B.pharmacy 2-1 R15 Syllabus

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JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ANANTAPUR

(Established by Govt. of A.P., Act. No. 30 of 2008)
ANANTHAPURAMU 515 002 (A.P) INDIA
Course Structure for B. Pharmacy. - R15 Regulations
B. Pharmacy
II-I Semester
S.No Course code
1.
15R00301
Subject
Pharmaceutical Engineering
2.
15R00302
Physical Pharmacy I
3.
15R00303
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry III
4.
15R00304
Pharmaceutical Microbiology
5.
15A01101
Environmental Studies
6.
15R00305
Pharmaceutical Engineering Laboratory
7.
15R00306
Physical Pharmacy I Laboratory
8.
15R00307
Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry III

Laboratory
9.
15R00308
Tu/Drg/Lab
1
-
Pharmaceutical Microbiology Laboratory
Credits
3
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16
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ANANTHAPURAMU
Subject
Course year
Theory
End exam
Credits
PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING
B. Pharmacy II year
3 hrs/week
70 marks
3
Course Code
Semester
Tutorial
Internal
15R00301
I
1hr/week
30 marks
Scope and objectives:

This course is dealing with the various unit operations i.e. drying, evaporation and working
principles of different machinery like hammer mill, cyclone separator.
Unit I
Introductory concepts: Unit operation / Unit processes, material and energy balance,
equilibriumstate, rate process.
Fluid Flow: Types of flow, Reynold's number, bernoulli's equation, viscosity, concept of
boundarylayer, basic equations of fluid flow, valves, flow meters, manometers and principles
of measuring
instruments.
Material handling systems
a. Liquid and Gas handling - Study of different types of pumps such as Reciprocating pumps,
Turbine pumps and centrifugal pumps, fans, blowers and compressors.
b. Solid handling Conveyor.
Corrosion:
Classification, mechanism of corrosion, factors effecting, prevention and control.
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Unit II
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Dehumidification and Humidity control

Basic concepts and definition, wet bulb and adiabatic saturation temperature.Psychrometric
chart and
measurement of humidity, application of humidity measurement, Equipments for
dehumidification
operations.
Refrigeration and air-conditioning: Principles and applications.
Evaporation and drying: Basic concept of phase equlibria. Definition and theory of
evaporation, factorsaffecting evaporation, evaporators-film evaporators.
Moisture content and theory of drying, rate of drying and time of drying calculations, drying
curves. Concept of loss on drying and its importance. Classification and types of dryers,
dryers used
in pharmaceutical industries- tray dryer, Fluid bed dryer, spray dryer, freeze-dryer, tunnel
dryer and
vacuum dryer.
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UNIT III
Crystallization:
Miers supersaturation theory, crystals growth, size, shape, geometry. Material and heat
balances around Swenson walker crystallizer. Nucleation mechanisms, steady of various
types of crystallizers, tanks, agitated batch, single vacuum, circulating magma and krystal
crystallizer.
2
Filtration and Centrifugation: Theory of filtration, Factors affecting filtration, filter aids,
filter media, industrial filters including filter press, rotary filter, edge filter, Air filtration.
Principles of centrifugation, industrial centrifugal filters and centrifugal sedimenters.
UNIT IV
Size Reduction: Definition, theory and objectives of size reduction, factors affecting size
reduction,
laws governing energy and power requirements of a mill. A brief study of ball mill, hammer
mill, fluid energy mill.
Size Separation: Different techniques of size separation, sieves, sieve shakers, sedimentation
tank, cyclone separators, bag fillers.
Mixing: Theory of mixing, solid-solid, solid-liquid and liquid-liquid mixing equipmentsdouble cone,
twin-shell, silverson mixer, colloid mill, sigma blade mixer, planetary mixer, propeller mixer
and
turbine mixer. Homogenizer, triple roller mill.
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UNIT V
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Automated process control systems:

