Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 45 views

    REHA2171 - Osteopathy Theory and Practice 1: Anatomical Planes

    Uploaded by

    Hammad -ullah
    This document provides definitions for anatomical terminology that osteopathy students need to be familiar with. It lists terms related to anatomical position, anatomical planes, relationships between body parts, laterality, movement, and references key anatomy texts. Terms include cephalad, caudal, superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and pronation. Understanding these terms is fundamental for studying osteopathy theory and practice.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    REHA2171 - Osteopathy Theory and Practice 1: Anatomical Planes

    Uploaded by

    Hammad -ullah
    45 views3 pages
    This document provides definitions for anatomical terminology that osteopathy students need to be familiar with. It lists terms related to anatomical position, anatomical planes, relationships between body parts, laterality, movement, and references key anatomy texts. Terms include cephalad, caudal, superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and pronation. Understanding these terms is fundamental for studying osteopathy theory and practice.

    Original Description:

    very basic

    Original Title

    Basic

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document provides definitions for anatomical terminology that osteopathy students need to be familiar with. It lists terms related to anatomical position, anatomical planes, relationships between body parts, laterality, movement, and references key anatomy texts. Terms include cephalad, caudal, superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and pronation. Understanding these terms is fundamental for studying osteopathy theory and practice.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    45 views3 pages

    REHA2171 - Osteopathy Theory and Practice 1: Anatomical Planes

    Uploaded by

    Hammad -ullah
    This document provides definitions for anatomical terminology that osteopathy students need to be familiar with. It lists terms related to anatomical position, anatomical planes, relationships between body parts, laterality, movement, and references key anatomy texts. Terms include cephalad, caudal, superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and pronation. Understanding these terms is fundamental for studying osteopathy theory and practice.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    REHA2171 Osteopathy Theory and Practice 1

    Basic Anatomical Terminology


    The following is a list of anatomical terms that you need to become familiar with. The
    information is taken from Moores1 text, the Glossary of Osteopathic Terminology2 and
    Dorlonds Medical Dictionary3 and you should refer to these, or similar texts, for a fuller
    explanation of the terms.
    Anatomical Position: a. the head, eyes and toes are facing forward or anteriorly,
    b. arms are by the side with palms facing forward or anteriorly
    c. lower limbs are hip width apart
    This is the position that the body is considered to be in the anatomical or neutral position. It
    allows descriptive terms to be added to in a consistent fashion.
    Prone lying on stomach, or face down
    Supine lying on back, face up

    Anatomical Planes
    Median plane cuts the body in half from head to toe and delineates the right and left side
    of the body. It is a vertical plane. Also called mid-sagittal plane
    Sagittal plane Vertical plane that lies parallel to the median plane
    Frontal or coronal plane - vertical plane that passes from one side of the body to the other
    and separates the body into front (anterior) or back (posterior) sections.
    Transverse plane a horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior
    (lower) parts

    Terms of Relationship and Comparison


    These are often paired terms that represent the opposite position.
    Cephalad toward the head
    Caudad or caudal toward the tail or feet region
    Superior situated above or directed upward
    Inferior situated below or directed downward
    Anterior situated or directed toward the front
    Posterior situated or directed toward the back
    Medial situated or directed toward the mid-line of the body
    Lateral situated or directed away from the mid-line of the body

    Dorsum back of a structure often hand or foot


    Palmar relating to the surface of the palm
    Plantar relating to the sole of the foot
    Proximal nearest to the site of attachment of a limb or centre of body
    Distal toward the end of the limb or centre of the body
    External situated or near the outside of the body
    Internal situated or near the inside of the body
    Superficial closest to the outside of the body
    Intermediate between the surface and interior of the body
    Deep closest to the centre of the body
    Axial 80 bones along the central axis of the human body composed of six parts: the
    human skull, ossicles of the middle ear, hyoid bone, rib cage, sternum, vertebral
    column
    Appendicular 126 bones of the human body. a part that is joined to something larger
    divided into six major regions: 1. pectoral girdles 2. arm and forearm 3. hands
    4. pelvis 5. thigh and legs 6. feet and ankles
    Combined terms
    There is often a need to combine some of the above terms to more accurately describe the
    location, plane or position of the body part we are discussing or examining. Some examples
    are: inferomedial, superolateral, etc.

    Terms of Laterality
    Bilateral
    Unilateral
    Ipsilateral

    having two sides, or pertaining to both sides


    affecting one side
    situated on, pertaining to, or affecting the same side, as opposed to
    contralateral
    Contralateral situated on, pertaining to, or affecting the opposite side, as opposed to
    ipsilateral

    Terms of Movement 1, 3
    Flexion
    Extension

    1. Forward motion of the spine around a transverse axis


    2. In relation to a joint: the approximation of a curve or joint
    1. Backward motion of the spine around a transverse axis
    2. in relation to a joint: the straightening of a curve or joint

    Side bending/lateral flexion: movement in a coronal plane about an anteroposterior axis


    Rotation:
    motion about an axis.
    Abduct:
    Adduct:

    to draw away from the median plane or from the axial line of a limb
    to draw toward the median plane or toward the axial line of a limb

    Pronation
    Supination

    when applied to the hand the act of turning the palm backward or posteriorly
    or downward
    when applied to the hand the act of turning the palm forward or anteriorly or
    upward

    Internal rotation
    External rotation

    rotation toward the centre of the body


    rotation away from the centre of the body

    Plantar flexion

    motion that increases the angle between the dorsal surface of the foot
    and the shin
    motion that decreases the angle between the dorsal surface of the
    foot and the shin

    Dorsiflexion
    Protrusion
    Retrusion

    a movement in the anterior direction


    a movement in the posterior direction

    Protraction
    Retraction

    anterolateral movement of the scapular


    posteromedial movement of the scapular

    Elevation
    Depression

    a movement in a superior direction


    a movement in an inferior direction

    Eversion
    Inversion

    sole of foot moves away from median plane


    sole of foot moves toward a median plane

    Circumduction

    a circular motion that involves flexion, abduction, extension and


    adduction in a sequence

    Opposition

    motion in which the pad of the thumb is brought toward the pad of a
    finger
    Reposition
    motion in which the pad of the thumb is taken away from the pad of a
    finger
    Palmar abduction
    motion of the thumb away from the palmar surface of the hand when
    in the neutral position
    Palmar adduction
    motion of the thumb back to neutral position from position of palmar
    abduction

    References
    1. Moore KL, Dalley AF and Agur AM. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 6th Ed. 2010.
    Phildelphia:Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
    2. Chila AG. Editor. Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine. 3rd Ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott
    Williams & Wilkins. 2011.
    3. Taylor EJ. Ed. Dorlands Illustrated Medical Dictionary. 27th Ed. 1988. Philadelphia:W.B.
    Saunders Co.

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy