectives
Examples
gender
singular and plural nouns
definite and indefinite
(including lo plus adjective
agreement
position
apocopation (buen, mal)
comparative and superlative
demonstrative (este, ese,
aquel)
indefinite (alguno, cualquiera,
otro)
possessive (long and short
forms) (mi, mo)
interrogative (cunto, qu)
relative (cuyo)
exclamatory (qu
comparative and superlative
interrogative ( cmo, cundo,
dnde)
(muy, bastante, poco, mucho)
subject
object: direct and indirect
position and order
reflexive
Adverbs
Quantifiers/
intensifiers
Pronouns
Pronouns
(cont.)
Completed?
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Verbs
cual)
disjunctive/emphatic
demonstrative (ste, se,
aqul, esto, eso, aquello)
indefinite (algo, alguien)
possessive (el mo, la ma)
interrogative (cul, qu, quin)
regular and irregular forms of
verbs, including reflexive verbs
modes of address (t, usted)
radical-changing verbs
impersonal verbs
verbs followed by an infinitive
(with or without a preposition)
perfect infinitive
negative forms
interrogative forms
reflexive constructions (se
vende, se nos dice que)
uses of ser and estar
tenses:
- present
- preterite
- imperfect
- future
- conditional
- perfect
- future perfect
- conditional perfect
- pluperfect
passive voice:
- present and preterite
tenses
- other tenses
continuous tenses
imperative
gerund
past participle
subjunctive mood:
- present
11
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Prepositions
Conjunctions
Number,
quantity and
time
perfect
imperfect
pluperfect
uses of subjunctive:
- polite commands;
negative commands;
after verbs of wishing,
command, request,
emotion;
- to express purpose (para
que)
- to express
possibility/impossibility
after conjunctions of
time (cuando lleguemos);
in conditional sentences
after si
all other common uses
personal a
uses of por and para
common, including y, pero, o,
porque, como, cuando
constructions with hace and
desde hace
The examples in italics are indicative, not exclusive. For structures marked (R),
receptive knowledge is only required.
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A2 Translation Spanish
1.
2.
desde hace
I have had this car for three months
= Tengo este coche desde hace tres meses
We have been friends for fifteen years
= Somos amigos desde hace quince aos
I had been smoking for five years
= Llevaba fumando cinco aos / fumaba desde haca cinco aos
3.
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Lo + adjective (thething)
The worst thing was that we couldnt eat or drink
= Lo peor era que no pudimos / podamos comer o/ni beber
que or lo que
que that, which, who
lo que what, the thing that, which
7.
cuanto ms ms
The more I go to the gym, the quicker I run a kilometre
= Cuanto ms voy al gimnasio ms rpido corro
The more we use renewable energy, the more we reduce global warming
= Cuanto ms usamos energa renovable ms reducimos el cambio
climtico
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8.
al + infinitive
as he left the bank, he dropped an envelope
= Al salir del banco, se le cay el sobre
on seeing me, she burst into tears
= Al verme, se puso a llorar
9.
deber (de)
there must be some mistake
= Debe de haber algn error
we must have waited for 3 hours
= Debimos de esperar (durante) 3 horas
10.
11.
tanto..como
nobody is perfect. Both the English and the Spanish have their faults
= nadie es perfecto. Tanto los ingleses como los espaoles tienen defectos
12.
apenas hardly
I was so frightened I could hardly speak
= Estaba tan asustado que apenas poda hablar.
13.
subjunctive phrases
Its not that this lesson is boring, but it is period 5 on Friday
= no es que sus clases sean aburridas, en que hay period 5 el viernes
I dont think that Gordon Brown will win the next election
= No creo que GB gane las siguientes elecciones.
I hope that Miss Devaux has an excellent weekend
= Espero que La Seorita Devaux tenga un fin de semana excelente
Its vital that the government implement measures against violence in
schools
= es vital / esencial que el gobierno implante medidas en contra de la
violencia en las escuelas.
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A2 Translation Spanish
Top Ten Translation Traps
1.
The Subjunctive
A quick reminder.
