Central Chiller Plant

Background
The Central Plant is a key State asset that provides chilled water for cooling, steam for heating
and compressed air for controls to approximately
four million square feet of 23 existing State-owned
buildings in the downtown Sacramento Capitol
campus, including the State Capitol.
The equipment in the original central plant,
built in 1968, had reached the end of useful
life. The original plant lacked sufficient capacity
for future growth, and the emergency back-up
necessary for the high pressure steam boilers
during periods of high demand. Californias goal
was to impart a facility to provide safer and
more reliable heating and cooling to the Capitol
campus, expand capacity, improve energy
efficiency and environmental sustainability.
The original central plant remained fully operational during construction and was demolished
once the new plant was operational. The new
Central Plant was built to LEED (Leadership in
Energy and Environmental Design) Gold certification
and contains state-ofthe-art equipment that
has enhanced efficiency, reliability and capacity,
resulting in reduced energy costs, greenhouse
gas emissions and wastewater discharge.
The 1960s era plant was replaced by a modern
design, which was intended to complement
the surrounding architecture and enhance the
aesthetic attractiveness of the site. The design
minimized the height of plant structures and
arranged tall edifices, such as the TES tank, to
reduce the scale of the plant and the shading of
surrounding buildings. Planter boxes and canopies
on the mezzanine level also help to reduce the
scale of the plant.
THE DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL SERVICES

Sustainable Sites
The best strategy for sustainable site development is to choose a site that has been
previously developed. The Central Plant site
was first developed over 150 years ago and
provided substantial opportunities for sustainability. Further, the urban environment provided
already established infrastructure and services;
eliminating the need for new services and
increasing the community connectivity.
where the temperature is higher than the

annual average temperature. Onsite paving
was completed with a surface that reflects
light and heat, instead of absorbing like black
asphalt. Additionally, trees and other plantings
are maximized to minimize the amount of heat
absorbed by the hard surfaces.
Materials & Resources
The use of recycled materials decreases the
use of virgin raw materials and the volume of
solid waste in landfills. Much of the recycled
content comes from the use of steel and the
use of fly ash replacing cement in the concrete.
The facility offers on-site bicycle storage and

changing rooms with showers to encourage
cycling and preferential parking is provided
for fuel efficient and low emission vehicles.
Automobiles in the United States emit more
than 333 million tons of carbon dioxide each
year more than one-fifth of our total carbon
dioxide emissions (Source: Environmental Defense
Fund). The Central Plant reduces the impact of
automobile use by providing the opportunity
and incentive to use alternative modes of
transportation. Numerous bus stops and a
light rail station are located within a quarter
of a mile of the plant.
Urban sites tend to create heat islands; so the
Central Plant was developed to include techniques such as the use of pervious vegetative
surfaces and higher reflective hard surfaces to
mitigate the increase in absorbed heat within
the site. Heat islands are metropolitan areas
80
ABOVE:
The Central Plant (red) provides heating and cooling

services to 23 State owned buildings (orange) in the
downtown Sacramento area. The light blue circle
represents the site of the former rainey well. Light
rail lines are represented by green lines.
CENTRAL PLANT
PLANT FEATURES:
Central
Plant
Renovation
Central
Plant
Renovation
CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF
GENERAL SERVICES
CALIFORNIA
DEPARTMENT
OF GENERAL SERVICES
SUSTAINABILITY
FEATURES
SUSTAINABILITY FEATURES
Sustainable Site
Materials and Resources
Energy and Atmosphere
Cooling Tower uses environmentally friendly

water treatment
Ultra-high efficient all-variable speed chiller plant
Chilled water thermal storage system to provide

8
Overall monitoring of system performance
cooling for State buildings during high electrical
rate period
The Central
Plant provides
chilled
water
for cooling,
Photovoltaic
panels will
provide
electrical
power
steam for for
heating
and compressed
air for controls to 23
office support
areas
Non-ozone depleting refrigerant
White Cool roof
Central Plant Renovation
Stepped-back facade for neighborhood scale
Bicycle storage
Energy efficient evaporative cooling
Staff shower and locker facilities
powered electric
generator to provide
CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OFSteam
GENERAL
SERVICES
Creating Magnolia Park for neighbors to enjoy

