RT Procedure 200-004 Rev. 07
RT Procedure 200-004 Rev. 07
RT Procedure 200-004 Rev. 07
SUBJECT
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
PROCEDURE No.
REVISION NO.
CONTRACT
4502114975
COPY # 1
COPY # 2
N/A
COPY # 3
N/A
REVISION
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
DATE
FEBRUARY 15, 1994
MAY 26, 1994
DECEMBER 08, 1996
MAY 12, 2003
AUGUST 11, 2005
JULY 23, 2006
JULY 15, 2007
PREPARED BY
REVIEWED BY
APPROVED BY
D.B. ADHIKARY
NDT Division Manager
RSO/ASNT NDT Level III
(118975)
T.Y. SHIN
General Manager
ACCP/ASNT NDT Level III
(11863)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
SCOPE
2.
3.
QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL
4.
RADIATION SOURCES
5.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
6.
IDENTIFICATION OF RADIOGRAPHS
7.
IQIS
8.
RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
9.
10.
SAFETY
11.
12.
RECORDS
13.
ATTACHMENT
AMSYCO 200-004
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Sept 01, 1993
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1. SCOPE
1.1. This procedure establishes the uniform requirements for radiographic examination of weldments.
The materials intended are carbon steel, Alloy steel and stainless steel. The thickness covered by
this procedure shall be up to 2.5 inches of steel. These requirements are intended to control the
quality of the radiographic images and are not intended for controlling acceptability or quality of
welds.
2. REFERENCED CODES AND/OR STANDARDS
2.1. ASME Sec. V
2.3. ASTM-Metal Test Methods and Analytical Procedures Vol: - 03.03 Nondestructive Testing
2.3.1.
ASTM E-747/04
2.3.2.
ASTM E-94/04
Standard for Welding Pipelines and Related Facilities (20th edition, 2005)
Radiographic Examination
Radiographic Examination
2.17. AMSYCO-100-003
3. QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL
3.1. All radiographic examination personnel shall be qualified and certified in accordance with a written
procedure AMSYCO 101-001; Rev 07 dated July 7, 2007 (Training Manual - AMSYCO TP-1)
conforming to the latest edition of ANSI/ASNT CP-189.
3.2. For all Saudi Aramco projects, the radiographs shall be examined and interpreted by personnel
certified to perform RTFI by Saudi Aramco.
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4. RADIATION SOURCES
4.1. Selection of the appropriate source is dependent upon variables regarding the weld being
examined (material composition and thickness). The suitability of the source shall be demonstrated
by attaining the required Image Quality Indicator (IQI) sensitivity and complying with all other
requirements stipulated herein (film density and area of interest, density tolerances, etc.). The
sources shall be either X-ray or Gamma-ray.
4.2. The X-ray machine used shall have adequate voltage and radiation output. The focal spot size
shall not exceed 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm.
4.3. For the verification of source size, the manufacturers source certificate/decay chart documenting
the actual physical source size shall be acceptable. Only Ir-192 Isotope shall be used as a source
of Gamma-Ray.
4.4. The minimum permissible thickness for which radioactive isotopes may be used is as follows:
Material
Steel
Copper or High Nickel
Aluminum
Iridium 192
0.75 in.
0.65 in.
2.50 in.
The minimum thickness limitation may be reduced when the radiographic techniques used
demonstrate that the required radiographic sensitivity has been obtained.
5. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
5.1. Unless otherwise specified by the applicable referenced code or project specification, final
radiography for acceptance of weld/material shall be performed after heat treatment.
5.2. Surface Preparation:
5.2.1. The welds shall be prepared only to the extent necessary that the resulting radiographic
image due to any irregularities shall not mask or be confused with the image of any
discontinuity. The finished surface of all butt-welded joints may be flush with base material or
may have reasonably uniform crowns. If the weld is ground flush with the adjacent base
material, arrows or "V's" shall be placed inch away from the edge of weld opposite to the
film location markers at the extremities of the film in the area of examination
(See attachment 1).
