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    2010 Stoichiometry Tut Ans

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    Dom
    This document provides solutions to a chemistry tutorial covering topics including the mole concept, stoichiometry, acid-base titrations, and redox titrations. Key points include: - Calculations involving moles, mass, particles and molar ratios in chemical equations. - Determining limiting reagents, theoretical and percent yields in a reaction forming iron. - Calculations for acid-base titrations including amounts of reactants and products. - Oxidation states and balanced redox equations. Determining concentrations from a redox titration. - Overall, the document works through a variety of chemistry calculations applying mole and stoichiometry concepts to different reaction types.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2010 Stoichiometry Tut Ans

    Uploaded by

    Dom
    113 views8 pages
    This document provides solutions to a chemistry tutorial covering topics including the mole concept, stoichiometry, acid-base titrations, and redox titrations. Key points include: - Calculations involving moles, mass, particles and molar ratios in chemical equations. - Determining limiting reagents, theoretical and percent yields in a reaction forming iron. - Calculations for acid-base titrations including amounts of reactants and products. - Oxidation states and balanced redox equations. Determining concentrations from a redox titration. - Overall, the document works through a variety of chemistry calculations applying mole and stoichiometry concepts to different reaction types.

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    A level Chemistry

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    This document provides solutions to a chemistry tutorial covering topics including the mole concept, stoichiometry, acid-base titrations, and redox titrations. Key points include: - Calculations involving moles, mass, particles and molar ratios in chemical equations. - Determining limiting reagents, theoretical and percent yields in a reaction forming iron. - Calculations for acid-base titrations including amounts of reactants and products. - Oxidation states and balanced redox equations. Determining concentrations from a redox titration. - Overall, the document works through a variety of chemistry calculations applying mole and stoichiometry concepts to different reaction types.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    113 views8 pages

    2010 Stoichiometry Tut Ans

    Uploaded by

    Dom
    This document provides solutions to a chemistry tutorial covering topics including the mole concept, stoichiometry, acid-base titrations, and redox titrations. Key points include: - Calculations involving moles, mass, particles and molar ratios in chemical equations. - Determining limiting reagents, theoretical and percent yields in a reaction forming iron. - Calculations for acid-base titrations including amounts of reactants and products. - Oxidation states and balanced redox equations. Determining concentrations from a redox titration. - Overall, the document works through a variety of chemistry calculations applying mole and stoichiometry concepts to different reaction types.

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    of 8

    Raffles Junior College

    H2 Chemistry 2010/11
    Tutorial 1: Atoms, Molecules and Stoichiometry (Suggested Solutions)
    The Mole and Related Concepts
    1. (a)
    (b)
    (c)
    (d)

    2. (a) 1.00 x 1026


    (b) 7.22 x 1024
    (c) 2.69 x 1023

    8.00 kg
    1.60 x 106 kg
    360 g
    28.6 g

    3. (a)
    (b)
    (c)
    (d)

    6.49 mol
    84.4 mol
    2.23 x 10-4 mol
    8.31 x 10-3 mol

    4. Consider 1.000 g of ascorbic acid.


    Amount of C = Amount of CO2 = 1.500/44 = 0.0341 mol
    Amount of H = (2)(Amount of H2O) = (2)(0.405/18) = 0.045 mol
    Mass of C = (0.0341)(12.0) = 0.409 g
    Mass of H = (0.045)(1.0) = 0.045 g
    Mass of O = 1.000 - 0.409 - 0.045 = 0.546 g
    Amount of O = 0.546/16.0 = 0.0341 mol
    Mole ratio of C:H:O = 0.0341 : 0.045 : 0.0341 = 1 : 1.32 : 1 = 3 : 4 : 3
    Hence the empirical formula of ascorbic acid is C3H4O3.
    Let the molecular formula of ascorbic acid be (C3H4O3)n.
    Mr of (C3H4O3)n = [(3)(12.0) + (4)(1.0) + (3)(16.0)](n) = 176
    88n = 176
    Hence the molecular formula of ascorbic acid is C6H8O6.