Process variables, temparature, pressure, flow, level and vacuum and their measurements.
Elements of automatic process control and introduction to automatic process control systems,
elements of computer aided manufacturing. Reactors and fundamentals of reactors design for
chemical reactions.
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TEXT BOOKS:
1. S.J. Carter, Cooper and Gunns Tutorial Pharmacy, 6th ed., CBS publisher, Delhi.
2. CVS Subramanyam, Pharmaceutical Engineering. Vallabh Prakasham New Delhi.
3. K. Samba Murthy, Pharmaceutical Engineering new Age International Publishers Ltd.
1998.
4. L. Lachman, H. Lieberman & J.B.Schwartz. Pharmaceutical dosage forms volume-II, 2nd
ed.,
marcel dekker Inc.
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REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. E.A. Rawlins, Bentleys Text Book of Pharmaceutics, 8th ed ELBS.
2. Badzer&Banchoro, Introduction to Chemical Engineering. Tata Mc Graw Hill.
OUTCOME
Upon the completion of the course the student should be able to:
a. Graduate understands the basic fundamentals of various unit operations required for
drug development.
Apply the operating skills of pharmaceutical machinery required to work in the
pharmaceutical field viz.drug manufacturing & production.
ANANTHAPURAMU
Subject
Course year
Theory
End exam
Credits
PHYSICAL PHARMACY I
B. Pharmacy II year
3 hrs/week
70 marks
3
Course Code
Semester
Tutorial
Internal
15R00302
I
1hr/week
30 marks
Scope and objectives:

This course is designed to provide the basis for understanding the chemical and physical
phenomena that govern the in vivo and in vitro actions of pharmaceutical products.
UNIT I
Intermolecular forces and states of matter: Binding forces between molecules, the states of
matter, change in the state of matter, latent heat and vapour pressure, sublimation critical
point, eutectic mixtures, relative humidity, the liquid state, liquid crystalline state,Glossy state
and solid state, amorphous and polymorphism.
Phase rule: Definition and explanation. One component(water system), two compartment
system (phenol - water system&TEA (Tri Ethyl Amine) and Water system).
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UNIT II
Thermodynamics: The zeroth, first, second and thirdlaw of thermodynamics, Free energy
functions and applications.
Physical properties of drug molecules: Dielectric constant induced polarization, dipole
moment,
refractive index and molar refraction and optical rotatory dispersion.
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UNIT III
Solutions of Non electrolytes: Concentration expressions, ideal and real solutions,
colligativeproperties ( lowering of vapour pressure, depression in freezing point, elevation of
boiling point and
Osmotic pressure), molecular weight determinations.
Solutions of Electrolytes: Properties of solutions of electrolytes. The Arrhenius theory of
electrolyte
dissociation. The modern theory of strong electrolytes (Activity co-efficient and ionic
strength).
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UNIT IV
Ionic equilibria: Modern theories of acids, bases and salts,Sorensen's pH scale,
concentration as a function of pH, calculation of pH and acidity constants.
Buffers and isotonic systems: The buffer equation, buffercapacity, buffers in pharmaceutical
and biological systems, isotonic solutions, methods of adjusting tonicity and pH(relevant
numerical problems).
UNIT V
Kinetics and drug stability: General consideration and concepts, half life period (t1/2)
determination, influence of temperature and Arrhenious theory, light, solvent, catalytic
species and other factors. Accelerated stability studies, expiration dating.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Patrick J. Sinko, Martin's Physical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Fifth
Edition.Lippin
Cott Williams and Wilkins.
2. C.V.S.Subramanyam, Essentials of Physical Pharmacy, VallabhPrakashan.
3.Manavalan &Ramaswamy. Physical pharmaceutics. 2nd ed. Vignesh publisher, 2008.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Pharmacopoeia, (I.P., B.P., U.S.P. and European)
2. Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia; latest edition, the Royal Pharmaceutical Society.
3. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Remington Pharmaceutical Sciences.
4. L. Lachman, H. Lieberman The Theory And Practice Of Industrial Pharmacy J. L Kaniz
Lee &
Febiger Philadelphia, USA.
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OUTCOME
Upon the completion of the course the student should be able to:
a. Understand the chemical & physical fundamental aspects of intermolecular forces,
b. Relevant with laws of thermodynamics,
c. Know the importance of solubilization of electrolytes & non-electrolytes,
d. Recognize the significance of pH & tonicity that govern the In vivo&In vitro actions
of pharmaceutical products.
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e. Define reaction kinetics, reaction order, and discuss factors affecting the rate of the reaction,
degradation and stabilization of medicinal agents as well as accelerated stability testing.
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ANANTHAPURAMU
Subject
PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY III
Course year B. Pharmacy II year
Theory
3 hrs/week
End exam
70 marks
Credits
3
Course Code
15R00303
Semester
Tutorial
Internal exam
I
1 hr/week
30 marks
Objectives:
1. To fulfil the knowledge on basics of hetero cyclic chemistry and stereo chemistry of
organic molecules.
2. To understand the knowledge of organic chemistry in relation to natural compounds
such as carbohydrates, proteins and lipids etc..
3. To impart the knowledge on fundamentals of named reactions and rearrangements.
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UNIT I: Heterocyclic chemistry