5.3. Film & Screen requirements:
5.3.1. Selection of films shall be determined by such factors such as the required quality level,
materials etc. The films selected shall be capable of demonstrating the required image
quality indicator (IQI) sensitivity. They shall be either Type 1 or 2. The common commercial
brand of films used shall be:
Type 1: Agfa D4
Kodak MX or M
Type 2: Agfa D7
Kodak AA
Type 1 film shall be used for radiography of pipe diameters of 8 inch nominal pipe size or
less.
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5.3.2. Intensifying screens of lead-foil type or cassette screen type shall be used. The screens shall
have a minimum thickness of 0.125 mm (0.005"). They shall be of the same approximate
dimensions as the film being used and shall be in direct intimate contact with the film during
exposure. The screens used shall be handled carefully to avoid dents, scratches, grease or
dirt. Screens rendering non-relevant indications on radiographs shall be visually examined
and discarded if physical damage is observed. Exception to 5.3.2 is permitted when Ready
Pack or Roll Pack with integral screens is used.
Under no circumstances shall screens which emit visible light be used.
5.4. Processing Requirements
5.4.1. All radiographs shall be free from mechanical, chemical or other artifacts to be extent that
they cannot mask or be confused with the image of any discontinuity in the object being
radiographed. Such artifacts include but are not limited to:
5.4.1.1.
5.4.1.2.
5.4.1.3.
5.4.1.4.
5.4.1.5.
Fogging.
Processing defects such as water or chemical marks.
Scratches, finger marks, crimps, static smudges or tears.
Loss of detail due to poor film contact.
False indications due to defective Screens.
PreparationNo more film should be processed than can be accommodated with a minimum
separation of 1/2 in. (12.7mm). Hangers are loaded and solutions stirred before
starting development.
5.4.2.2.
Start of DevelopmentStart the timer and place the films into the developer tank. Separate to a minimum
distance of 1/2 in. (12.7 mm) and agitate in two directions for about 15 s.
5.4.2.3.
5.4.2.4.
AgitationShake the film horizontally and vertically, ideally for a few seconds each minute
during development. This will help film develop evenly.
5.4.2.5.
5.4.2.6.
FixingThe films must not touch one another in the fixer. Agitate the hangers vertically for
about 10s and again at the end of the first minute, to ensure uniform and rapid
fixation. Keep them in the fixer until fixation is complete (that is, at least twice the
clearing time), but not more than 15 min. in relatively fresh fixer. Frequent agitation
will shorten the time of fixation.
5.4.2.7.
Fixer NeutralizingUse a hypo eliminator or fixer neutralizer between fixation and washing.
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5.4.2.8.
WashingWashing is very slow below 60F (16C). When washing at temperatures above 85F
(30C), care should be exercised not to leave films in the water too long. The films
should be washed in batches without contamination from new film brought over from
the fixer. If pressed for capacity, as more films are put in the wash, partially washed
film should be moved in the direction of the inlet.
5.4.2.9.
Wetting AgentDip the film for approximately 30s in a wetting agent added clear water.
5.4.2.10.
DryingTake precaution to tighten film on hangers, so that it cannot touch in the dryer. Too
hot a drying temperature at low humidity can result in uneven drying and should be
avoided.
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6. IDENTIFICATION OF RADIOGRAPHS
6.1. General
A system of Radiographic identification shall be used to produce a permanent and traceable record
of radiographs to individual welds. The radiograph shall contain the plant or job number, line or
equipment number, weld number, the date on which the radiograph was shot and welders symbol.
Subsequent radiographs made by reasons of a repaired area shall be identified with a letter R
and a number following the R indicating first, second, etc., sequence of repair radiographs when
the same weld is repaired more than once.
6.2. Location
Location markers shall be placed outside the weld area. The radiographic image of the location
markers for the coordination of the part with the area of interest shall appear on the film without
interfering with the area of interest and with such an arrangement that it is evident that complete
coverage was obtained. The location markers shall be placed at approximately equal intervals not
exceeding 15 inches (refer to Para 13.1).
6.2.1. Double-Wall Technique: When using a double-wall technique and the welds in both walls is
viewed for acceptance, and the entire image of the object being radiographed is shown on
the radiograph, only one location marker shall be used. The marker used for this type of
technique shall be either numbers or letters. They shall be placed on the source side or on
the film side.
