Equipment for Engineering Education

Experiment Instructions
HM 150.08 Impact of Jet
Apparatus

G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH

Fahrenberg 14
D-22885 Barsbttel
Germany
Phone:

++49 (40) 670854.0

Fax:

++49 (40) 670854.42

E-mail:

sales@gunt.de

Web:

http://www.gunt.de

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IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

HM 150.08

Experiment Instructions
Please read and follow the safety regulations before the first installation!

Publication-no.: 917.000 08 A 150 02 (A)

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HM 150.08

IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

Table of Contents
1

Unit Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Preparing and Performing the Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Calculation of Theoretical Jet Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

3.1 For Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2 For Hemisphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.3 For Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.4 For Cone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Results of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.1 Measured Values for Plate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.2 Measured Values for Hemisphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4.3 Measured Values for Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.4 Measured Values for Cone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.1 Plate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.2 Hemisphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.3 Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
5.4 Cone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Evaluation of Experiment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.1 Comparison of Theoretical and Measured Force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.2 Comparison of the Four Bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Technical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

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HM 150.08
1

IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

Unit Description
The unit is designed to investigate jet forces impacting against stationary deflectors.
The impact forces are produced by a water jet.
The impact forces are measured using a lever
mechanism and loading weights.

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

The impact forces of the water jet are set via the
flow rate. Water is supplied either from the HM150
basic flow module or by way of the laboratory
mains.
The HM150 enables a closed water circuit to be
constructed.
1

The unit essentially consists of:

Base Plate [7]

Inlet connection [8]

Drain connection [6]

Perspex vessel [5]

Nozzle [4]

Deflector [3]

Lever mechanism [2]

Loading weights [1]

Various deflectors can be fitted at position [3].

8

1 Unit Description

Plate

Hemissphere

Slope

Cone

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HM 150.08
2

Preparing and Performing the Experiment

Performance of Experiment:

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

Place the test set-up on the HM150 so that

the drain routes the water into the channel.

Fit connecting hose between HM150 and

unit.

Open HM150 drain.

Assemble deflector [1], (Plate, Hemisphere,

Slope or Cone ). Loosen the 3 screws [3] on
the cover [4] and remove cover together with
lever mechanism. Fit appropriate deflector.
Do not forget to tighten lock nut [2] on rod.
Screw cover back onto vessel.

Use adjusting screw [5] to set pointer to zero

(zero notch [7]). When doing so, do not place
any loading weights on measurement system [8].

Apply desired loading weight [8] 0.2N; 0.3N;

1N; 2N; 5N or combinations thereof.

Close main HM150 cock.

Switch on HM150 pump.

Carefully open main cock until pointer is on

zero again.

Close HM150 drain cock.

Determine volumetric flow. This involves recording time t required to fill up the volumetric
tank of the HM150 from 20 to 30 litres.

Add loading weights and note down time t for

10 litres.

Switch off pump, open drain.

7
5

2 Preparing and Performing the Experiment

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IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

Calculation of Theoretical Jet Force

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

The theoretical jet force is calculated from the principle of linear momentum
kg
The density of the water is r = 1
l

3.1

For Plate

Fth = V r (w 1 - w 2 )
.

F
w1
w2

w2

if w 2 = 0 then
.

Fth = V r w 1
Plate

3.2

For Hemisphere

Fth = V r (w 1 - w 2 )
.

if w 2 = - w 1 then

w1

Fth = 2 V r w 1
w2

w2
Hemisphere

3 Calculation of Theoretical Jet Force

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HM 150.08
3.3

For Slope

F x = V r w 1 cos a
F

w2

Fth = F x cos a

Fth = V r w 1 cos 2 a

45

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

with a = 45

w2
w1
Slope

Attention! Please note direction of coordinate axis!

3.4

For Cone

Fth = V r (w 1 - w 2 x )

F
270
w1

w2

w 2 = - w 1 cos a

w2

Cone

3 Calculation of Theoretical Jet Force

with a = 45

w 2 x = w 2 cos a
Fth = V r w 1 (1 + cos 2 a )

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IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

Results of Measurement
The measured Values for deflectors with Plate,
Hemisphere, Slope and Cone face are listed below.

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

A tolerance of 0.2 N was produced in the measurements by adding further small loading weights.