Definition, nomenclature, structure, aromaticity, reactivity, synthesis, acidity-basicity and
characteristic reactions of the following heterocyclic compounds. Few examples of drugs
which contain the cited ring system.
Five membered ring systems: Furan, pyrrole, thiophene, Pyrazole, imidazole, oxazole,
isoxazole,thiazole. Six membered ring systems: pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine and
pyridazine. Fused ring systems: Indole, quinoline, iso-quinoline, acridine, Benzimidazole,
phenothiazine, purines.
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UNIT II: Stereochemistry of Carbon compounds - Optical rotation, plane polarized

light, opticalactivity, chirality, notations (assignment of configuration), relative
configuration (Fischer DL configuration), absolute configuration (R & S), sequence rules
(with examples), enantiomers, meso compounds, racemic mixture and resolution of
racemic mixture.
Concept of E & Z, Cis & Trans, Syn & Anti configurations. Elements of symmetry. Stereo
selective & stereo specific reactions. Optical activity of biphenyl compounds.
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UNIT III
Carbohydrates: Definition, classification, nomenclature, study of glucose structure,
mutarotation,ring structure, oxidation-reduction reactions, osazone formation,
epimerization, Lobry De Bruyn Van Ekenstein reaction, structure of the sucrose, starch
and cellulose. non-reducing nature; A brief account on pharmaceutical importance of
various carbohydrates. Glycosides: Definition, classification, , glycosidic linkages,
enzymatic hydrolysis, structure and physiological importance of Anthraquinone glycosides.
UNIT IV
Amino acids and Proteins: Definition, classification, configuration, methods of
preparation of aminoacids, physical, chemical properties, Zwitter ionic nature and
isoelectric point. peptide synthesis, CTAA and NTAA concept and determination.
Structure and chemistry of Insulin, Oxytocin, Heparin. Pharmaceutical importance of
polypeptides and proteins.
Lipids (oils and fats): Definition, classification of fatty acids, trans and cis fatty acids, fat
analysisincluding Saponification value, acid value, peroxide value and Iodine value etc..),
hydrogenation and rancidity of oils and fats. Comparison of fat, oil, wax based on their
properties.
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UNIT V: Reaction mechanisms and applications in Drug synthesis