6.2.2. Series of Radiographs: For welds that require a series of radiographs to cover the full
length or circumference of the weld, the complete set of location markers shall be applied at
one time, wherever possible. A reference or zero position for each series shall be identified
on the component. For pipe or tube welds greater than 3" a number belt shall be used.
The number belt shall consist of lead numbers between " and " in height.
Number spacing shall be as follows:
Nominal Pipe Diameter
Over 3" through 8"
8" and above
Spacing
1" (2.5 cm) apart
4" (10 cm) apart
6.2.3. Similar Welds: On similar type of welds on a single component, the sequence and spacing of
the location markers shall conform to a uniform system that shall be positively identified and
agreed by the client.
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Wire
1
2
3
4
5
6
Set B
0.010 (0.25)
0.013 (0.33)
0.016 (0.41)
0.020 (0.51)
0.025 (0.64)
0.032 (0.81)
Wire
6
7
8
9
10
11
Set C
0.032 (0.81)
0.040 (1.02)
0.050 (1.27)
0.063 (1.60)
0.080 (2.03)
0.100 (2.54)
Wire
11
12
13
14
15
16
Set D
0.100 (2.54)
0.126 (3.20)
0.160 (4.06)
0.200 (5.08)
0.250 (6.35)
0.320 (8.13)
Wire
16
17
18
19
20
21
Note: AThe 0.0032 wire may be used to establish a special quality level as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.
For jobs other than ASME coded, the IQIs to be used shall be of DIN wire type or European standard EN
462-1 of which there are three sets, each containing 7 wires of various thicknesses. These are:
1 ISO 7
DIAMETER OF WIRE (mm)
CORRESPONDING NUMBER
6 ISO 12
DIAMETER OF WIRE (mm)
CORRESPONDING NUMBER
10 ISO 16
DIAMETER OF WIRE (mm)
CORRESPONDING NUMBER
Note: 1 in. = 25.4 mm
3.20
2.50
2.00
1.60
1.25
1.00
0.80
1.00
0.80
0.63
0.50
0.40
0.32
0.25
10
11
12
0.40
0.32
0.25
0.20
0.16
0.125
0.1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
EN 462-1 contains similar provisions for wire image quality indicators as E 747. The
wire diameters and system of numbering follow the DIN practice.
7.2. The material of IQIs shall be of a similar radiographic density to that of the material being
radiographed.
7.2.1. The quality levels required using wire IQIs system shall be equivalent to the 2-2T level of
method E-142/or practice E-1025, Article 22 Sec. V for hole type IQIs. The table T-276
Article 2 Sec. V provides a list of various hole type IQIs and the diameter of the wires of
corresponding EPS (Equivalent IQI Sensitivity) with the applicable 2T holes in the IQI. This
table shall be used for determining 2T quality levels unless otherwise specified by the client.
7.2.2. The IQI selection shall be based on the nominal wall thickness of the base material plus the
reinforcement. Internal protrusions of single level welds, backing rings or strips shall be
disregarded in the selection of the required IQI wire size. Reinforcement shall not exceed
maximum permitted by referencing code section. Reinforcement shall be based on
estimated measurement and not actual measurement. In general the following shall apply:
7.2.2.1.
Panoramic, Single Wall - Single Image and Double Wall Single Image techniques,
the required wire size shall be based on the one-wall thickness plus onereinforcement where such reinforcement is not ground off.
7.2.2.2.
Double Wall Double View Elliptical techniques, the required wire size shall be
based on one-wall thickness plus one-reinforcement where such reinforcement is not
ground off.
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7.2.2.3.
Double Wall-Double View Superimposed techniques, the required wire size shall be
based on one-wall thickness plus one-reinforcements where such reinforcements are
not ground off.
7.2.2.4.
For welds without reinforcement, the required wire size shall be based on the nominal
single wall thickness for all techniques including Elliptical or Superimposed
Technique.
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7.5.3.1.
7.5.3.2.
If more than one IQI is used because of density requirements, one shall be placed in
the lightest area of interest and the other in the darkest area of interest. The
intervening densities on the radiograph shall be considered as having acceptable
density if the required wire is visible in each IQI.
