M. Ion Exchange

1
Ion Exchange
Nalco Indonesia ~
Power Industry Seminar
Pullman, Central Park ~ Jakarta

13-14 June 2012
Ion Exchange Application in Power Plant
Mixed Bed/Demineralization
Condensate Polisher
Stator Cooler Generator
Definition of Ion Exchange
The reversible transfer of ion between a solid and a liquid

without change in the structure of the solid
Only dissolved ions participate in ion exchange, other

contaminants may be filtered or absorbed
Ion Exchange Process

Cation Resin :
+
H
Resin
Service
Resin
+ Cation
Water
Cation
+H
Water
Regeneration
Anion Resin :
_
OH
Service
Resin
Resin
+ Anion
Water
Anion
Regeneration
+ OH
Water
Ion Exchange Process
+ OH
H 2O
Demin water
(High purity water)
Resin Type
GEL TYPE RESIN
Physical strength depend on the percentage

of Divinylbenzene (DVB).
Exchange capacity higher.
MACROPOROUS TYPE RESIN
Harder & stronger resin more resistant to

oxidative and physical stress attack.
Exchange capacity lower.
UPS VS NON UPS RESIN
Summary of Ion Exchange Resin and

Effects
Effect of Temperature

Effects
Effect of Oxidation
10

Effects
Effect of Foulants
11
Nalco capability :
Supply Resin
Resin Analysis (Chemical &

Physical Properties)
Chemical : Resin Cleaner
Audit for Demin Plant

Improvement
Chemical package for

regeneration (with value added
service)
12
Resin Analysis
Resin Analysis will analyzed :
Chemical properties - the capacity of the resin to remove ions
Physical properties - the percentage of whole, cracked and

broken resin beads
Mix - the percentage of cations and anions
Regeneration Efficiency (if applicable)
Organic Fouling (if applicable)
Some things you may learn from a resin analysis:
Whether total replacement of the resin bed is necessary
Whether a problem is due to poor resin condition or operational

problems
How much longer the resin should last if operating conditions

remain constant
Whether or not to "top off" the resin bed
Efficiency of the regeneration process
If the ratio of cation resin to anion resin in a mixed bed unit is

correct
13
Resin Analysis
14
Resin Analysis
15
Nalco Resin Cleaner
NALCLEAN 8900, its effective for removing fouling (organic &

inorganic)
NALCLEAN 8940, its effective to remove scaling
NALCO RESIN RINSE 7290 E, used to remove insoluble matter from

the surface of cation exchange resins, remove of organic matter,
such as humates, lignins, tannins and some fatty acids, removes the
hydrophobic bacterial slime layer that is often the result of organic
contamination
Best Practices Regeneration

BACKWASH
To separate cation and anion resin
To remove broken resin
To remove suspended solid
Please check for resin manufacture standard for backwash.
Be careful for resin comes out from during backwash step.
16

BACKWASH
Freeboard
Monitor highest anion resin level during backwash
Monitor interface cation & anion resin during backwash
Sight Glass
Ion Exchange Resin Bed
Monitor interface cation & anion resin after backwash
17

REGENERATION
To recover resin performance (after exhaustion) with replacing

anion & cation which absorbed by anion and cation resin with HCl
or H2SO4 for cation resin & NaOH for anion resin
3 type for regeneration process (based on regenerant injection mode) :
1. Co-current - countercurrent
2. Co-current Co-current
3. Simultan
18

CO-CURRENT CO-CURRENT
Caustic Injection
Acid Injection
NaOH
solution
(4 5 %)
Middle
out
line
Drain out
Demin
water (for
balancing)
Middle
out
line
Demin
water (for
balancing)
HCl solution
(4 5 %)
Drain out
19

CO-CURRENT COUNTERCURRENT
Caustic Injection
Acid Injection
NaOH
solution
(4 5 %)
Middle
out
line
Drain out
Demin
water (for
balancing)
Middle
out
line
Demin
water (for
balancing)
Drain out
HCl solution
(4 5 %)
20

SIMULTAN
Caustic & Acid Injection
NaOH
solution
(4 5 %)
Middle
out
line
Drain out
HCl solution
(4 5 %)
21

SLOW RINSE
To penetrate regenerant into pore resin bead
22

FAST RINSE
To remove residual regenerant from cation & anion resin (or

prevent regenerant cross contaminant which can reduce cycle
time of mixed bed)
23
24

How to evaluation fast rinsing step
Conductivity water inlet & water outlet (during fast rinse) should be nearly.
Water Inlet
Water Outlet
Conductivity Monitoring during anion fast rinse

3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
29
27
25
23
21
19
17
15
13
11
Conductivity (uS/cm)
Time (Minutes)
25
26
Case Study Improper Backwash
Case Study Fluctuation of Regenerant

Concentration
27
28
Case Study Organic & In Organic Fouling
29
Thank You.

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1

Pullman, Central Park ~ Jakarta

Ion Exchange Application in Power Plant

Stator Cooler Generator

Definition of Ion Exchange

The reversible transfer of ion between a solid and a liquid

Only dissolved ions participate in ion exchange, other

Ion Exchange Process

Ion Exchange Process

Physical strength depend on the percentage

MACROPOROUS TYPE RESIN

Harder & stronger resin more resistant to

UPS VS NON UPS RESIN

Summary of Ion Exchange Resin and

Summary of Ion Exchange Resin and

Summary of Ion Exchange Resin and

Resin Analysis (Chemical &

Chemical : Resin Cleaner

Audit for Demin Plant

Chemical package for

Chemical properties - the capacity of the resin to remove ions

Physical properties - the percentage of whole, cracked and

Mix - the percentage of cations and anions

Regeneration Efficiency (if applicable)

Organic Fouling (if applicable)

Some things you may learn from a resin analysis:

Whether total replacement of the resin bed is necessary

Whether a problem is due to poor resin condition or operational

How much longer the resin should last if operating conditions

Whether or not to "top off" the resin bed

Efficiency of the regeneration process

If the ratio of cation resin to anion resin in a mixed bed unit is

Nalco Resin Cleaner

NALCLEAN 8900, its effective for removing fouling (organic &

NALCLEAN 8940, its effective to remove scaling

NALCO RESIN RINSE 7290 E, used to remove insoluble matter from

Best Practices Regeneration

Best Practices Regeneration

Monitor highest anion resin level during backwash

Monitor interface cation & anion resin during backwash

Ion Exchange Resin Bed

Monitor interface cation & anion resin after backwash

Best Practices Regeneration

To recover resin performance (after exhaustion) with replacing

3 type for regeneration process (based on regenerant injection mode) :

Best Practices Regeneration

Best Practices Regeneration

Best Practices Regeneration

Best Practices Regeneration

To penetrate regenerant into pore resin bead

Best Practices Regeneration

To remove residual regenerant from cation & anion resin (or

Best Practices Regeneration

Best Practices Regeneration

Conductivity Monitoring during anion fast rinse

Case Study Improper Backwash

Case Study Fluctuation of Regenerant

Case Study Organic & In Organic Fouling

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