Beckmann rearrangement, Birch reduction, Mannich reaction, Michael addition reaction,
Wittig reaction, MPV reduction, Oppanauer oxidation, Curtius rearrangement, Schmidt
reaction. Neighbouring group effects and reduction by transition metal complexes.
TEXT BOOKS:
th
1. Heterocyclic chemistry by Bansal, 5 edition.
2. Arun Bahl & S.S Bahl, Advanced Organic Chemistry-S.Chand.
3. R Morrison and R. Boyd, organic chemistry, Pub by Printice Hall of India, New Delhi.
4. I L Finar, Organic Chemistry, Vol. I. & II, 6th Pearson education
5. O.P Agarwal, A Textbook of Organic Chemistry
6. Eliel, Stereochemistry of Organic compounds.
7. Oraganic reactions,Stereo chemistry&mechanizam by PS Kalsi
REFERENCE BOOKS:
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1. Jerry March, Advanced Organic Chemistry 4 Edition Wiley Publication. 2 Cram
& Hammond.Organic Chemistry Mc Graw-Hill.
3.
4.
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A.I. Vogals, A textbook of practical organic chemistry Mc Graw Hill. 6 Edition.
Solomons, Organic Chemistry 9th Edition Wiley Publication.
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Course outcomes:
1. Graduate will Understand and apply the nomenclature, basic chemistry, stereochemistry,
rearrangement reaction, mechanisms of heterocyclic & other organic compounds.
2. Graduates will able to synthesize basic heterocyclic molecules, analyze, estimate organic
compounds and understand the recent methods of organic synthesis.
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ANANTHAPURAMU
Subject
PHARMACEUTICAL
MICROBIOLOGY
B. Pharmacy IIyear
3 hrs/week
70 marks
3
Course year
Theory
End exam
Credits
Course Code
15R00304
Semester
Tutorial
Internal
I
1hr/week
30 marks
OBJECTIVE :
To know the anatomy, identification, growth factors and sterilization of
microorganisms. To know the mode of transmission of diseases and
applications of microorganisms in pharmaceutical field.
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UNIT I Introduction to Microbiology: Origin, scope and discovery of

spontaneous generations
theory, contributions of Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch and Lister.
Diversity of
Microorganisms: Prokaryotes versus eukaryotes eukaryotic and prokaryotic
cell structure, threedomains of life (bacteria, archaea and eurkaryotics).
Pharmaceutical significance of protozoa, algae,fungi, bacteria and viruses.
Characterization and identification of microorganisms.
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UNIT II Nutrition and Growth of Microbes: Nutritional requirements, Types

of Nutrient
media and growth conditions and Nutritional types based on energy
source.Isolation, cultivation (aerobic & anaerobic) and preservation of
microorganisms, physiology of
growth, bacterial growth curve, methods for determining bacterial numbers,
mass and cell
constitutents. Exponential growth and generation time. Bacterial growth in
batch and continuousculture (chemostat and turbidostat) synchronous growth.
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UNIT III Control of Microorganisms: General Concepts, Inhibition of growth

and killing,
sterilization and disinfection, antisepsis and sanitation, mode of action
application & limitation ofphysical agents (moist and dry heat, radiation and
filtration), chemical agents. Various types ofdisinfectants, factors affecting
sterilization and disinfection, evaluation of antimicrobial
activity.Chemotherapeutic agents, mode of action and applications, drug
resistance. Official methods of sterility testing of pharmaceuticals and biosafety
measures.
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UNIT IV
Epidimeology of Diseases: Study of etiology, diagnosis, source of infection,
mode of transmission,immunization methods, prevention and control of the
following diseases. Bacillary dysentry,diphtheria, tuberculosis, leprosy, cholera,
typhoid, syphilis, gonorrhoea, tetanus, food poisoning andinfective hepatitis.
Diagnostic tests of Malaria, Typhoid, Cholera, TB, Leprosy.
UNIT V Application of Microbes in Pharmaceutical Industry
a. Microbiological Assays: Principles and Methods involved in Assay of
Antibiotics(penicillins,tetracyclines and streptomycins only) Vitamins
(cyanocobalamin and riboflavinonly), Amino acids (lysine and glutamic acid
only) & Bio-Sensors in Analysis.
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b. Microbial Source & applications of various pharmaproducts like