7.5.3.3.
For panoramic radiography involving a complete circumferential weld, four (4) equally
spaced IQIs at 90 intervals shall be placed.
7.5.3.4.
When the source is placed in the axis of the circumference and a portion of that
circumference (four or more continuous locations) is radiographed during a single
exposure, at least 4 IQIs placed approximately equidistant apart shall be used.
7.5.3.5.
Where portions of longitudinal welds adjoining the circumferential weld are being
radiographed simultaneously with the circumferential weld, additional IQIs shall be
placed on the longitudinal welds at the ends of sections most remote from the
position of the source used to radiograph the circumferential weld.
7.5.4. For radiography performed in accordance with API-1104 and the technique is either DWSI or
SWSI (non-panoramic) at least two IQIs shall be used for each exposure. One IQI shall be
located approximately in the center of the film. The other shall be located with the smallest
wire approximately 1 inch from either end of the area of interest. Radiography of repairs shall
include an IQI for each repair or area of repair.
8. Radiographic Techniques
8.1. Single-Wall Technique: Except as stated below radiography shall be performed using a technique
in which the radiation passes through only one wall.
8.2. Double-Wall Technique for Circumferential Welds: For circumferential welds 3" O.D or less, a
technique shall be used in which the radiation passes through both walls and both walls are
viewed for acceptance on the same film. Unless otherwise specified, either elliptical or
superimposed projections shall be used.
8.2.1. For elliptical projections, where the weld is not superimposed, at least two views separated
by 90 shall be taken. If design or access restrictions prevail from taking 90 separate views,
agreement between the contracting parties shall specify the necessary weld coverage.
8.2.2. For superimposed projections a minimum of three views shall be taken at approximately 0,
60, and 120.
8.3. For circumferential welds greater than 3" O.D, a technique shall be used in which only single-wall
viewing is performed. Sufficient exposures shall be taken to ensure complete coverage.
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Under 2 (50)
2 through 3 (50-75)
Over 3 through 4 (75-100)
Greater than 4 (100)
0.020 (0.51)
0.030 (0.76)
0.040 (1.02)
0.070 (1.78)
10. SAFETY
10.1. General
All classified personnel shall wear a film badge and a fully charged pocket dosimeter whenever in
a classified radiation area. In additional they shall always maintain an operable survey meter in the
radiation area and use it to verify that the area is safe. They shall perform Radiography in complete
accordance with the Radiation Safety Manual Amsyco-100-003. Copies of this procedure will be
maintained at all sites where radiography is being performed and where radiographic isotopes are
stored.
10.2. Radiation Area
The area where radiography is being performed shall be cordoned off (or otherwise barricaded)
and signposted in Arabic and English to prevent accidental entry by unauthorized personnel (refer
to Para 13.2). An operator shall remain in view of the cranking unit of the exposure device at a
safe distance while the exposure is being made, in order to retract the source in the event of
unauthorized entry into the radiation area.
10.3. Collimators
Collimators shall always be used when practical.
10.4. Safety Procedures
Detailed safety procedures for the use, handling and storage of radioactive materials are given in
the AMSYCO Safety Manual (Amsyco-100-003). Radiography personnel shall be familiar with this
document.
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12. RECORDS
The following radiographic records shall be maintained as agreed between the client and AMSYCO.
12.1.
12.2.
12.3.
12.4.
12.5.
12.6.
strength of isotope
12.7.
12.8.
12.9.
12.10. IQI used and required wire size to be recorded on Radiographic Testing Report
12.11. Base material type and thickness
12.12. source-to-object distance
12.13. distance from source side of object to film
12.14. Film interpretation record shall contain as a minimum the following information:
12.14.1. Disposition of each radiograph (acceptable or rejectable)
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12.14.2. If rejectable, cause for rejection (slag, crack, porosity, lack of fusion, incomplete
penetration, etc.)