Wishes, desires, orders
querer, decir, preferir, desear, gusta, esperar
Emotions
Estar enfadado que, Me alegro mucho de que..
Impersonal expressions
Es importante que, es terrible que, es una vergenza que
Recommendations and suggestions
Recomiendo que, sugiero que, aconsejo que
Doubt and verbs of belief used negatively
Dudo que, no creo que, no estoy cierto, no es verdad
Ojal
Ojal que ganen
Check the list of phrases that go with the subjunctive as well to remind you.
2.
If.Clauses
a) IF.the action is likely or probable, use.
PRESENT PRESENT/FUTURE
eg.
Si vienes, podemos salir para cenar
Si vienes, trae vino
Si vienes te invitar a cenar
b) IFthe possibility is remote or hypothetical, use
IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE (after si)CONDITIONAL
eg.
Si vinieras, te invitara a cenar
Si hubieras venido, te habra invitado a cenar
c) COMO SI..as if.always use
A PAST SUBJUNCTIVE
eg.
Marta habla francs como si fuera francesa
d) OJAL.I hope, if only, I wish
ANY SUBJUNCTIVE
Ojal que no vengan!
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3.
R elationship
madre)
D escription
(Ella es
alta)
O ccupation
(Soy profesora)
C haracteristic
(El es simptico)
T ime/Date
(Son las ocho,
hoy es el ocho de julio)
O rigin
(Soy de
Londres)
(Ella es mi
4.
El a personal
People
Busco al dependiente.
Miro al primo de Mauricio.
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5.
6.
Spanish Pronouns
Dire
Indire
ct
Possessi
Subject
ct
obje
ve
object
ct
Yo
me
T
te
l
lo
Ella
la
Usted lo, la
Nosotro
nos
s
Ellos
los
Ellas
las
los,
Ustedes
las
Reflexi
ve
Prepositio
nal
Reciproc
al
me
te
le
le
le
mi
tu
su
su
su
me
te
se
se
se
m
ti
l
ella
usted
nos
nuestro
nos
nosotros
nos
les
les
su
su
se
se
ellos
ellas
se
se
les
su
se
ustedes
se
7.
Conjunctions
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Passive Voice
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alguno/algn
bueno/buen
malo/mal
ninguno/ningn
primero/primer
uno/un
Santo/San (only for masculine Saints)
In front of masculine and feminine nouns
grande/gran
cualquiera/cualquier
Plural
Adjective
Punctuation
Accent
Verb ending:
regular verb
Verb: irregular
or wrong verb
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10
11
Tense:
-Present : pst ;
- Conditional :
cond
- Future : fut ;
- Preterite:
pret;
- Imperfect
tense : impf
- Subjunctive
present : Sub
pst
- Subj.
Imperfect : sub
impf
Infinitive
13
Sentence
doesnt make
sense
Word(s)
missing
Word order
14
Wrong word
15
SER / ESTAR
16
POR / PARA
17
Preposition
12
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VOCABULARIO
LA CONTAMINACIN
Espaol
Ingls
Espaol
Ingls
effluent
Residuo nuclear
nuclear waste
ms
Petrleo ms
Gasolina fs
Marea negra fs
petroleum
petrol
Oil, tar
CFCs
Alquitrn ms
Daar
carbon dioxide
coast
pollutant
to pollute
exhaust gases
oil slick
mpl
Plomo ms
CFC, clorofluorocarbono
lead
mpl
Dixido de carbono ms
to harm
ms
Huella de carbon fs
Lluvia cida fs
carbon gases
climate change
ms
environmental
footprint
carbon footprint
acid rain
Agujero ms
hole
Aerosol ms
aerosol
Combustible ms
fuel
Cambio climtico
car-sharing
chemicals
hydrocarbons
Va fluvial fs, va fs o
canal ms navegable
Ro ms
waterways
Ro mayor ms
main river
river
Vertido, derrame
ms
Derramar, verter
Contaminacin
acstica fs
Emitir
spillage
Ensuciar,
manchar
Contaminar
to soil
Prejudicial
harmful
Sin plomo
unleaded