Antibiotics, vitamins,Amino acids, solvents, enzymes & genetic engineered
products etc.
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Text Books:
1. Pelczar and Reid, Text Book of Microbiology Lippincolt Williams & wilkins,
2nd Edition.
2. Anantha Narayan and Jayram Panikar, Text Book of Microbiology, Orient
Longman, Delhi, Hyderabad.
3. R.C. Dubey, A textbook of Microbiology S.Chand.
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Reference Books:
1. Pharmaceutical microbiology by Kishore Gujar, Himalaya publishing house.
2. Nester, Anderson, Roberts, Pearsall, Microbiology, McGraw-Hill.
3. Hugo.W B, Pharmaceutical Microbiology. PA Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
4. Tortora, Gerard, Text Book of Microbiology. Benjamin Cummings.
5. Prescott and Dunn, IndustrialMicrobiology 2nd Ed, Mc Graw hill Book
Company Inc.
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OUTCOMES :
1. Students can understand the importance of microbiology in industry &
pharmacy
2. Students can learn the microbiological significance disease and its
treatment.
ANANTHAPURAMU
Subject
Course year
Theory
End exam
Credits
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
B. Pharmacy IIyear
3 hrs/week
70 marks
3
Course Code
Semester
Tutorial
Internal
15A01101
I
1hr/week
30 marks
Objectives:
To make the students to get awareness on environment, to understand the importance of protecting
natural resources, ecosystems for future generations and pollution causes due to the day to day
activities of human life to save earth from the inventions by the engineers.
UNIT I
MULTIDISCIPLINARY NATURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES: Definition, Scope and
Importance Need for Public Awareness.
NATURAL RESOURCES : Renewable and non-renewable resources Natural resources and
associated problems Forest resources Use and over exploitation, deforestation, case studies
Timber extraction Mining, dams and other effects on forest and tribal people Water resources
Use and over utilization of surface and ground water Floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams
benefits and problems Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting
and using mineral resources, case studies Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by
agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water
logging, salinity, case studies. Energy resources:
UNIT II
ECOSYSTEMS: Concept of an ecosystem. Structure and function of an ecosystem Producers,
consumers and decomposers Energy flow in the ecosystem Ecological succession Food chains,
food webs and ecological pyramids Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and
function of the following ecosystem:
a.
Forest ecosystem.
b.
Grassland ecosystem
c.
Desert ecosystem
d.
Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)
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BIODIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION : Introduction 0 Definition: genetic, species and

ecosystem diversity Bio-geographical classification of India Value of biodiversity: consumptive
use, Productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values Biodiversity at global, National and
local levels India as a mega-diversity nation Hot-sports of biodiversity Threats to biodiversity:
habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts Endangered and endemic species of India
Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.
UNIT III
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION: Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of :
a.
Air Pollution.
b.
Water pollution
c.
Soil pollution
d.
Marine pollution
e.
Noise pollution
f.
Thermal pollution
g.
Nuclear hazards
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial
wastes Role of an individual in prevention of pollution Pollution case studies Disaster
management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.
UNIT IV
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SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT: From Unsustainable to Sustainable development

