Adsorption Technology in Water Treatment
Adsorption Technology in Water Treatment
Adsorption Technology in Water Treatment
Adsorption
Technology in Water
Treatment
Fundamentals, Processes, and Modeling
DE GRUYTER
Contents
xi
Preface
Introduction
1.1
1.1.1
1.1.2
Some
1.1.3
1.1.4
1.2
Engineered adsorption
1.2.1
Overview
1.2.2
Drinking
1.2.3
Wastewater treatment
1
3
of the
3
5
5
6
water treatment
6
7
1.2.4
Hybrid
1.3
Natural
11
2.1
11
sorption
2.2
Engineered
2.2.1
Activated carbon
2.2.2
Polymeric
2.2.3
Oxidic adsorbents
12
adsorbents
12
15
adsorbents
16
17
2.2.4
zeolites
Synthetic
2.3
18
2.4
Geosorbents in environmental
19
2.5
Adsorbent characterization
20
2.5.1
Densities
20
2.5.2
Porosities
22
2.5.3
External surface
23
2.5.4
Internal surface
2.5.5
Pore-size distribution
28
2.5.6
Surface
34
Adsorption equilibrium
3.1
Introduction
3.2
Experimental determination
3.2.1
Basics
compartments
area
25
area
chemistry
I:
...
41
41
of
equihbrium
data
42
42
VI
Contents
3.2.2
45
3.3
Isotherm
for
single-solute adsorption
single-solute isotherm equations
Irreversible isotherm and one-parameter isotherm
Two-parameter isotherms
47
3.3.1
Classification of
55
3.3.5
Three-parameter isotherms
Isotherm equations with more
3.4
Prediction of isotherms
3.5
Temperature dependence
3.6
Slurry
3.6.1
General aspects
67
3.6.2
3.6.3
Single-stage adsorption
Two-stage adsorption
72
3.7
Application
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
curve
equations
adsorber
47
48
49
58
59
of
64
adsorption
67
design
69
or
breakthrough
74
models
II: Multisolute
Adsorption equilibrium
4.1
Introduction
4.2
Experimental
4.3
80
4.4
Multisolute isotherm
81
4.5
4.5.1
4.5.2
4.5.3
4.6
The
4.7
4.7.1
4.7.2
adsorption
77
77
determination of
equilibrium data
equations
84
84
concentrations
given equilibrium
given initial concentrations
pH dependence of adsorption:
competitive adsorption
special
98
98
100
Competitive adsorption
4.8
Slurry
4.8.1
Basics
4.8.2
NOM
of
for multisolute
adsorption
104
Ill
Ill
4.8.4
adsorption
Competitive adsorption of micropollutants and
Nonequilibrium adsorption in slurry reactors
4.9
Special applications
4.8.3
90
94
(adsorption analysis)
4.7.3
design
88
case of
adsorber
78
112
NOM
approach
113
118
120
Contents
VII
Adsorption kinetics
123
5.1
Introduction
123
5.2
123
5.3
Experimental
5.4
127
5.4.1
General considerations
127
5.4.2
Film diffusion
129
5.4.3
Surface diffusion
136
5.4.4
Pore diffusion
143
5.4.5
149
5.4.6
153
5.4.7
162
5.4.8
Adsorption
5.5
Adsorption dynamics
6.1
Introduction
6.2
Experimental
6.3
176
6.4
Material balances
179
6.4.1
determination of kinetic
kinetics in
124
curves
multicomponent systems
164
166
in fixed-bed adsorbers
169
169
determination of
breakthrough
curves
175
of material balances
179
material balance
179
6.4.2
Types
Integral
6.4.3
185
6.5
Practical aspects
Introduction
189
6.5.1
6.5.2
Topical operating
6.5.3
189
conditions
190
191
6.5.4
Multiple
adsorber systems
193
197
7.1
197
7.2
Scale-up
7.2.1
Mass transfer
7.2.2
Length
7.2.3
Rapid
7.3
Equilibrium
7.4
Complete breakthrough
7.4.1
Introduction
7.4.2
7.4.3
Constant pattern
methods
198
zone
(MTZ)
of unused bed
model
(LUB)
198
model
202
(RSSCT)
203
(ECM)
curve
207
models
211
211
approach
(HSDM)
to the HSDM
(CPHSDM)
213
217
Vlll
7.4.4
Contents
220
7.4.6
7.5
232
7.5.1
General considerations
232
7.5.2
Single-solute adsorption
233
7.5.3
7.5.4
7.6
Special applications
7.6.1
7.6.2
253
8.1
Introduction
253
8.2
254
8.2.2
8.3
Reactivation
261
Geosorption
9.1
Introduction
9.2
Experimental determination
9.3
The
7.4.5
8.2.1
Linear
of
breakthrough
curve
matter
238
....
238
240
248
254
256
265
265
of
geosorption
data
of
Rd
267
and the
retardation
9.4
226
240
models
organic
224
268
from
271
9.5
Breakthrough
9.5.1
273
9.5.2
Local
275
9.5.3
Linear
9.5.4
279
9.6
Combined
280
9.6.1
General model
9.6.2
Special
and
equilibrium
driving
model
force
(LEM)
(LDF) model
and
sorption
case:
273
modeling
curve
277
biodegradation
approach
Natural
organic
280
matter
(NOM) sorption
285
biodegradation
9.7
9.7.1
pH-dependent sorption
287
9.7.2
Influence of NOM
289
9.8
9.8.1
on
on
geosorption
processes
micropollutant sorption
287
291
291
Contents
IX
9.8.2
293
9.8.3
Prediction of the
295
10
Appendix
297
10.1
297
10.2
10.3
model
dispersivity
homogeneous
experimental
data
298
surface diffusion
302
(CPHSDM)
Nomenclature
307
References
319
Index
'.
327