12.14.3. Surface indication verified by visual examination (grinding marks, weld ripple, splatter, etc.)
12.15. Name and Signature of the film interpreter, date and RTFI No.
12.16. Names of Radiographers and badge nos. (Or company employee no.)
13. ATTACHMENT
13.1. Sketch showing location markers and arrow markers
13.2. Radiation Warning Sign Board
13.3. Sample Radiographic Report
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A d d e n d u m 1 of 18
1.
2.
: Iridium-192, 3 mm X 3 mm
3.
Geometrical Arrangement
: See Appendix - A
4.
Films
5.
Intensifying screens
6.
7.
Acceptance Standard
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Appendix A: (Page 1 of 2)
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Appendix A: (Page 2 of 2)
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Appendix B: (Page 1 of 15)
Crack
None
None
None
Lack of Fusion
None
None
None
Incomplete Penetration
None
None
None
INDICATIONS
Elongated
Acceptable limits:
for t upto
t for t from to 2
for t > 2
Acceptable limits:
for t upto
t for t from to 2
for t > 2
Rejectable if aggregate
length > t in a length of 12t
except when the distance
between the successive
indications exceeds 6L
where L is the length of the
longest imperfection.
Rejectable if sum of
length > t in a length of
12t except when the
distance
between
successive indications
is 6L where L is the
length of the longest
imperfection.
Tungsten
Rounded
tungsten
inclusions are to be
evaluated as rounded
Refer to section 1.2 of Refer to section 1.2 of this
indications per UW-51.
this Appendix B.
Appendix B.
Elongated and aligned
tungsten inclusions are
unacceptable.
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Appendix B: (Page 2 of 15)
Rounded Indications. Indications with a maximum length of three times the width or
less on the radiograph are defined as rounded indications. These indications may be
circular, elliptical, conical, or irregular in shape and may have tails. When evaluating
the size of and indication, the tail shall be included. The indication may be from any
imperfection in the weld, such as porosity, slag, or tungsten. (Appendix 4, Para 4-2a;
Appendix A, Para 250.2.1). Rounded tungsten inclusions are to be evaluated to the
same criteria as porosity, slag or other rounded indications.
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.2.4
1.2.5
Maximum Size of Rounded Indications shall be 1/4t or 5/32. Which ever is smaller,
except that an isolated indication separated from an adjacent indication by 1 or more
may be t or which ever is less. For t greater than 2, the maximum permissible
size of an isolated indication shall be increased to .
1.2.6 Clustered Indications. Indications are classified by their orientation and proximity to
other indications, such indications can be isolated, aligned, random or clustered.
Typically, clustered indications will have four (4) times the number of individual
indications as that of random indications in a unit area. The following pictorial taken
from the ASME Rounded Indication Charts represents the maximum allowable for
clustered or indications. For acceptance criteria determination in accordance with
ASME Sec. 1, ASME Sec. VIII Div. 1, ASME B31.1 and API 650, refer to the
Rounded Indication. Charts given in Appendix A of ASME Sec 1 or Appendix 4 of
ASME Sec. VIII, Div. 1. Clustered tungsten inclusions are to be removed
regardless of size.
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Appendix B: (Page 3 of 15)
Random
Clustered
Typical Maximum
Typical Maximum
Examples of rounded and clustered indications above are not to be used for film interpretations,
but are provided only as a reference. For acceptance or rejection of rounded indications, refer
to the referenced Code section Rounded Indication Charts listed herein. Special consideration
should be given to the fact that photocopy reproduction may distort, enlarge or reduce the
resulting image depending on the photocopy machine, optional settings, and quality of the
originals. The charts for each thickness range represent full-scale 6 radiograph, and shall not
be enlarged or reduced.
Thickness t, (in.)
Less than 1/8
1/8
3/16
5/16
3/8
7/16
9/16
5/8
11/16
to 2, incl.
Over 2
Radiographic Indication
Random
Isolated
t
1/3 t
0.031
0.042
0.047
0.063
0.063
0.083
0.078
0.104
0091
0.125
0.109
0.146
0.125
0.168
0.142
0.188
0.156
0.210
0.156
0.230
0.156
0.250
0.156
0.375
ROUNDED INDICATIONS
Minimum size of Acceptable Rounded Indications, in.
