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    320lecture13 BJT As A Signal Amplifier

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    320lecture13 BJT As A Signal Amplifier

    Uploaded by

    taccitua
    95 views6 pages
    bjt

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    320Lecture13 Bjt as a Signal Amplifier

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    95 views6 pages

    320lecture13 BJT As A Signal Amplifier

    Uploaded by

    taccitua
    bjt

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 6

    Whites, EE 320

    Lecture 13

    Page 1 of 6

    Lecture 13: The BJT as a Signal Amplifier.


    One very useful application of the transistor is an amplifier of
    time varying signals.
    Next semester in EE 322, you will build a radio that receives
    signals at power levels as low as pW and amplifies them to
    power levels near 1 W!
    This happens through the use of frequency selective filters and
    the use of signal amplifiers formed from transistors. It is such
    capabilities that make telecommunications possible.
    Consider the conceptual BJT amplifier circuit shown below:

    (Fig. 5.48a)
    The DC voltages provide the biasing. The input signal is vbe and
    the output signal is vc.

    2009 Keith W. Whites

    Whites, EE 320

    Lecture 13

    Page 2 of 6

    We will assume the transistor is biased so that VC is greater than


    VB by an amount that allows for sufficient signal swing at the
    collector, but the transistor remains in the active mode at all
    times. That is, the transistor does not become saturated or cutoff
    during the cycle.
    From the circuit above, the total base-to-emitter voltage is
    vBE = VBE + vbe
    N N
    DC

    (1)

    AC

    Correspondingly, the collector current is


    iC = I S evBE VT = I S eVBE VT evbe VT
    

    (2)

    IC

    or using (5.53)

    iC = I C evbe VT

    (5.82),(3)

    For small vbe such that vbe  2VT (i.e., the small-signal
    approximation), then (3) can be approximated by
    v
    I
    iC I C 1 + be = I C + C vbe
    (5.84),(4)
    N
    T
    VT DC V
    N
    AC

    This is a familiar result: We saw something very similar with


    small signals and diodes back in Lecture 4.
    The time varying current in (4)

    IC
    vbe
    VT

    (5.85),(5)

    ic = g m vbe

    (5.86),(6)

    ic =
    can be written as

    Whites, EE 320

    Lecture 13

    Page 3 of 6

    IC
    [S]
    (5.87),(7)
    VT
    is defined as the transistor small-signal transconductance. Its
    units are Siemens. Note that g m I C .
    gm

    where

    Significance of the BJT Small-Signal


    Transconductance
    What is the physical significance of gm? First, gm is the slope of
    the iC-vBE characteristic curve at the Q point:
    i
    gm = C
    (5.88),(8)
    vBE i = I
    C

    Consider the plot shown in Fig. 5.49.

    (Fig. 5.49)
    With iC = I S evBE

    vT

    from (2), the right-hand side of (8) becomes

    Whites, EE 320

    Lecture 13

    iC
    I
    = S evBE
    vBE VT

    Page 4 of 6

    iC
    (3) VT

    (9)

    IC
    VT

    (10)

    =
    N

    VT

    Therefore

    gm =

    iC
    vBE

    =
    iC = I C

    as we defined in (6).
    Observe that:

    The small-signal vbe assumption restricts the operation of


    the BJT to nearly linear portions of the iC-vBE characteristic
    curve.
    From (6), the BJT behaves as a voltage controlled current
    source for small signals: The small-signal vbe controls the
    small-signal ic .

    Signal Voltage Gain


    Second, gm has an important relationship to the signal voltage
    gain in this circuit. Using KVL in Fig. 5.48a, the total collector
    voltage is
    vC = VCC iC RC = VCC ( I C + ic ) RC

    = VCC I C RC ic RC
    

    =VC

    or

    vC = VC ic RC
    N N
    DC

    AC

    (5.101),(11)

    Whites, EE 320

    Lecture 13

    Page 5 of 6

    where VC is the DC voltage at the collector.


    So from (11), the AC signal at the collector is
    (5.102),(12)
    vc = ic RC
    This result is negative, which means this circuit operates as an
    inverting amplifier for small, time varying signals.
    From (6), ic = g m vbe . Using this result in (12) gives
    vc = g mvbe RC = ( g m RC ) vbe
    (5.102),(13)
    Consequently, the small-signal AC voltage gain Av is
    v
    Av = c = g m RC
    (5.104),(14)
    vbe
    In a broad sense, we can see that this transistor circuit can act an
    amplifier of the time varying input signal, provided this input
    voltage remains small enough.
    V
    vc = -gmRCvbe

    Output (vC):
    VC

    Input (vBE):

    vbe

    VBE
    t

    Whites, EE 320

    Lecture 13

    Page 6 of 6

    gm is a very important amplifier parameter since the voltage gain


    in (14) is directly proportional to gm. BJTs have a relatively
    large gm compared to field effect transistors, which we will
    consider in the next chapter. Consequently, BJTs have better
    voltage gain in such circuits.

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