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    Introduction To Organic Chemistry Tutorial

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    Dom
    The document contains lecture notes on introductory organic chemistry. It includes examples of drawing structural formulas, naming organic compounds using IUPAC rules, determining hybridization and chirality, identifying isomers, and classifying organic reactions. The notes cover topics such as functional groups, stereochemistry, substitution, elimination, addition and other reaction types.

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    Introduction To Organic Chemistry Tutorial

    Uploaded by

    Dom
    294 views5 pages
    The document contains lecture notes on introductory organic chemistry. It includes examples of drawing structural formulas, naming organic compounds using IUPAC rules, determining hybridization and chirality, identifying isomers, and classifying organic reactions. The notes cover topics such as functional groups, stereochemistry, substitution, elimination, addition and other reaction types.

    Original Description:

    Chemistry A level

    Original Title

    Introduction to Organic Chemistry Tutorial

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    The document contains lecture notes on introductory organic chemistry. It includes examples of drawing structural formulas, naming organic compounds using IUPAC rules, determining hybridization and chirality, identifying isomers, and classifying organic reactions. The notes cover topics such as functional groups, stereochemistry, substitution, elimination, addition and other reaction types.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    294 views5 pages

    Introduction To Organic Chemistry Tutorial

    Uploaded by

    Dom
    The document contains lecture notes on introductory organic chemistry. It includes examples of drawing structural formulas, naming organic compounds using IUPAC rules, determining hybridization and chirality, identifying isomers, and classifying organic reactions. The notes cover topics such as functional groups, stereochemistry, substitution, elimination, addition and other reaction types.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5
    At a glance
    Powered by AI
    The passage discusses different types of organic compounds, their structures, naming conventions and reactions.

    The passage discusses branched-chain isomerism, positional isomerism, functional group isomerism, geometric isomerism, optical isomerism.

    The passage discusses sp3 and sp2 hybridized carbon atoms.

    Raffles Junior College

    H2 Chemistry 2010/11
    Lecture Notes 10 Introduction to Organic
    Chemistry
    Lecturer: Mrs Kwie Shiao Yin

    1. Draw the condensed structural formulae of the following compounds:


    (a) 4-bromo-1,2-dichlorobenzene
    (c) 3-methylpentanoic acid

    (b) 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene
    (d) 1,4-dimethylcyclohexene

    2. Give the displayed formulae of the following compounds:


    (a) 3-phenylbutan-2-ol

    (b) 2-aminopentanedial

    (c) 2-oxopropanoic acid

    3. Give the IUPAC names of the following compounds:


    (a)

    (b)

    OH OH

    CH3CHCHCH2CCH2CH
    3

    (c)

    (d)

    4. For each of the following compounds


    (i) predict the hybridisation and the geometry for each carbon atom
    (ii) mark any chiral carbons present with an asterisk.
    CH 3

    (a)

    (b)

    Nootkatone
    (Grapefruit oil)

    CH3

    O
    Androstene-one

    5. Give the structural formulae for all the compounds having the formula C5H10. State
    which types of isomerism are involved. Which of these isomers exist as a pair of
    stereoisomers?
    6. State clearly which types of stereoisomerism are involved and mark any chiral carbons
    present with an asterisk. If they do display stereoisomerism, draw the corresponding
    stereoisomers.
    (a) hex-3-ene

    (b) 2-bromobutane

    (c) cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid

    (d) cyclohexene

    (e) C6H5CH(OH)CH=CH2

    (f) CH3CH=CHCH2CH(OH)CH3

    7. Classify each of the following reactions as belonging to a particular category.


    (i.e. addition, substitution, elimination, rearrangement, hydrolysis, reduction, oxidation)
    (a)

    CH3Br

    (b) CH2=CH2

    H2

    (c)

    HCN

    AlBr3

    Pt catalyst

    HBr

    CH3CH3

    alc. KOH
    (d) CH3CH2CH2Cl

    (e) CH3CH3

    Cl2

    (h) CH=CH2
    HBr(g)

    uv light

    conc. H2SO4

    (f) CH3CH2OH
    (g)

    CH2=CHCH3 + HCl

    heat

    H2 O

    CH3CH2Cl

    + HCl

    CH2=CH2

    + H2 O

    CHBrCH3

    + NH4+

    CH(OH)CH3
    KOH(aq)
    warm

    Answers to Tutorial: 10
    Chemistry

    An Introduction to Organic

    1. (a)

    (c)

    (b) CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2

    CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2COOH

    2. (a)

    (d)

    (b)

    3. (a) 3-chloropent-1-ene
    (c) 4-ethyl-3,6-dimethyloctane
    4. (a)

    (c)

    (b) 5,6-dihydroxyheptan-3-one
    (d) 2-ethyl-1,1-dimethylcyclobutane
    (b)

    CH 3

    *
    *

    CH3

    *
    O

    Nootkatone
    (Grapefruit oil)

    All carbons are sp3 hybridised except


    the 5 which are double-bonded.
    They are sp2 hybridised.
    sp3 hybridised tetrahedral around C atom
    sp2 hybridised - trigonal planar around C atom

    *
    *

    Androstene-one

    All carbons are sp3 hybridised except


    the 3 which are double-bonded.
    They are sp2 hybridised.

    5. C5H10 10 structural isomers


    CH3CH2CH2CH=CH2

    CH3CH2CH=CHCH3

    geometric
    isomerism
    CH3CH2C(CH3)=CH2

    (CH3)2CHCH=CH2

    CH3CH=C(CH3)2

    Branched-chain isomerism, positional isomerism, functional group isomerism

    optical isomers

    geometric isomers

    6. (a) hex-3-ene: geometric isomerism

    (b) 2-bromobutane: optical isomerism


    H

    C H3C H2

    C
    *

    CH3

    H3C

    Br

    C
    *

    C H2C H3
    Br

    mi rror

    (c) cyclobutane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid


    geometric isomerism

    optical isomerism (for trans-isomer)

    COOH

    COOH

    COOH

    COOH
    mirror plane

    (d) cyclohexene: none

    (e) C6H5CH(OH)CH=CH2
    optical isomerism

    (f) CH3CH=CHCH2CH(OH)CH3
    geometric & optical isomerism
    *

    *
    H C* O H
    C H 2 = CH

    HO

    C* H
    CH =CH 2

    mirror plane

    m irr or p la n e

    *
    mirror plane

    8.

    a.
    b.
    c.
    d.
    e.
    f.
    g.
    i.

    electrophilic substitution
    addition/reduction/catalytic hydrogenation
    nucleophilic addition
    elimination
    free radical substitution
    elimination/dehydration
    hydrolysis
    1st step: electrophilic addition
    2nd step: nucleophilic substitution

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