(Porosity Charts are included from page 4 to page 9 of Appendix B)
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Appendix B: (Page 4 of 15)
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Appendix B: (Page 5 of 15)
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Appendix B: (Page 6 of 15)
Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 10 of 18
Appendix B: (Page 7 of 15)
Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 11 of 18
Appendix B: (Page 8 of 15)
Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 12 of 18
Appendix B: (Page 9 of 15)
Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 13 of 18
Appendix B: (Page 10 of 15)
Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 14 of 18
Appendix B: (Page 11 of 15)
Pipe OD < 2
Unacceptable if:
Slag Inclusions
Elongated (ESI)
Isolated (ISI)
Note: ESI indications separated
by approx. width of root bead
(wagon tracks) to be considered
as a single indication unless the
width of either > 1/32. In that
event, they shall be considered
as separate indications.
Pipe OD > 2
Unacceptable if:
1. ESI length > 2.
2. Aggregate length of ESI > 2
in any 12 length of weld.
3. ESI width > 1/16.
4. Aggregate of the lengths of ISI
> in any 12 length of weld
5. Width of ISI > .
6. More than 4 ISI with maximum
width of in any 12 of weld
7. Aggregate length of ESI & ISI
> 8% of weld length
Unacceptable if:
1. Size of individual pore >
2. Size of individual pore > 25% of thinner WT joined
3. Distribution of Porosity exceeds API 1104 Porosity Charts.
CP that occurs in the finish pass should be unacceptable if:
1. Diameter of the cluster > .
2. Aggregate length of CP > in 12 length of weld.
3. Individual pore within a cluster > 1/16.
Unacceptable if:
1. Length of individual HB >
2. Aggregate length of HB > 2 in any continuous 12 length of weld
3. Individual HB > separated by less than 2
4. Aggregate length of HB > 8% weld length.
Any size or location of cracks are unacceptable except for shallow crater or
star cracks. Shallow crater or star crack length > 5/23 is unacceptable.
Unacceptable if:
1. Any combination EU & IU length > 2 in any continuous 12 of weld.
2. Sum of EU & IU lengths in any combination > 1/6 of weld length
Individual tungsten inclusions are to be evaluated as rounded indications
(Porosity). Elongated or aligned tungsten inclusions are unacceptable.
Unacceptable if:
1. Sum lengths of indication > 2 in any continuous 12 of weld
2. Sum lengths of indication > 8% of weld length.
Arc burns, long seam discontinuities and other discontinuities in the pipe or
fittings detected by RT shall be recordable.
Cracks (C)
Undercutting
Adjacent to cover pass (EU)
Adjacent to root pass (IU)
Tungsten Inclusions
Accumulation of Discontinuities
Excluding IPD, EU & IU
Pipe / Fitting Discontinuities
1. In addition to the IQI, a shim of 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 mm thick shall be placed on the base metal adjacent to
the weld.
2. In addition to those requirements any area which shows weld image lighter than the image under the
shim shall be cause for reject.
Root Penetration
(RT or visual)
Service
General
Maximum Reinforcement
3 mm or less
3 6 mm
over 6 mm
Internally coated
2.5 mm or less
Over 2.5 mm
Acceptable Length
any
25mm maximum
none
any
none
Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 15 of 18
Appendix B: (Page 12 of 15)
AWS D1.1
Radiographic acceptance criteria for AWS D1.1 are different for Statically Loaded and Dynamically
Loaded structures. This AIP covers only statically loaded structures. For Dynamically Loaded
structures, refer to the appropriate sections of AWS D1.1. If there is doubt as to the designation of
statically or dynamically loaded, refer to the project engineer for determination. The radiographic film
interpreter should confirm the loading classification prior to proceeding the interpretation of film.
Rejection criteria for each classification are provided below. Note that to determine the allowable and
rejectable size of discontinuities, the use of both the tables and charts are required.
3.1 Statistically Loaded Structures
Discontinuities exceeding the following limitations shall be unacceptable
INDICATION
REJECTION CRITERIA
Cracks
Elongated Discontinuities
Clearance between discontinuities
Rounded Discontinuities
None permitted
> Maximum size of chart 6 1
< Minimum clearance allowance of fig 6 1
> E/3 or for T 2
>E/3 or 3/8 for T > 2
Minimum
clearance
between
a
rounded
discontinuity 3/32 to an acceptable rounded or
elongated discontinuity or to an edge or end of an
intersection shall be three (3) times the larger
discontinuity.
