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    Protein Turnover: G/N Ratio 58.14 16 3.65

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    Sayed Ahmed
    1. Protein turnover refers to the constant degradation and resynthesis of body proteins except collagen, with about 1-2% of total body proteins degraded and resynthesized daily. 2. Nitrogen balance measures the difference between nitrogen intake through proteins and traces of inorganic nitrogen in the diet and nitrogen loss through urine, feces, and sweat. Positive nitrogen balance occurs during growth, pregnancy, and recovery from illness while negative nitrogen balance happens during diabetes, fever, starvation, and wasting diseases. 3. The ratio of glucose to nitrogen excreted in urine of diabetic animals given phlorizin is called the G/N ratio, which provides information about protein metabolism.

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    Protein Turnover: G/N Ratio 58.14 16 3.65

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    Sayed Ahmed
    45 views2 pages
    1. Protein turnover refers to the constant degradation and resynthesis of body proteins except collagen, with about 1-2% of total body proteins degraded and resynthesized daily. 2. Nitrogen balance measures the difference between nitrogen intake through proteins and traces of inorganic nitrogen in the diet and nitrogen loss through urine, feces, and sweat. Positive nitrogen balance occurs during growth, pregnancy, and recovery from illness while negative nitrogen balance happens during diabetes, fever, starvation, and wasting diseases. 3. The ratio of glucose to nitrogen excreted in urine of diabetic animals given phlorizin is called the G/N ratio, which provides information about protein metabolism.

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    Lecture 04

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    1. Protein turnover refers to the constant degradation and resynthesis of body proteins except collagen, with about 1-2% of total body proteins degraded and resynthesized daily. 2. Nitrogen balance measures the difference between nitrogen intake through proteins and traces of inorganic nitrogen in the diet and nitrogen loss through urine, feces, and sweat. Positive nitrogen balance occurs during growth, pregnancy, and recovery from illness while negative nitrogen balance happens during diabetes, fever, starvation, and wasting diseases. 3. The ratio of glucose to nitrogen excreted in urine of diabetic animals given phlorizin is called the G/N ratio, which provides information about protein metabolism.

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    Download as pdf or txt
    45 views2 pages

    Protein Turnover: G/N Ratio 58.14 16 3.65

    Uploaded by

    Sayed Ahmed
    1. Protein turnover refers to the constant degradation and resynthesis of body proteins except collagen, with about 1-2% of total body proteins degraded and resynthesized daily. 2. Nitrogen balance measures the difference between nitrogen intake through proteins and traces of inorganic nitrogen in the diet and nitrogen loss through urine, feces, and sweat. Positive nitrogen balance occurs during growth, pregnancy, and recovery from illness while negative nitrogen balance happens during diabetes, fever, starvation, and wasting diseases. 3. The ratio of glucose to nitrogen excreted in urine of diabetic animals given phlorizin is called the G/N ratio, which provides information about protein metabolism.

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    1

    Protein turnover
    All the body proteins except collagen are in a constant state of degradation and
    resynthesis.
    About 1-2% of total body proteins are degraded and resynthesized every day.

    Nitrogen Balance
    Nitrogen balance means the difference between nitrogen intake and nitrogen loss.
    Nitrogen Intake
    1. Dietary protein, every 100 gram proteins contain 16 gram nitrogen
    2. Traces of inorganic nitrogen in the form of nitrates and nitrites
    Nitrogen loss
    1. In urine in the form of non-protein nitrogenous substances as urea, uric acid,
    creatine, creatinine and ammonia
    2. In stools in the form of digestive juices
    3. In sweat in the form of urea
    Positive nitrogen balance means that nitrogen intake is more than nitrogen loss.
    It occurs in:
    Growing children
    Pregnancy
    Convalescence from wasting diseases
    Negative nitrogen balance means that nitrogen loss is more than nitrogen intake.
    It occurs in:
    Diabetes mellitus
    Fever
    Starvation
    Wasting diseases
    Nitrogen equilibrium means that nitrogen intake equals nitrogen loss.
    It occurs in healthy adults on an adequate diet

    G/N ratio (D/N ratio)


    It is the ratio between glucose and nitrogen excreted in the urine of an animal rendered
    diabetic by phlorizin to deplete glycogen stores.
    Feeding 100 grams proteins give:
    16 gram nitrogen
    58.14 gram glucose

    G/N ratio =

    58.14
    16

    = 3.65

    Role of Pyridoxal Phosphate in Protein Metabolism


    1-It has a role in absorption of amino acids
    2-It acts as a coenzyme for transamination
    3-It acts as a coenzyme for non-oxidative deamination
    4- It acts as a coenzyme for amino acid decarboxylation
    5- It acts as a coenzyme for desulfhydration reactions.
    6- It acts as a coenzyme for aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase which is the key
    enzyme in haeme biosynthesis
    7- It acts as a coenzyme for tryptophan pyrrolyase which is the key enzyme in nicotinic
    acid biosynthesis

    Role of Liver in Protein Metabolism


    1- Catabolism of amino acids by transamination and deamination
    2- Urea formation
    3- Biosynthesis of nonessential amino acids
    4- Biosynthesis of amino acid derivatives as creatine and taurine
    5- Biosynthesis of plasma proteins and coagulation factors
    6- Catabolism of carbon skeleton to form glucose or ketone bodies
    7- Detoxication by conjugation with amino acids. e.g.:
    o Conjugation of bezoic acid with glycine to form hippuric acid
    o Conjugation of phenyl acetic acid with glutamine to form phenyl acetyl
    glutamine.

    Hormonal Control of Protein Metabolism


    1-Anabolic hormones
    Hormones that stimulate protein biosynthesis
    o Growth hormone
    o Insulin
    o Testosterone
    o Thyroxin in physiological doses
    2 Catabolic hormones
    Hormones that stimulate protein breakdowm
    o Glucocorticoids are the main catabolic hormones
    o Glucagon
    o Thyroxin in large doses

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