    n = 176/88 = 2

    5.
    Element

    Cu

    % composition

    24.1

    6.1

    36.4

    Molar mass
    (g mol-1)
    Amount in
    100 g of K
    (mol)
    Mole ratio

    63.5

    1.0

    16.0

    24.1/63.5
    = 0.380

    6.1/1.0
    = 6.1

    36.4/16.0
    = 2.275

    Mole ratio
    using the
    formula of K

    0.380/0.380 :
    1
    :
    1

    6.1/0.380
    16

    :
    :

    2.275/0.380
    6.0

    (3x + 2y)

    (y + 4)

    From the table, y + 4 = 6 y = 2


    and 3x +2y =16 3x = 16 - (2)(2) =12 x = 4
    Molar mass of [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]SO4 = 263.6 g mol-1
    Mass of S in one mole of the salt K = 32.1 g
    Hence % by mass of S in the salt K = (32.1/263.6)(100%) = 12.2%

    6.

    Molar mass of BaSO4 = 233.1 g mol-1


    Amount of BaSO4 formed = 4.66/233.1 = 0.020 mol
    Amount of SO42- = Amount of BaSO4 = 0.020 mol
    Amount of M2SO4 = Amount of SO42- = 0.020 mol
    Mass of 0.020 mol of M2SO4 = 5.34 g
    Mass of 1 mol of M2SO4 = (1/0.020)(5.34) = 267 g
    Hence Mr of M2SO4 = 267
    Mass of 1 mol of SO42- = 32.1 + 64.0 = 96.1 g
    Hence Ar of M = (267 - 96.1)/2 = 85.45 85.5
    M is Rb.

    7(a)

    Molar mass of Fe2O3 = 159.6 g mol-1


    Molar mass of C
    = 12.0 g mol-1
    Amount of Fe2O3 = (700 x 106)/159.6 = 4.39 x 106 mol
    Amount of coke = (70.0 x 106)/12.0 = 5.83 x 106 mol
    2Fe2O3(s) + 3C(s) 3CO2(g) + 4Fe(s)
    Mole ratio
    2 :
    3
    Amount of Fe2O3(s) which would react with 5.83 x 106 mol of coke
    = (2/3)(5.83 x 106) mol
    = 3.89 x 106 mol
    Hence Fe2O3 was present in excess.
    The limiting reagent was coke.
    Hence amount of Fe produced = (4/3)(Amount of coke) = (4/3)(5.83 x 106) mol
    = 7.77 x 106 mol
    6
    8
    Theoretical yield of Fe = (7.77 x 10 )(55.8) = 4.34 x 10 g = 434 tonnes

    7(b)

    Amount of CO2 produced = Amount of coke reacted = 5.83 x 106 mol


    Hence volume of CO2 produced at s.t.p. = (5.83 x 106)(22.4) = 1.31 x 108 dm3

    7(c)

    Percentage yield of Fe = (300 / 434) (100%) = 69.1%

    Acid-base Titrations
    8(a) Amount of NaOH required = (250/1000)(0.120) mol = 0.030 mol
    Molar mass of NaOH = 40 g mol-1
    Hence mass of NaOH required = (0.030)(40) = 1.2 g
    8(b) Amount of NaCl present = (900/1000)(0.120) = 0.108 mol
    Concentration of NaCl(aq) required = 0.100 mol dm-3
    Volume of NaCl solution = (0.108 / 0.100) dm3 = 1.08 dm3 = 1080 cm3
    Hence volume of water to be added = (1080 - 900) = 180 cm3
    8(c) Let the volume of 0.0500 mol dm-3 HCl(aq) required = y dm3
    Then the volume of 0.0100 mol dm-3 HCl(aq) required = (2.00-y) dm3
    Amount of HCl in the final solution = (2.00)(0.0200) mol
    i.e. (0.0500)(y) + (0.0100)(2.00-y) = (2.00)(0.0200)
    y = 0.02/0.04 = 0.5
    Hence 0.500 dm3 of 0.0500 mol dm-3 HCl(aq) must be mixed with 1.50 dm3 of 0.0100
    mol dm-3 HCl(aq).