4.1

Measured Values for Plate

Plate (90o deflection)

F
w1
w2

w2

Plate

4.2

Force F
in N 0.2

Mesuring time
in s

Flow rate
in ltr/s

0.5

45

0.22

1.0

35

0.29

2.0

24

0.41

3.0

21

0.48

7.0

13

0.74

Measured Volume : 10 Ltr

Measured Values for Hemisphere

Hemisphere (180o deflection)

w1

w2

w2
Hemisphere

4 Results of Measurement

Force F
in N 0.2

Mesuring time
in s

Flow rate
in ltr/s

0.5

61

0.16

1.0

48

0.21

2.0

36

0.28

3.0

28

0.36

6.0

21

0.48

Measured Volume : 10 Ltr

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IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

HM 150.08
4.3

Measured Values for Slope

Slope (45 and 135 deflection)

w2

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

45
w2
w1
Slope

4.4

Force F
in N 0.2

Mesuring time
in s

Flow rate
in ltr/s

0.2

43

0.23

0.5

30

0.33

0.8

28

0.36

1.0

24

0.42

1.5

21

0.48

Force F
in N 0.2

Mesuring time
in s

Flow rate
in ltr/s

0.5

49

0.20

1.0

41

0.24

2.0

30

0.33

3.0

25

0.40

5.0

19

0.52

Measured Volume : 10 Ltr

Measured Values for Cone

Cone (135 deflection)

F
270
w1

w2

w2

Cone

4 Results of Measurement

Measured Volume : 10 Ltr

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HM 150.08
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IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

Results
The velocity w1 of the jet from the nozzle is calculated from the volumetric flow and the cross-sectional area AD of the nozzle.
.

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

w1

where

4 V
p d 2

AD

p d

V
AD

Nozzle diameter d = 10mm = 0,01m

The Values for the 4 bodies are as follows :

5.1

5 Results

Plate
Flow rate
V in ltr/s

velocity
w1 in m/s

calculated Force
Fth in N

measured Force
F in N

0.22

2.82

0.62

0.5

0.29

3.65

1.04

1.0

0.41

5.26

2.17

2.0

0.48

6.12

2.95

3.0

0.74

9.42

2.96

7.0

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HM 150.08

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

5.2

5.3

5.4

5 Results

IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

Hemisphere
Flow rate
V in ltr/s

velocity
w1 in m/s

calculated Force
Fth in N

measured Force
F in N

0.16

2.07

0.68

0.5

0.21

2.66

1.11

1.0

0.28

3.57

2.01

2.0

0.36

4.56

3.27

3.0

0.48

6.06

5.77

6.0

Flow rate
V in ltr/s

velocity
w1 in m/s

calculated Force
Fth in N

measured Force
F in N

0.23

2.96

0.34

0.2

0.33

4.22

0.7

0.5

0.36

4.52

0.8

0.8

0.42

5.31

1.11

1.0

0.48

6.11

1.47

1.5

Flow rate
V in ltr/s

velocity
w1 in m/s

calculated Force
Fth in N

measured Force
F in N

0.20

2.58

0.78

0.5

0.24

3.1

1.13

1.0

0.33

4.23

2.11

2.0

0.40

5.1

3.06

3.0

0.52

6.56

5.06

5.0

Slope

Cone

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IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

Evaluation of Experiment

6.1

Comparison of Theoretical and Measured Force

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

Calculation of the jet impact forces from the principle of linear momentum yields a good level of coincidence with the measured Values:
calculated Force
Fth in N

mesaured Force
F in N

Plate

1.04

Hemisphere

1.11

Slope

1.11

Cone

1.13

Example Value :
1N

6.2

Comparison of the Four Bodies

The 4 bodies used have a different geometry. This
is the reason, why the energy of the water jet is
used different by each body. How large the extent
of utilisation is, can be seen, for example, on the
amount of water need to raise a body against the
force F:
Example Value :
0.5 N

Flow rate V in ltr/s

Plate

0.22

Hemisphere

0.16

Slope

0.33

Cone

020

It is obvious, that the Hemisphere uses the energy of the water jet best.
The lowest extent of utilisation is made with the
Slope.

6 Evaluation of Experiment

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HM 150.08
7

IMPACT OF JET APPARATUS

Technical Data

Perspex cylinder:
Diameter :

200 mm

Hight :

340 mm

All Rights Reserved G.U.N.T. Gertebau GmbH, Barsbttel, Germany 01/2001

Set of weights:
4 pc. of

0.2 N

3 pc. of

0.3 N

2 pc. of
2 pc. of

1N
2N

2 pc. of

5N

Flow rate:

max. 45 ltr/min

Main dimensions:

7 Technical Data

Length:

400 mm

Width:

400 mm

Height:

approx. 875 mm

Weight:

approx. 23 kg

10