Deflection Magnetometer Experiment

DEFLECTION MAGNETOMETER
The deflection magnetometer consists of a compass box C kept -at the

centre of a wooden board W of length about one metre.
The compass box consists of a short

magnetic needle pivoted horizontally at the centre of a graduated circular
scale. A long and light aluminium pointer P is fixed at right angles to the
magnetic needle. . The circular scale is divided into four quadrants. Each
quadrant is -griduited in degrees, from 0 to 90 such that_ the 00 ^graduations and 90-90 graduations ar.&-diametriealiy-opposite. A plane
mirror is fixed below Jhe_circular scale, to avoid the parallax error while
taking readings. The whole arrangement 'is enclosed in an ebonite or brass
case with a glass cover on the top. The two halves of the wooden board are
called the arms of the magnetometer, on which the given magnet may be
kept.( See Fig. 13.17) '
Deflection magnetometer makes use of the tangent law. It can be used to
find the pole strength of a magnet, to compare magnetic moments, field
strengths etc. XA^JO Adjustments
The deflection magnetometer can be adjusted in two positions (/)
tan A position or end-on position and (ii) tan Bposition or broad side on
position.
(Q tan A position, tan A position is also called the first position of
Gauss. In this position, the arm of the deflection magnetometer is arranged
in the east-west direction and the magnet is placed parallel to the arm CD as
shown in Fig. 13.18.
The compass needle in the box and the magnet NS kept on the arm form the
letter T, as the needle points along north-south and the magnet points along
east-west. Now the magnetic field B due to the magnet and the horizontal
component of the earth's field are perpendicular to each other. To adjust the
deflection magnetometer in the tan A position, first only the compass box is
rotated so that the line joining the zero-zero reading is parallel to the arms of
the magnetometer. After that, the deflection magnetometer as a whole is
rotated till the aluminium pointer reads zero. Now the magnetometer is set in
tan A position.
(if) tan B position. This position is also called the second position of
Gauss.In this position the" magnetometer is arranged with its arms in the
north-south direction and the given magnet is kept perpendicular to its arm.
The axis of the magnet is again in the east-west direction as shown in Fig.
13.19. Now also the needle in the box and the magnet NS kept on the arm
form the letter T. The magnetic field B due to the magnet and the horizontal
component BH of the earth's field are perpendicular to each other. To adjust
the magnetometer in the tan B position only the compass box is first rotated
such that the line joining 90-90 graduations is parallel to the arms of the
magnetometer. After that the deflection magnetometer as a whole is rotated
till the aluminium pointer reads zero-zero. Now the magnetometer is set in
tan B position. Experiment
(i) To Compare the magnetic moments, (a) tan A Position - Equal
Distance Method.
The deflection magnetometer is adjusted in the tan A position. One of the
magnets of magnetic moment M is placed on one of its arms so that its axial
line passes through the centre of the compass box. TTie magnet is so
adjusted that the deflection in the magnetometer is between 30 and 60.
The distance d between the centre of the compass box and the centre of the
magnet is noted as d [See Fig. 13.20]. The readings of both the ends of the
aluminium pointer are noted.
The magnet is reversed end to end in the same position and the readings of
both the ends of the pointer are again noted. The magnet is now taken to the
other arm and the readings are taken by keeping the magnet at the same
distance d from the centre of the compass box. The average value of these
eight readings is found out as 0,.
The experiment is repeated with the second magnet of moment M2, keeping
the magnet at the same distance d from the centre of the compass box. The
average of the eight readings is noted as 02.
Let 2/j and 212 be the lengths of the two magnets. The magnetic fields
produced by the magnets of moments Mx andM2 at the centre of the
compass box are B and B2 respectively. If BH is the horizontal component of
the magnetic field at the place then,
Mo
2M
\d
= IT , , = Bh tan 0, ...(/)
1
4n (d2 - Z,2)
H1
Ho 2M2d
and B2 = ---:-r- = Bf tan 02 ...(ii)
4n (d2 - I2) "
From equations (i) and (ii)

Mi _ (d2 - I2)2 tan9, Ml ~ (d2 - l22)2 * tan 92
Mi
The experiment may be repeated for different values of d and the average
value of is
M, tan 0j
calculated. If the magnets are of equal lengths or short then, 77- =0
-10 M2 tan 02
(ii) tan A position-null method. First the deflection magnetometer is

adjusted in the tan A position. The first magnet of moment M, is kept on one
arm at a distance dx from the centre of the compass box [See Fig. 13.21].
The second magnet of magnetic moment M2 is kept on
the other arm so that like poles of the two magnets face each other. The
position of the second magnet is so adjusted that there is no deflection. The
distance of the second magnet from the centre of the compass box is noted
as d2. The two magnets are reversed in their positions, and the experiment is
repeated.
When the compass box shows zero reading, the fields produced by the two
magnets at the centre of the compass box are equal, BL = B2
2 Midi _ 2 M2 d2 Mj _ d? - I,2)2 d2
(,d2 - ix2)2 = (d2 - i22)2' W2 ~ d2 - i22fxTi
Mx
The experiment is repeated for different values of dx and the average value
of is
M2
calculated.
Mi </,3
For short magnets, = 7 M2 d2
(b) tan B position, (i) Equal distance method. The deflection
magnetometer is adjusted in tan B position and the experiment is performed
in the same was as mentioned in tan A position [See Fig. 13.22].
M,
For the first magnet, 5, = ^-TTJn
= tan
...(i)
(d + I [ )
For the second magnet,
M2
B
2 = d2
^2)3/2 = BH
tan 0
2 -(")
From equations (i) and (')