    8(d) Amount of NaOH(aq) reacted = (50.0/1000)(0.200) = 0.0100 mol


    H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
    Amount of H2SO4(aq) reacted = () (Amount of NaOH) = ()(0/0100) = 5.00 x 10-3
    mol
    Amount of H2SO4 used = (40.0/1000)(0.250) = 0.0100 mol
    Amount of unreacted H2SO4 = (0.0100 - 5.00 x 10-3) mol = 5.00 x 10-3 mol
    Total volume of solution = 90.0 cm3
    Hence concentration of H2SO4 in the solution obtained = (5.00 x 10-3)/(90.0 x 10-3)
    = 0.0556 mol dm-3
    9.

    Molar mass of NaOH = 40.0 g mol-1


    Concentration of NaOH in FA 2 = 5.00/40.0 = 0.125 mol dm-3
    Amount of NaOH reacted = (17.00/1000)(0.125) = 2.125 x 10-3 mol
    Let H2A denote HOOC(CH2)nCOOH.
    H2A(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) Na2A(aq) + 2H2O(l)
    Amount of H2A reacted = ()(Amount of NaOH reacted)

    = ()(2.125 x 10-3)
    =1.06 x 10-3 mol

    Amount of H2A in 25.0 cm3 of F3 = 1.06 x 10-3 mol


    Concentration of H2A in FA 1 = (1.06 x 10-3) / (25.0/1000) = 0.0424 mol dm-3
    Mass concentration of H2A in F3 = 5.00 g dm-3
    Molar mass of H2A = (5.00/0.0424) = 118 g mol-1
    Molar mass of HOOC(CH2)nCOOH = (14.0n + 90.0) g mol-1
    Hence 14.0n + 90.0 = 118 n = 28/14 = 2
    10.
    (a)

    (NH4)2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + 2NH3(g) + 2H2O(l)


    HCl(aq) + NH3(g) NH4Cl(aq)

    (b)

    Amount of NaOH(aq) reacted = (20.0/1000)(0.100) = 0.00200 mol


    NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
    Amount of HCl(aq) which reacted with NaOH(aq) = 0.00200 mol
    Total amount of HCl(aq) used = (50.0/1000) (0.100) = 0.00500 mol
    Amount of HCl(aq) which reacted with NH3(g) = 0.00500 - 0.00200
    = 0.00300 mol
    Amount of NH3 reacted = Amount of HCl(aq) = 0.00300 mol
    Amount of N present in 1.00 g of the foodstuff = Amount of NH3 = 0.00300 mol
    Mass of N present = (0.00300)(14.0) = 0.0420 g
    Hence percentage of N present in the foodstuff = (0.0420/1.00) x 100 % = 4.20 %

    Redox Titrations
    11.
    (a) Pb
    (b) V
    (c) N
    (d) Cr

    +4
    +5
    3,
    +6

    (e) Ti
    (f) C
    (g) N
    (h) O

    N +5

    +4
    +3
    +4
    +2

    (i) O
    (j) N
    (k) S
    (l) Mn

    (m) S
    (n) Cl
    (o) I
    (p) Br

    1
    1
    +6
    +6

    12.
    (a) redox reaction

    (e) redox reaction

    (b) complex formation

    (f) reduction

    (c) precipitation
    (d) redox reaction/(thermal)
    decomposition

    (g) disproportionation
    (h) oxidation

    +6
    +5
    +7
    +1

    (i) acid-base
    reaction
    or
    neutralisation

    13. Only the overall equations are given.


    (a) 8I (aq) + H2SO4(aq) + 8H+(aq) 4I2(g) + H2S(g) + 4H2O(l)
    (b) Cr2O72-(aq) + 6Fe2+(aq) + 14H+(aq) 2Cr3+(aq) + 6Fe3+(aq) + 7H2O(l)
    (c) H2O2(aq) + 2I-(aq) + 2H+(aq) 2H2O(l) + I2(aq)
    (d) 2MnO4-(aq) + 5H2O2(l) + 6H+(aq) 2Mn2+(aq) + 5O2(g) + 8H2O(l)
    (e) 3MnO42-(aq) + 4H+(aq) MnO2(s) + 2MnO4-(aq) + 2H2O(l)
    (f) FeC2O4(aq) + 3Ce3+(aq) Fe3+(aq) + 2CO2(g) + 3Ce2+(aq)
    (g) 3Cl2(g) + 8NH3(g) N2(g) + 6NH4Cl(s)

    14.
    (a) ClO (aq) + Mn(OH)2(s) Cl-(aq) + MnO2(s) + H2O(l)
    (b) 3Cl2(g) + 6OH-(aq) 5Cl (aq) + ClO3 (aq) + 3H2O(l)
    (c) 3ClO-(aq) 2Cl-(aq) + ClO3 (aq)

    15.

