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    Practical Oil Properties Exp. No.2 SP - GR by Hydrometer

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    Said Ahmed Ali
    This document describes an experiment to measure the density and specific gravity of liquids using a hydrometer. It provides background information on density, specific gravity, and how hydrometers work. The experiment's objective is to measure these properties for different liquids, including light and heavy crude oils. The procedures involve filling a graduated cylinder with the test liquid, measuring the temperature, inserting the hydrometer and recording the point where its stem touches the surface. Calculations are then made to determine the specific gravity at 15°C and classify if oils float or sink based on API gravity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Practical Oil Properties Exp. No.2 SP - GR by Hydrometer

    Uploaded by

    Said Ahmed Ali
    192 views6 pages
    This document describes an experiment to measure the density and specific gravity of liquids using a hydrometer. It provides background information on density, specific gravity, and how hydrometers work. The experiment's objective is to measure these properties for different liquids, including light and heavy crude oils. The procedures involve filling a graduated cylinder with the test liquid, measuring the temperature, inserting the hydrometer and recording the point where its stem touches the surface. Calculations are then made to determine the specific gravity at 15°C and classify if oils float or sink based on API gravity.

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    praCTICAL

    Original Title

    Practical Oil Properties Exp. No.2 Sp.gr by Hydrometer

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    This document describes an experiment to measure the density and specific gravity of liquids using a hydrometer. It provides background information on density, specific gravity, and how hydrometers work. The experiment's objective is to measure these properties for different liquids, including light and heavy crude oils. The procedures involve filling a graduated cylinder with the test liquid, measuring the temperature, inserting the hydrometer and recording the point where its stem touches the surface. Calculations are then made to determine the specific gravity at 15°C and classify if oils float or sink based on API gravity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    192 views6 pages

    Practical Oil Properties Exp. No.2 SP - GR by Hydrometer

    Uploaded by

    Said Ahmed Ali
    This document describes an experiment to measure the density and specific gravity of liquids using a hydrometer. It provides background information on density, specific gravity, and how hydrometers work. The experiment's objective is to measure these properties for different liquids, including light and heavy crude oils. The procedures involve filling a graduated cylinder with the test liquid, measuring the temperature, inserting the hydrometer and recording the point where its stem touches the surface. Calculations are then made to determine the specific gravity at 15°C and classify if oils float or sink based on API gravity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 6

    Koya University

    Faculty of Engineering
    Petroleum Engineering Department
    Oil properties Laboratory, 2nd stage 2013-2014

    Expartment No. 2: Density and Specific


    Gravity (Hydrometer)

    Prepared by: Mr. Brosk F. A. Zangana


    1|Page

    INTRODUCTION
    Accurate determination of the density or specific gravity of
    petroleum and its products for the conversion of measure volumes
    at the standard temperature of 15C, 20C or 60C and also
    volume to mass and vice versa. The hydrometer method is most
    suitable method for determining the density or relative density
    (specific gravity) of mobile transparent liquids. It can also be used
    for viscous oils by allowing sufficient time for the hydrometer to
    reach equilibrium or for opaque oils by employing a suitable
    meniscus correction. Hydrometer readings are obtained at
    convenient temperatures, reading of density being reduced to 15C
    or 20C.
    Specific gravity is the ratio of mass of a volume of a liquid at 60F
    to the mass of an equal volume of pure water at the same
    temperature, i.e. the ratio of the density of the liquid at 60F to the
    density of water at 60F. When reporting results of specific
    gravity, it is specific gravity 60 / 60F.

    The aim of this experiment


    The objective of this exp. is to measure and study density and
    specific gravity of different liquids by using hydrometer.
    Moreover, it will provide sufficient information about light and
    heavy crude oils.

    2|Page

    Theory
    Hydrometer: is considered the simplest and the fastest method in
    determination of density and specific gravity of a liquid.
    The operation of the hydrometer is based on the Archimedes
    principle that a solid suspended in a fluid will be buoyed up by a
    force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Thus, the lighter
    the liquid (that is, the less its specific gravity), the deeper the body
    sinks because a greater amount of liquid is required to equal the
    body's weight.
    A hydrometer is usually made of glass and consists of a cylindrical
    stem and a bulb weighted with mercury or lead shot to make it
    float upright.
    The liquid to be tested is emptied into a tall container, often a
    graduated cylinder. The hydrometer is gently lowered into the
    liquid until it floats freely.
    The point at which the surface of the liquid touches the stem of the
    hydrometer is noted.
    Hydrometers usually contain a scale inside the stem, so that the
    specific gravity can be read directly.

    3|Page

    Hydrometer

    Density
    of a liquid: is its mass per unit volume at a given
    temperature.

    4|Page

    Specific gravity of liquid (Sp. gr.): is the ratio of density of a


    substance (Liquid) compared to the density of fresh water.

    The American Petroleum Institute gravity or API gravity: is a measure


    of how heavy or light petroleum liquid is compared to water. If its API
    gravity is greater than 10, it is lighter and floats on water; if less than 10, it is
    heavier and sinks.

    Thus,

    Petroleum is lighter than water and floats:


    Petroleum is heavier than water and sinks:

    Tools:

    1- liquid (Sample)

    2- Thermometer

    3- Graduated cylinder (bottle)

    5|Page

    API gravity > 10


    API gravity < 10

    4- Hydrometer

    5- Water Bath
    Experimental Procedures: GOGGLES may be required!
    a) Fill the cylinder with the test liquid.
    b) Read the temperature of the liquid by the thermometer T

    actual

    c) Down the hydrometer into the sample slowly and carefully


    d) Keep the hydrometer floating in center of the cylinder and from
    the wall.
    e) After stabilization of the hydrometer, note the point where the
    surface of the liquid touches the stem.
    Calculations:
    1- Calculate the sp.gr for crude oil.
    2- Find the density of water at actual temperature.
    3- Correct the sp.gr of crude oil to be at 15 C.

    Discussion Section:
    12345-

    What is the significance of density and sp gr. test in oil industry field?
    Define HYDROMETER?
    What are the differences between density and relative density?
    What are the differences between density and specific gravity?
    Discuss your results and observations. You should also write a brief summary of
    your work and results.

    6|Page

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