Txico,-a
Emitir, echar,
verter
Gasoil, gasleo
toxic
to spill, release
noise pollution
to release
to contaminate
to discharge
diesel
ms
Biodegradable
biodegradable
Residuos (toxic),
desechos
(rubbish) mpl
Trfico
rodado/areo ms
Nmero total de
coches ms
Sequa fs
Waste
Derretimiento de
los casquetes
polares ms
Road/air traffic
total number of
cars
drought
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Radioactivo,-a
radioactive
Ola de calor fs
heatwave
LAS ENERGAS
Espaol
Ingls
Espaol
Ingls
Energa fs
Recursos mpl
energy
resources
aislamiento ms
Poltica de
compromiso
total contra la
energa nuclear
insulation
policy of total
commitment to
nuclear energy
fs
Acabar, gastar
Utilizar, usar
to use up
to use
Carbn ms
coal
Agotar
to exhaust
inagotable
Dixido de carbono ms
inexhaustible
Agotamiento ms
Subministro de
energa ms
Aumento de
precios fs
Poltica
energtica fs
Escasez fs
Eficiente
Dique ms, presa
exhaustion
carbon dioxide
carbon gases
Gases de carbon mpl,
anhdrico carbnico ms
Huella medioambiental fs environmental
footprint
carbon footprint
Huella de carbon fs
wind energy
Energa elica fs
wind farm
Zonas elicas ms
energy supply
price increase
energy policy
scarcity
efficient
dam
fs
Turbina elica fs
wind turbine
Dar lugar a
to bring about
Solar
solar
to waste
Removable
renewable
No removable
non-renewable
Desperdiciar,
malgastar
Basura fs,
desperdicios,
residuos mpl
Oleoducto ms
De energa
A corto plazo
of energy
gaseoducto ms
Cao ms, tubera
gas pipeline
short term
waste
oil pipeline
pipeline
fs
A largo plazo
Panel solar ms
long term
Panel fotovoltaico ms
photo-voltaic
panel
solar panel
Crecimiento ms
Venir de,
provenir
Reserva (de
petrleo) fs
growth
to come from
deposit (e.g. of
oil)
23
ST MALACHYS COLLEGE
Geotrmico,-a
geothermic
Reactor ms
reactor
Maremoto
tidal
Compaa elctrica fs
Electricity
company
waves
Calefaccin por
petrleo fs
Calefaccin
Oriente Medio
middle-east
heating
ms
to have
(availabl
e)
North Sea
ms
Ingls
Espaol
Ingls
Cambio climtico ms
Calentamiento global ms
Efecto invernadero ms
Huella de carbono fs
Casquete glaciar ms
Nivel del mar ms
climate change
global warming
Mercado ms
Medioambiental
Negar
Escptico,-a
Encogerse
Aumentar
market
environmental
Efecto ms
Dixido de carbono ms
effect
temperature
carbon dioxide
Temperatura fs
A nivel mundial
Metano ms
methane
De media
on a worldwide
scale
average
Sostenible, equilibrado
sustainable
Deforestacin fs
deforestation
Sostenibilidad, equilibrio
sustainability
Especie fs
species
scientific
consensus
to preserve
En peligro
in danger
Amenazar
threat
Supervivencia fs
survival
Consenso
cientfico ms
Conservar,
proteger
Protestar,
impugnar
Retroceso de los
glaciares ms,
desaparicin de
los glaciares fs
Grupo de presin
greenhouse effect
carbon footprint
polar icecaps
sea-level
to deny
skeptical
to shrink
to rise
to contest
glacier retreat
pressure group
ms
En peligro
De caza
endangered
Explotacin fs
exploitation
Tratado ms
treaty
Edad de hielo fs
ice age
Protocol ms
protocol
Crculo ms
cycle
Pacto ms
agreement
Fluctuacin fs
fluctuation
hunting
Desaparecer
Refrigeracin fs,
enfriamiento ms
to disappear
cooling
ice sampling
24
ST MALACHYS COLLEGE
Ratificar
to ratify
Aumentar
rise
Dixido de nitrgeno ms
nitrogen dioxide
Datos mpl,
informacin fs
data
LA INMIGRACIN
Espaol
Ingls
Espaol
Ingls
Inmigrante ms
immigrant
new arrival
Emigrar
to emigrate