    Amount of NaOH reacted = (0.01475 dm3)(0.100 mol dm-3) = 1.475 x 10-3 mol
    2NaOH(aq) + H2C2O4(aq) Na2C2O4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
    Amount of H2C2O4 reacted = ()(Amount of NaOH reacted) = ()(1.475 x 10-3)
    = 7.375 x10-4 mol
    Hence concentration of H2C2O4 in the solution = (7.375 x 10-4 mol)/(0.0250 dm3)
    = 0.0295 mol dm-3
    Amount of MnO4 reacted = (0.0320 dm3)(0.0205 mol dm-3) = 6.56 x 10-4 mol
    2MnO4 (aq) + 5C2O42 (aq) + 16H+(aq) 2Mn2+(aq) + 10CO2(g) + 8H2O(l)
    Amount of C2O42 reacted = (5/2)(Amount of MnO4- reacted) = (5/2)(6.56 x 10-4)
    = 1.64 x 10-3 mol

    Note: 1 mol H2C2O4 1 mol C2O42


    Amount of C2O42 which came from H2C2O4 = Amount of H2C2O4 = 7.375 x 10-4 mol

    Amount of C2O42 which came from Na2C2O4

    = (1.64x10-3 7.375x10-4) mol


    = 9.025 x 10-4 mol

    Note: 1 mol of Na2C2O4 1 mol of C2O42


    Amount of Na2C2O4 = 9.025 x 10-4 mol
    Hence concentration of Na2C2O4 in the solution = (9.025 x 10-4 mol)/(0.025 dm3)
    = 0.0361 mol dm-3

    16(a) 2NH2OH N2 + 2H2O + 2H+ + 2e


    2NH2OH N2O + H2O + 4H+ + 4e

    16(b) Amount of Fe3+ reacted = (0.0100 dm3)(0.500 mol dm-3) = 5.00 x 10-3 mol
    Amount of NH2OH reacted = (0.0500 dm3)(0.0500 mol dm-3) = 2.50 x 10-3 mol
    Mole ratio of Fe3+ to NH2OH = 5.00 x 10-3 : 2.50 x 10-3 = 2 : 1
    Hence 2 moles of Fe3+ reacted with 1 mole of NH2OH.
    2Fe3+ + 2e 2Fe2+
    Amount of e gained by 2 mol of Fe3+ = 2 mol
    Amount of e lost by 1 mol of NH2OH
    = Amount of e gained by 2 mol of Fe3+
    = 2 mol

    The relevant oxidation half-equation is therefore


    2NH2OH N2O + H2O + 4H+ + 4e
    in which 1 mole of NH2OH loses 2 mol of electrons.

    NH2OH is oxidised to N2O.


    Overall equation: 2NH2OH + 4Fe3+ N2O + 4Fe2+ + H2O + 4H+
    17(a) Molar mass of Na2S2O3.5H2O = 46.0 + 64.2 + 48.0 + 90.0 = 248.2 g mol-1
    Concentration of Na2S2O3.5H2O in solution F6 = (12.1/248.2) mol dm-3
    = 0.0488 mol dm-3
    2
    Concentration of S2O3 ions in solution F6 = 0.0488 mol dm-3

    Amount of S2O32 ions reacted = (0.0244 dm3)(0.0488 mol dm-3) = 1.19 x 10-3 mol
    2S2O32 (aq) + I2(aq) S4O62 (aq) + 2I (aq)
    Mole ratio 2
    : 1
    Amount of I2 reacted = (1/2)(Amount of S2O32 ) = (1/2)(1.19 x 10-3) mol
    = 5.95 x 10-4 mol