Sum of greatest dimension > maximum size of a
single discontinuity permitted in Fig. 6 1.
Minimum clearance to another cluster or elongated
discontinuity or to an edge or end of an intersecting
shall be three (3) times the larger discontinuity.
Sum > 3/23 shall not exceed 2E/3 or 3/8 which
ever is less in 1 of weld.
Sum > E in any length of 6E, where length of weld
is < 6E, permissible sum shall be proportionately
less.
Individual tungsten inclusions are to be evaluated
as rounded indications (Porosity). Elongated or
aligned tungsten inclusions are unacceptable.
Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
TITLE: RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 16 of 18
Appendix B: (Page 13 of 15)
Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 17 of 18
ASME B31.3
4.1 The type of weld joints and service conditions shall be considered to determine the method of
NDE required Table, inclusive of code required NDE methods, is to be used with its criterion
notes and is included with this procedure for Radiographic Film Interpretation.
4.2 Particular attention should be given to intended service when interpreting radiographic film for
final acceptance.
FILLET (NOTE 4)
VISUAL
FILLET (NOTE 4)
LONGITUDINAL GROOVE
LIQUID PENETRANT
MAGNETIC PARTICLE
100% RADIOGRAPHY
VISUAL
Criteria (A to M) for weld type, for service conditions, & for Required Insp. Methods
Severe Cyclic condition
Methods
Type of Welds
Method
BRANCH CONNECTION (NOTE 4)
FILLET (NOTE 4)
SPOT OR RANDOM
RADIOGRAPHY
KIND OF
IMPERFECTIONS
VISUAL
Methods
Crack
Lack of fusion
NA
Incomplete
Penetration
Internal porosity
NA
NA
NA
..
NA
NA
Slag inclusion or
Elongated
Inclusion
Undercutting
..
NA
NA
Surface porosity
or Exposed slag
indication
Surface Finish
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Concave Root
Surface
(Suck Up)
Reinforcement
or Internal
Protrusion
..
NA
NA
..
X = required examination
NA = Not applicable
-- = Not Required
Procedure
Rev. No.
Rev. Date
Issue Date
: AMSYCO 200-004
: 07
: July 15, 2007
: Sept 01, 1993
A d d e n d u m 18 of 18
Criterion
Symbol
A
B
C
D
E
F
Measure
Extent of imperfection
Depth of Incomplete penetration
Cumulative length of incomplete penetration
Depth of lack of fusion and incomplete penetration
Cumulative length of lack of fusion and incomplete
penetration (Note 7)
Size and Distribution of internal porosity
Size and Distribution of internal porosity
Slag inclusion or elongated indication
Individual length
Individual width
Cumulative length
Slag inclusion or elongated indication
Individual length
Individual width
Cumulative length
Depth of undercut
Depth of undercut
Surface roughness
Depth of root surface concavity
Height of reinforcement or internal protrusion in any plane
through the weld shall be within limits of the applicable
height value in the tabulation at right. Weld metal shall
merge smoothly into the component surfaces.
H
I
J
K
L
Notes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Criteria given are for required examination. More stringent criteria may be specified in the
engineering design.
Longitudinal groove weld includes straight and spiral seam. Criteria are not intended to apply
welds in accordance with a standard listed in table A-1 or Table 326.1 of ASME B31.1.
Fillet weld includes socket and seal welds, and attachment for slip-on flanges and branch
reinforcement.
Branch connection weld includes pressure-containing welds in branches and fabricated laps.
These imperfections are evaluated only for weld > 3/16 in. (5 mm) in nominal thickness.
Where two limiting values are separated by and the lesser of the values determines acceptable.
Where two sets of values are separated by or the larger value is acceptable.
Tightly butted unfused root faces are unacceptable.
For groove welds, height is the lesser of the measurements made from the surfaces of the
adjacent components. For filler welds, height is measured from the theoretical throat.
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