Urban problems related to energy Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed
management Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case studies
Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions Climate change, global warming, acid rain,
ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. Case Studies Wasteland reclamation.
Consumerism and waste products. Environment Protection Act. Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act. Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act Wildlife Protection Act Forest
Conservation Act Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation Public awareness.
UNIT V
HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT: Population growth, variation among
nations. Population explosion Family Welfare Programmed. Environment and human health
Human Rights Value Education HIV/AIDS Women and Child Welfare Role of information
Technology in Environment and human health Case studies.
FIELD WORK: Visit to a local area to document environmental assets River/forest
grassland/hill/mountain Visit to a local polluted site-Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural Study of
common plants, insects, and birds river, hill slopes, etc..
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Text Books:
1. Text Book of Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Cources, Erach Bharucha,
Universities Press Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad. 2nd Edition 2013.
2. Environmental Studies by Kaushik, New Age Pubilishers.
References:
1. Environmental Studies by Rajagopalan, Oxford Pubilishers.
2. Comprehensive Environmental studies by J.P.Sharma, Laxmi publications.
3. Introduction to Environmental engineering and science by Gilbert M. Masters and Wendell
P. Ela - Printice hall of India Private limited.
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Outcomes:
Students will get the sufficient information that will clarify modern environmental concepts
like equitableuse of natural resources, more sustainable life styles etc.
Students will realize the need to change their approach so as to perceive our own
environmental issuescorrectly, using practical approach based on observation and self
learning.
Students become conversant with the fact that there is a need to create a concern for our
environment thatwill trigger pro-environmental action; including simple activities we can do
in our daily life to protect it.
By studying environmental sciences, students is exposed to the environment that enables one
to find out solution of various environmental problems encountered on and often.
At the end of the course, it is expected that students will be able to identify and analyze
environmental problems as well as the risks associated with these problems and efforts to be
taken to protect the environment from getting polluted. This will enable every human being to
live in a more sustainable manner.
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ANANTHAPURAMU
Subject
PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING
LABORATORY
Course Code
15R00305
Course year
Theory
End exam
Credits
B. Pharmacy II year
4 hrs/week
70 marks
2
Semester
Tutorial
Internal
I
NIL
30 marks
I. EXPERIMENTS:
1. Evaluation of filter media, determination of rate of filtration and study of factors affecting
filtration
Including filter aids.
2. Particle size measurement by sieve shaker.
3. Determination of Humidity-using Dry Bulb and Wet Bulb thermometers and Psychometric
charts.
4. Determination of overall Heat Transfer Coefficient.
5. Determination of rate of evaporation.
6. Determination of rate of drying, free moisture content and bound moisture content.
7. Experiments to illustrate the influence of various parameters on construction of drying
curves.
8. Experiments to illustrate principles of size reduction, Laws governing energy and power
requirements of a size reduction (Ball mill).
9. Experiments to illustrate solid-solid mixing, determination of mixing efficiency using
different
types of mixers.
10. Analysis of pharmaceutical packaging materials-leaching of contents from packaging
materials.
II. DEMO/ WORKSHOP
Determination of type of flow (Reynolds experiment)
Double cone blender, homogenizer, tray dryer.
III. SEMINAR/ASSIGNMENT/GROUP DISCUSSION
Advances in packaging technology.
LIST OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED
1. Tray dryer
2. Ball mill
3. Seive shaker with set of sieves as per IP
4. Double cone blender
5. Propeller type mechanical agitator
6. Homogeniser
7. Buchner filtration apparatus
8. Vaccum pump
9. Desiccators
10. Energy meter
11. Autoclave
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ANANTHAPURAMU
Subject
PHYSICAL PHARMACY I
Course Code
15R00306
Course year
Theory
End exam
Credits
LABORATORY
B. Pharmacy II year
4hrs/week
70 marks
2
Semester
Tutorial
Internal
I
NIL
30 marks
I. EXPERIMENTS:
1. Percent composition Capillary Flow method.
2. Percent composition refractometer.
3. Molecular weight Rast camphor method.
4. Calibration of pH Meter using standard buffers pH Estimation pH meter.
5. pKa Estimation by Half Neturalization Method.
6. Refractive index of liquids.
7. Phenol water system CST.
8. Lower consolute temperature TEA (Tri Ethyl Amine) and Water.
9. Ternary phase diagram.
10. Preparation of phosphate Buffers and their Buffer Capacity Determination.
11. Effect of temperature on first order kinetics and to find the energy of activation.
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II. Demo/ Workshop