    Concentration of MXO3 in F5 = (1.20 g dm-3) / (151 g mol-1) = 7.95 x 10-3 mol dm-3
    Concentration of XO3 ions in F5 = 7.95 x 10-3 mol dm-3
    Amount of XO3 which reacted with I to form I2 = (0.0250)(7.95 x 10-3)
    = 1.99 x 10-4 mol

    Amount of I2 liberated by 1.99 x 10-4 mol of XO3 = 5.95 x 10-4 mol


    Hence amount of I2 liberated by 1 mol of XO3 = (5.95 x 10-4) / (1.99 x10-4)
    = 2.99 mol 3 mol

    17(b)

    2I I2 + 2e
    Amount of e lost by I ions to produce 3 moles of I2 = (2)(3) mol = 6 mol
    Hence amount of e gained by 1 mole of XO3 ions = 6 mol

    Oxidation number of X in XO3 = +5

    When X in XO3- gains 6 electrons, oxidation number in product will be +56 = 1


    Hence the product obtained is X where the oxidation number of X is 1.

    17(c) oxidation half-equation:


    reduction half-equation:

    2I I2 + 2e
    XO3 + 6H+ + 6e X + 3H2O

    ------(1)
    ------(2)

    (1)x3 + (2) gives the overall redox equation:


    XO3 (aq) + 6I (aq) + 6H+(aq) X (aq) + 3H2O(l) + 3I2(aq)

    18.

    Let there be y grams of ethanedioic acid in 25.0 cm3 of solution.


    2MnO4 5C2O42
    If acid were anhydrous (molar mass of anhydrous ethanedioic acid is 90.0 g mol1),
    no. of moles of ethanedioic acid in 25.0 cm3 = (y/90.0)
    no. of moles of MnO4 required for oxidation = (2/5)(y/90.0) = (22.5/1000)M ---(1)
    where M is the concentration of MnO4.
    Since acid was hydrated (molar mass = (90.0 + 18x) g mol1)
    no. of moles of ethanedioic acid in 25.0 cm3 = [y/(90.0 + 18x)]
    no. of moles of MnO4 required for oxidation
    = (2/5) [y/(90.0 + 18x)] = (16.1/1000)M ---(2)
    where M is the concentration of MnO4.
    Therefore, making M the subject in (1) and (2) and equating them, solving for x
    gives a value of 1.99.
    x = 2 (to nearest whole number)
    Note: There are alternative methods to this question.

    19.

    Given that MnO4 5Fe2+,


    no. of moles of Fe2+ in 25.0 cm3 of pipetted solution = 5 (20.00/1000)(0.0220)
    = 0.00220 mol
    2+
    3
    no. of moles of Fe in 1 dm of solution = (1000/25.0) 0.00220 = 0.0880 mol
    therefore, molar mass of FeSO4.yH2O = 24.400/0.0880 = 277.2 g mol1.
    Solving for y gives a value of 6.96. Therefore y = 7 (to nearest whole number).

    20.

    No. of moles of ammonia produced by boiling 25.0 cm3 of ammonium chloride


    solution with NaOH = (25.0/1000)(5.00/53.5) = 0.002336 mol
    No. of moles of sulfuric acid reacted with ammonia = (1/2)(0.002336) = 0.001168
    No. of moles of sulfuric acid left unreacted = (25.00/1000)(0.100) 0.001168
    = 0.001332 mol
    No. of moles of NaOH required to neutralise unreacted H2SO4 = 2 0.001332
    = 0.002664 mol
    Volume of 0.100 mol dm3 NaOH = 26.64 cm3

    21.

    No. of moles of NaOH reacted with 25.0 cm3 of HCl = (21.40/1000)(0.100)


    = 0.00214 mol
    No. of moles of unreacted HCl in 250 cm3 = 0.00214 (250/25.0) = 0.0214 mol
    Initial no. of moles of HCl = (50.0/1000) 1.00 = 0.0500 mol
    No. of moles of HCl reacted with 0.800 g of MO = 0.0500 0.0214 = 0.0286 mol
    Mass of MO reacting with 1 mol of HCl = 0.800/0.0286 = 27.97 g = 28.0 g
    6

    No. of moles of MO in 0.800 g = 0.0286/2 (since MO 2HCl) = 0.0143 mol


    molar mass of MO = 0.800/0.0143 = 55.9 g mol1
    relative molecular mass = 55.9
    relative atomic mass of M = 39.9.
    22.