Rain garden
for runoff
SUSTAINABILITY
emergency cooling and load leveling during

energy emergency conditions
FEATURES
High albedo concrete to reduce heat island

effect
No new parking
Sustainable Site
1
CoolingWater
Tower
uses environmentally friendly
Efficiency
water treatment with no chemicals
2
6
irrigation
Stepped-back
facade for neighborhood scale
2
Reclaimed water for toilet fixtures
Solar heating for domestic and space heating

hot water
Rain garden for runoff

High albedo concrete to reduce heat island
effect
No new parking
Water Efficiency
Reclaimed cooling tower water for landscape

6
irrigation 5
Reclaimed water for toilet fixtures
Advance
M-Cycle
evaporative air systems for office
Energy
and
Atmosphere
City trees retained for shading
10
Chilled water thermal storage system to provide

New steam
heating
plant that
will increase
the
cooling
for State
buildings
during
high electrical
overall
heating system operating efficiency
rate
period
High-performance, low-E glass
Low energy direct-indirect lighting fixtures
Lab tested no or low VOC finishes
Overall monitoring of system performance
Slabs with 30% fly ash
2Photovoltaic panels will provide electrical power
for office support areas
10
Solar heating for domestic and space heating

hot water
Advance M-Cycle evaporative air systems for office

spaces to reduce energy use by effectively applying
1
psychometric energy from the atmosphere
Radiant heating and cooling system for thermal

comfort in support areas
Enhanced Commissioning
High-performance, low-E glass

New steam heating plant that will increase the
overall heating system operating efficiency
City trees retained for shading

11
Energy efficient integrated occupancy control of

lighting, conditioning and ventilation
1
5
6
Indoor Environmental Quality

CO2 monitored throughout office area and demand
based ventilation control will provide excellent
Indoor Air Quality.
Post occupancy monitoring of system performance
10
Maximize the use of day lighting with automatic

light fixture dimming control
Low energy direct-indirect lighting fixtures
Operable windows for natural ventilation
2
3
1
7
11
2
3
2
3
10
VFDs operate on demand-based controls that

constantly match the power consumption with the
most efficient plant operation, making it possible for
this chiller plant to operate at 0.5kw/ton which is
about half of the energy of a traditional chiller plant.
Generation of monthly system performance
assurance reports ensure the energy efficiency
goals are being achieved, and assist in the overall
operations by detecting early abnormal function.
The plant has zero use of CFC (chlorofluorocarbon)-based refrigerants, reducing the impact
on global warming and ozone depletion.
The Thermal Energy Storage (TES) tank stores 4.25
million gallons of chilled water to meet the day time
cooling requirements by supplying chilled water to
the 23 State buildings in downtown Sacramento.
The TES tank reduces energy demand by reducing
chiller operation during day time peak conditions.
This allows the chillers to generate low cost chilled
water during night time hours. The stored chilled
water will be used during the heat of the day.
Materials and Resources
of natural
demolished
materials
windows for
ventilation
Plant controls based on the engineering principle4 OperableRecycling
that provides energy optimization of all systems
Selection of materials with high-recycled content
light fixture dimming control
Energy efficient integrated occupancy control of

lighting, conditioning and ventilation
Ultra-high efficient all-variable speed chiller plant
TheIndoor
heating
and cooling
capacity will be increased to
Environmental
Quality
match existing loads and future loads. This will allow for
more
reliable and
efficientoffice
heating
anddemand
cooling. In
CO2 monitored
throughout
area and
based ventilation
control will
provide excellent
addition,
steam-turbine
distributed
generation will be
Indoor Air
utilized
to Quality.
minimize the impact on the downtown
1 electrical
Maximizegrid.
the use of day lighting with automatic
Post occupancy monitoring of system performance
1
Steam powered electric generator
to provide
emergency cooling and load leveling during
energy emergency conditions
Creating Magnolia Park for neighbors to enjoy
Slabs with 30% fly ash
reducing the chiller electrical load during peak conditions.
The project includes a thermal energy storage tank that

Enhanced Commissioning
reduces the
electrical costs and impact on the grid by
Energy efficient evaporative cooling
Staff shower and locker facilities
Selection of materials with high-recycled content
existing State-owned buildings in the Capitol area. The