Recin llegado,
nueva llegada
Chabolas fpl
Emigrante ms
emigrant
heritage
Inmigracin fs
De origen inmigrante
immigration
Patrimonio ms
(cultural) o
herencia fs
(dinero
Diversidad fs
Estilo de vida ms
Recibir, dar la
bienvenida a
Huir
to receive,
welcome
to flee
Centro de
acogida ms
reception
centre
shanty town
diversity
Asilo politico ms
of immigrant
origin
national,
immigrant
second
generation
immigrants
political asylum
Antigua colonia fs
former colony
Refugiarse en
to take refuge
colono ms
colonist
Gueto ms
ghetto
Pas receptor ms
host country
Marroqu
Moroccan
Pluriempleo ms
moonlighting
Tunecino
Tunisian
border
Argelino
Algerian
Inmigracin illegal fs
illegal
immigration
illegal immigrant
eastern Europe
Ilegal, sin
papeles
Raza fs
Nativo,
autctono ms
tnico
illegal, without
papers
race
ethnicity
Nacional, inmigrante
Segunda generacin de
inmigrantesfs
Inmigrante illegal
way of life
Refugiado ms
Buscador de asilo ms
refugee
De
from
Creciente
rising
Decreciente
falling
Etnicidad fs,
origen tnico ms
Minora tnica fs
Afluencia, llegada fs
influx
Origen ms
origin
Ola de inmigracin fs
wave of
immigration
Extranjero
foreign
asylum seeker
native born
ethnic
ethnic minority
25
ST MALACHYS COLLEGE
LA INTEGRACIN
Espaol
Ingls
Espaol
Ingls
Integrar
to integrate
Multicultural
multicultural
Integracin fs
integration
multiculturalism
Integrar
to integrate
Establecerse
to settle
Multiculturalism
o ms
Diversidad
social fs
Proceso ms
Documento nacional de
identidad, D.N.I ms
Nacionalizado
I.D. card
Valor ms
value
naturalized
Formacin
training
Adquirir
to acquire
Asimilar
to assimilate
Nacionalidad fs
nationality
Ciudadano ms
citizen
Comunidad fs
community
Ciudadana fs
citizenship
Pertenecer a
to belong to
Estructura social fs
social fabric
Procedencia
social fs
social
background
Reconocimiento ms
recognition
schooling
Estigmatizar
to stigmatize
Marginalizar
to marginalise
Educacin fs,
estudios ms
Fracaso en el
colegio, fracaso
escolar ms
secularidad fs
Inestabilidad laboral fs
Trabajo inseguro
Adaptarse a
job insecurity
Velo islmico ms
Derecho ms
Deber
islamic veil
Asociacin de inmigrantes
fs
immigrant
association
view of
integration
Compromiso ms
commitment
Punto de vista
en cuanto a la
integracin ms
Exigencia fs
Pertenecer a
to belong to
Hbitos mpl,
costumbres fpl
customs, habits
social diversity
process
ms
insecure job
to adapt to
failure at school
secularism
right
duty
demand
EL RACISMO
Espaol
Ingls
Espaol
Ingls
Racismo ms
racism
Estar
perjudicado por
to be
prejudiced
26
ST MALACHYS COLLEGE
Racista ms
racist
Perjuicio ms
prejudice
Xenofobia fs
xenophobia
Estereotipo
stereotype
Xenfobo ms
xenophobe
Discriminacin
discrimination
fs
Miedo ms
desigualdad fs
fear
anti-racism
inequality
Anti-racista
Luchar en
contra de
Intolerancia fs
intolerance
Igualdad ls
equality
Intolerable
intolerant
Grupo antiracista ms
anti racist
group
Extremista
extremist
Criticar
to criticise
gang
Lucha fs
fight
Ataque racista ms
racist attack
Luchar,
combatir
to fight,
combat
Atacar, asaltar
attack, mugging
Luchar en
contra de
to fight
against
Insultos mpl
insults
Insultar
to insult
Comportamiento ms
behaviour
Antiseminismo
anti-Semitism
ms
to fight
against
ms
Musulmn,-ana
muslim
Judo,-a
Jewish
Provocar
Desatar
to stir up
Amenazar
De raza mixta
to threaten
Partidario de/hincha de
supporter of
human rights
Provocar
to provoke
Derechos
humanos mpl