    No. of moles of excess HCl = no. of moles of NaOH used in neutralisation


    = (30/1000) 1.00 = 0.0300 mol.
    Initial no. of moles of HCl = (50/1000) 1.00 = 0.0500 mol
    No. of moles of HCl reacted with 1.000 g of anhydrous normal carbonate of X
    = 0.0500 0.0300 = 0.0200 mol.
    Since X is divalent, the carbonate has formula XCO3. Therefore, XCO3 2HCl.
    No. of moles of XCO3 reacted with 0.0200 mol of HCl = (0.0200/2) = 0.0100 mol.
    Therefore, molar mass of XCO3 = (1.000/0.0100) = 100 g mol1 and relative atomic
    mass of X is 40.0.

    23.

    Consider the titration with methyl orange as indicator.


    NaHCO3(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
    Amount of HCl(aq) which reacted with NaHCO3
    = (4.50/1000)(0.700)
    = 3.15 x 10-3 mol
    Amount of NaHCO3 reacted = Amount of HCl reacted = 3.15 x 10-3 mol
    Consider the titration with phenolphthalein as indicator.
    NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
    Na2CO3(aq) + HCl(aq) NaHCO3(aq) + NaCl(aq)
    Amount of Na2CO3 which reacted to give NaHCO3 = 3.15 x 10-3 mol
    Amount of HCl which reacted with Na2CO3 to give NaHCO3 = 3.15 x 10-3 mol
    Total amt of HCl(aq) reacted in this titration = (14.40/1000)(0.700) = 0.01008 mol
    Hence amount of HCl(aq) which reacted with NaOH = (0.01008 - 3.15 x 10-3)
    = 6.93 x 10-3 mol
    Amount of NaOH(aq) reacted = Amount of HCl reacted = 6.93 x 10-3 mol
    Molar mass of Na2CO3 = 106 g mol-1
    Mass of Na2CO3 present = (3.15 x 10-3)(106) = 0.3339 g
    mass concentration of Na2CO3 in the solution = 0.3339/0.020 = 16.695 g dm-3
    = 16.7 g dm-3 (3s.f.)
    -1
    Molar mass of NaOH = 40 g mol
    Mass of NaOH present = (40)(6.93 x 10-3) = 0.2772 g
    mass concentration of NaOH in the solution = 0.2772/0.0200 = 13.86 g dm-3
    = 13.9 g dm-3 (3s.f.)

    24.

    Amount of NaOH(aq) reacted = (24.80/1000)(0.100) = 2.48 x 10-3 mol


    NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
    Amount of HCl(aq) which did not react with CaCO3
    = Amount of NaOH reacted
    = 2.48 x 10-3 mol
    Total amount of HCl(aq) used = (100/1000)(0.200) = 0.0200 mol
    Hence amount of HCl(aq) which reacted with CaCO3 = (0.0200 - 2.48 x 10-3) mol
    = 0.01752 mol
    CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
    Amount of CaCO3(s) reacted
    = () (Amount of HCl reacted) = ()(0.01752)
    = 8.76 x 10-3 mol
    7

    Molar mass of CaCO3 = 100.1 g mol-1


    Mass of CaCO3 reacted = (100.1)(8.76 x 10-3) = 0.877 g
    Hence percentage of CaCO3 in the sample = (0.877/1.00)(100%) = 87.7%
    25.

    Since 25.0 cm3 of NaOH is neutralised by 23.70 cm3 of HCl, 24.60 cm3 of NaOH is
    neutralised by (23.70/25.0)(24.60) = 23.32 cm3.
    Volume of HCl reacted with 1.010 g of CaCO3 = 26.68 cm3.
    no. of moles of CaCO3 used = (1.010)/100.1) = 0.1009 mol
    no. of moles of HCl in 26.68 cm3 = 0.02018 mol (since CaCO3 2HCl)
    and concentration = (0.02018)/0.02668 = 0.756 mol dm3

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