Demo on polarimeter (To prove that the hydrolysis of sucrose follows first order kinetics).
III. SEMINAR/ASSIGNMENT/GROUP DISCUSSION
Thermodynamics of solutions and polymers, Types of electrodes.
LIST OF MINIMUM EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED
1. Ostwalds viscometer
2. Stalgnometer
3. Polarimeter
4. Abbes refractometer
5. CST apparatus
6. pH meter
7. Colorimeter
8. Digital balances
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ANANTHAPURAMU
Subject
Course Code
PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC
15R00307
CHEMISTRY-III LABORATORY
Course year B. Pharmacy II year
Semester
I
Theory
Tutorial
4 hrs/week
NIL
End exam
Internal
70 marks
30 marks
Credits
2
I. Experiments:
A. Quantitative determination of organic compounds via functional groups
1. Phenolic groups by bromination method.
2. Alcoholic group by acetylation method.
3. Carbonyl group by hydroxylamine hydrochloride-pyridine method.
4. Aldehyde group by sodium sulphite-sulphuric acid procedure.
5. Carboxyl group by acid-base method.
6. Amino group by bromination method.
7. Amino acid formal titration method.
B. Synthesis/preparation involving more than one step (Any five).
8. Synthesis of acetophenone oxime and its conversion to acetamide.
9. Phenothiazine from diphenyl amine
10. Benzimidazole from o-phenylene diamine
11. Knorr quinoline synthesis (4-methyl 2- quinoline) from aceto acetanilide
12. Synthesis of Imidazole -4,5-dicarboxylic acid from tartaric acid
13. Benzilic acid from benzene.
14. Preparation of 2-phenylindole from Phenylhydrazine by Fischers method.
C. Systematic analysis of organic binary mixtures
D. Analysis of oils & fats
a. Determination of Acid value of fixed oils.
b. Determination of Saponification value of a fixed oils.
c. Determination of Iodine value of a fixed oils.
d. Determination of peroxide value of a fixed oils.
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II. Demo/Workshop:
Synthesis of some asymmetric organic molecules, identification of synthesized compounds
by TLC, Catalyst and solvent effect in synthesis.
III. Seminar/Assignment/Group discussion:

Principles of green chemistry, solvent free synthesis, sonication as the green chemical
method for organic synthesis.
References:
1. Indian Pharmacopoeia. 1996.
2. A.I. Vogels Practical Organic Chemistry Prentice Hall.
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3. Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry, Vogels, 5 Edition Pearson.
4. Laboratory Manual of Organic Chemistry, R.K. Bansal, New Age International 5th
Edition 2007.
5. Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry, O.P. Agarwal, 3rd Edition Goel Publication.
6. Practical Organic Chemistry, F.G.Mann & B.C. Saunders, Pearson 4th Edition.
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LIST OFMINIMUM EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED

1. Triple beam balances
2. Physical balances and analytical balances
3. Melting point apparatus
4. Suction pumps
5. Oven
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Hot plates
Water baths
Distillation unit
Refrigerator
Mechanical stirrer
Reflex flask with condenser
Magnetic stirrer with thermostat
Adequate glasswares
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ANANTHAPURAMU
Subject
Course year
Theory
End exam
Credits
PHARMACEUTICAL
MICROBIOLOGY
LABORATORY
B. PharmacyIIyear
4 hrs/week
70 marks
2
Course Code
15R00308
Semester
Tutorial
Internal
I
-30 marks
I. EXPERIMENTS:
1 Introduction to equipment and glassware used in microbiology laboratory.
2 Preparation of various culture media.
3 Sterilization techniques and their validations.
4 Aseptic transfer of culture into different types of media.
5 Characterization of microbes by staining methods (simple grams, acid fast
and negative
staining and spore staining) and motility testing by hanging drop method.
6 Enumeration of bacteria by pour plate/spread plate technique
7 Enumeration of bacteria by direct microscopic count.(Neubauers chamber)
8 Isolation of pure cultures by streak plate, spread plate and pour plate.
9 Evaluation of antiseptics and disinfectants by phenol coefficient method(R/w),
10 Sterility test for bulk powders and water for injection (IP).
11 Observation of colony/culture characters
12 Bio chemical reactions:
i) Indole test.
ii) Methyl red test.
iii) Voges proskauer test.
iv) Starch hydrolysis test.
v) Fermentation of carbohydrates and gelatin liquefaction.
13 Anti-microbial assay by cup and plate method and turbidometric method
II. Demonstration/Workshop: Construction of Bacterial growth curve by
different methods, Rapid
Diagnostic tests by kits
III. Assignment/Seminar/Group discussion:
Recent trends in Identification, Cultivation, Handling of Microorganisms.
Polymer Chain Reaction
(PCR).
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B.pharmacy 2-1 R15 Syllabus

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