9
Radiant heating and cooling system for thermal
new plant will eliminate the water discharge into the
comfort in support areas
Sacramento River by utilizing cooling towers.
Non-ozone depleting refrigerant
Bicycle storage
spaces to reduce energy use by effectively applying

psychometric energy from the atmosphere
1
Reclaimed
White
Cool
roof cooling tower water for landscape
Recycling of demolished materials
Plant controls based on the engineering principle

that provides energy optimization of all systems
Chiller Plant
The goal of the Central Plant is to maintain maximum energy efficiency at all operational periods.
All the equipment that provides chilled water and
cooling tower fans are equipped with variable
frequency drives (VFDs) which minimize energy
use and overall life cycle costs.
10
1
HVAC System
Displacement Ventilation vs.
Conventional Mixing System
Low Noise (very low velocity)
Less Fan Energy (less airflow at central air
handler, low pressure drop)
Higher Chiller Efficiency / Smaller Required
Chiller Capacity
More fresh air in occupied zone
Increased thermal comfort for occupant (higher
temperature, lower velocity, less draft)
Active Chilled Beam HVAC System:
Low sound, low velocity
No moving parts!
Less Fan Energy (less airflow at central air handler)
Increased thermal comfort for occupant
Smaller Required Chiller Capacity
In addition, the use of occupancy sensors in the

occupied, administrative areas of the plant allow
the HVAC system and lighting controls serving
those spaces to go into standby mode when the
space is unoccupied.
Solar Hot Water
In lieu of domestic hot water heaters, 82% of
the domestic water heating load can be obtained
from a solar hot water system, installed on the
roof. The solar thermal system is also designed
to heat the HVAC hot water when a lot of solar
thermal energy is available.
High Quality Indoor Environment
The office space is equipped with CO2 monitoring
and demand based ventilation control systems to
ensure excellent indoor air quality. Non-toxic and
low VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) substances,
were also used to avoid indoor air pollution. Large
windows and glazed faades maximize indoor day
lighting for plant employees and visitors, and sunshades prevent glare from the sun.
Commissioning
Commissioning is a systematic process of ensuring that the buildings energy related systems are
installed, calibrated and perform according to
the project requirements; design to construction
and into occupancy, resulting in reduced energy
use and lower operating costs. The plant utilized
enhanced commissioning, where the commissioning process was begun early during the design of
the new plant, and continue until after occupancy
of the plant.
On-site Renewable Energy
The plant utilizes on-site renewable energy, including photovoltaic arrays mounted in the parking
area that generate power for the facilitys office
and support areas, as well as domestic hot water,
reducing the environmental and economic impacts
associated with fossil fuel energy use.

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Background

THE DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL SERVICES

where the temperature is higher than the

The facility offers on-site bicycle storage and

The Central Plant (red) provides heating and cooling

Materials and Resources

Energy and Atmosphere

Cooling Tower uses environmentally friendly

Ultra-high efficient all-variable speed chiller plant

Chilled water thermal storage system to provide

White Cool roof

Central Plant Renovation

Stepped-back facade for neighborhood scale

Energy efficient evaporative cooling

Staff shower and locker facilities

Creating Magnolia Park for neighbors to enjoy

emergency cooling and load leveling during

High albedo concrete to reduce heat island

Solar heating for domestic and space heating

Rain garden for runoff

Reclaimed cooling tower water for landscape

Reclaimed water for toilet fixtures

City trees retained for shading

Chilled water thermal storage system to provide

High-performance, low-E glass

Low energy direct-indirect lighting fixtures

Lab tested no or low VOC finishes

Overall monitoring of system performance

Slabs with 30% fly ash

2Photovoltaic panels will provide electrical power

Lab tested no or low VOC finishes

for office support areas

Solar heating for domestic and space heating

Advance M-Cycle evaporative air systems for office

Radiant heating and cooling system for thermal

High-performance, low-E glass

City trees retained for shading

Energy efficient integrated occupancy control of

Indoor Environmental Quality

Post occupancy monitoring of system performance

Maximize the use of day lighting with automatic

Low energy direct-indirect lighting fixtures

Lab tested no or low VOC finishes

Operable windows for natural ventilation

VFDs operate on demand-based controls that

Materials and Resources

light fixture dimming control

Energy efficient integrated occupancy control of

Ultra-high efficient all-variable speed chiller plant

Post occupancy monitoring of system performance

Creating Magnolia Park for neighbors to enjoy

Slabs with 30% fly ash

reducing the chiller electrical load during peak conditions.

The project includes a thermal energy storage tank that

Energy efficient evaporative cooling

Staff shower and locker facilities

Selection of materials with high-recycled content

existing State-owned buildings in the Capitol area. The