Mi _ (d2 + Z,2)372 tan 6,
w2 ~ (d2 + Z22)372 x tiiTe;
Mi
The experiment is repeated for different values of d and the average value of
is
M2
M] tan 0!
calculated. If the magnets are short or of equal lengths,
&M6
M2 tan 02
(ii) tan B position - null method. The
TT-
=-
deflection magnetometer is adjusted in the tan B position. The first magnet

of moment Mx is placed on one arm at a distance dx from the compass box.
The second magnet of moment M2 is kept on the other arm as shown in Fig.
13.23. The expt. is performed as mentioned in tan A position, null method.
The magnetic fields produced by the two magnets at the centre of the
compass are equal and opposite.
Mj _ M2 d\2 + h2f/2 " (d22 + /22)372 Mj _ (d2 + hY2
deflection magnetometer is adjusted in the tan B position. The first magnet

of moment Mx is placed on one arm at a distance dx from the compass box.
The second magnet of moment M2 is kept on the other arm as shown in Fig.
13.23. The expt. is performed as mentioned in tan A position, null method.
The magnetic fields produced by the two magnets at the centre of the
compass are equal and opposite.
Mj _ M2 d\2 + h2f/2 " (d22 + /22)372 Mj _ (d2 + hY2
M2
(d22 + l2f/2
Mx
The experiment is repeated for different values of dx. The mean value of is
found out.
M\ d3
For short magnets, ~rr - r
M 2 d2
Comparison of Horizontal Intensities of Earth's Magnetic Field
First the deflection magnetometer is arranged in the tan A position, at the
place where the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field
is BH . The given bar magnet is placed
at a suitable distance and the experiment is performed as described in the
equal distance method. The average of the eight deflections fy is noted. The
experiment is repeated at the place where the horizontal component of the
earth's magnetic field is Let the average
of the eight deflections be 02. Since the same bar magnet is used at the two
places we have,
BH. tan 82
F
Bh1 tan 0j = BH^ tan 02 , ^ = ^
13.18. In an experiment to compare the magnetic moments of two

magnets by the equal distance method the average of 8 deflections
produced by the two magnets are 30 and 50 respectively. If the
magnets are of equal lengths find the ratio of the moments of the
two magnets.
Mi tan 0, tan 30
Ans. 0, = 30, 02 = 50, -- = - = = 0.48
1i
M2 tan 0! tan 50
13.19. In an experiment to compare the magnetic moments of two

magnets by the null method, the first magnet was kept at a
distance of 25 cm from the centre of the compass box. For getting
null deflection, the second magnet was kept at a distance of 20 cm

from the centre of the compass box. Find the ratio of the magnetic
moments, if they are of the same length.
M> d,3 253
Ans, d, = 25 cm, d2= 20 cm, - = Ar = ? = 1.9, Mx:M2 = 1.9:1
M2 d2 20
13.20. The compass needle in a deflection magnetometer showed a
deflection of 40 at one place and 46 at another place, when it was
adjusted in the tan A position. Compare the horizontal component
of the earth's magnetic fields at the two places. If the horizontal
component of the earth's magnetic field at the first place is
0.38 x KT* T what is its value at the second place?
Ans. 0! = 40, 02 = 46
Let the horizontal component of earth's magnetic field at the first place be
Bx and that at the second place be B2.
El =
tan 46 = ^ B2 tan 0, tan 40 '
Given B, = 0.38 x 10"4 T, B2 = ?

g, 0.38x10^
Q31xl(
wT 82 ~ 1.234 " 1.234 --31xl

Deflection Magnetometer Experiment

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DEFLECTION MAGNETOMETER

The deflection magnetometer consists of a compass box C kept -at the

The compass box consists of a short

4n (d2 - I2) "

From equations (i) and (ii)

(ii) tan A position-null method. First the deflection magnetometer is

From equations (i) and (')

(ii) tan B position - null method. The

deflection magnetometer is adjusted in the tan B position. The first magnet

deflection magnetometer is adjusted in the tan B position. The first magnet

Bh1 tan 0j = BH^ tan 02 , ^ = ^

13.18. In an experiment to compare the magnetic moments of two

13.19. In an experiment to compare the magnetic moments of two

null deflection, the second magnet was kept at a distance of 20 cm

tan 46 = ^ B2 tan 0, tan 40 '

Given B, = 0.38 x 10"4 T, B2 = ?

wT 82 ~ 1.234 " 1.234 --31xl

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