Condenar
to unleash
of mixed race
to condemn
RIQUEZA Y POBREZA
Espaol
Ingls
Espaol
Ingls
economa fs
economy
calidad de vida fs
quality of life
comercio, negocio ms
trade, business
nivel de vida ms
standard of
living
deuda fs
debt
deprived
Endeudado,-a
Estar endeudado,-a
in debt
Necesitado,
desventajado
enriquecer(se)
empobrecer(se)
to be in debt
to make rich
to impoverish
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ST MALACHYS COLLEGE
crecimiento ms
growth
subsidio ms
subsidy
permitirse
the haves
and havenots
to afford
erradicar
deficiencia fs
Hambre,
hambruna fs
to eradicate
pobreza fs
poverty
pobreza
poverty
developing
country
gap
adinerado
well-off
pas en vas de
desarrollo ms
Intrvalo, hueco
ms, distancia fs
endmico
destitution
desequilibrado,
desigual
desigualdad de
oportunidades
Vasto, grande,
amplio, extensor
Impuesto sobre la
renta ms
tasar
unequal
personas sin
techo, los sin
techo mpl
recesin fs
homeless
people
fs
to deprive
lack, shortage
Apoyo ms
support
apoyar
to support
analfabetismo ms
illiteracy
Analfabeto,-a ms
illiterate
deficiency
famine,
hunger
endemic
inequality of
opportunity
widespread
income tax
to tax
recession
EL ORDEN PBLICO
Espaol
Ingls
Espaol
Ingls
ley fs y orden ms
traficante ms
trafficker
inseguridad fs
insecurity
drug dealer
delincuencia fs
delinquency
Traficante de
drogas,
narcotraficante ms
crimen ms
violacin fs
rape
comportamiento
criminal ms
criminal
behaviour
asesinato ms
murder
criminal ms
criminel
riot
Pegar un tiro a
to shoot
(dead)
manifestacin
demonstration
disparar
to shoot
luchar
fight
prender fuego a
to set fire to
crime
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ST MALACHYS COLLEGE
robo ms
theft
pirmano ms
arsonist
armed robbery
corrupto,-a
corrupt
hurto ms
shop lifting
Polica, poli ms
cop
burglary
fuerzas de la ley y
el orden fpl
forces of law
and order
secuestrar
kidnapping
arrestar, detener
to arrest
vandalismo ms
vandalism
estar detenido,-a
extorsin fs
extorsion
vctima fs
victim
Detener bajo
custodia
Cdigo penal ms
to be under
arrest
to hold in
custody
penal code
muerte fs
death
encarcelar
to imprison
matn ms
thug
corte ms
court
llevar a juicio
to take to
court
to condemn
intento de asesinato ms
trfico de drogas,
narcotrfico ms
murder attempt
drug traffic
condenar
pena de muerte fs
cadena perptua
life imprisonment
prueba fs
death
penalty
evidence,
proof
READING COMPREHENSION
PRACTICE
TRANSLATION INTO SPANISH
EXAM TECHNIQUE
29
ST MALACHYS COLLEGE
El multiculturalismo
A. Qu es el multiculturalismo? Escribe una definicin:
.................................................................................................................................
.....................................
.................................................................................................................................
.....................................
B.
ST MALACHYS COLLEGE
31
ST MALACHYS COLLEGE
EXAMEN DE TRADUCCIN A2
TOPIC: DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
there are indeed options: the victim can report the abuse,
separate and/or divorce, she does not have to risk her life,
bear the blows, insults and threats. It is, without a doubt, a
social challenge that highlights the situation of inequality and
discrimination that women live.
32
ST MALACHYS COLLEGE
33
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