UNIT-1 STEADY STRESSES AND VARIABLE STRESSES IN MACHINE

MEMBERS
Which of the following material has the maximum ductility?
A. Mild steel
B. Copper
C. Zinc
D. Aluminium
Answer: A
According to Indian standard specifications, a grey cast iron designated
by FG 200 means that the
A. Carbon content is 2%
B. Maximum compressive strength is 200 N/mm2
C. Minimum tensile strength is 200 N/mm2
D. Maximum shear strength is 200 N/mm2
Answer: C
Steel containing upto 0.15% carbon is known as
A. Mild steel
B. Dead mild steel
C. Medium carbon steel
D. High carbon steel
Answer: B
According to Indian standard specifications, a plain carbon steel designated
by 40C8 means that
A. Carbon content is 0.04 per cent and manganese is 0.08 per cent
B. Carbon content is 0.4 per cent and manganese is 0.8 per cent
C. Carbon content is 0.35 to 0.45 per cent and manganese is 0.60 to 0.90
per cent
D. Carbon content is 0.60 to 0.80 per cent and manganese is 0.8 to 1.2 per
cent
Answer: C
The material commonly used for machine tool bodies is
A. Mild steel
B. Aluminium
C. Brass
D. Cast iron
Answer: D
The material commonly used for crane hooks is
Cast iron

Wrought iron
Mild steel
Aluminium
Answer: B
Shock resistance of steel is increased by adding
A. Nickel
B. Chromium
C. Nickel and chromium
D. Sculpture, lead and phosphorus
Answer: C
The steel widely used for motor car crankshafts is
A. Nickel steel
B. Chrome steel
C. Nickel-chrome steel
D. Silicon steel
Answer: B
A steel with 0.8 per cent carbon is known as
A. Eutectoid steel
B. Hypereutectoid steel
C.Hypereutectoid steel
D.None of these
Answer: A
18/8 steel contains
A.18 per cent nickel and 8 per cent chromium
B.18 per cent chromium and 8 per cent nickel
C.18 per cent nickel and 8 per cent vanadium
D.18 per cent vanadium and 8 per cent nickel
Answer: B
Ball bearing are usually made from
A. Low carbon steel
B. High carbon steel
C. Medium carbon steel
D. High speed steel
Answer: B
The process which improves the machinability of steels, but lower the
hardness and tensile strength is
A. Normalising

B. Full annealing
C. Process annealing
D. Spheroidising
Answer: D

The metal suitable for bearings subjected to heavy loads is

A. Silicon bronze
B.White metal
C.Monel metal
D.Phosphor bronze Ans.
Answer: B
The metal suitable for bearings subjected to light loads is
A. Silicon bronze
B.White metal
C.Monel metal
D. Phosphor bronze
Answer: D
Thermoplastic materials are those materials which
A.Are formed into shape under heat and pressure and results in a
permanently hard product
B.Do not become hard with the application of heat and pressure and no
chemical change occurs
C.Are flexible and can withstand considerable wear under suitable conditions
D.Are used as a friction lining for clutches and brakes
Answer: B
The castings produced by forcing molten metal under pressure into a
permanent metal mould is known as
A. Permanent mould casting
B. Slush casting
C. Die casting
D. Centrifugal casting
Answer: C
The metal is subjected to mechanical working for
A. Refining grain size
B. Reducing original block into desired shape
C. Controlling the direction of flow lines
D. All of these

Answer: D
The temperature at which the new grains are formed in the metal is called
A. Lower critical temperature
B. Upper critical temperature
C. Eutectic temperature
D. Recrystallisation temperature
Answer: D

The hot working of metals is carried out

A. At the recrystallisation temperature
B.Below the recrystallisation temperature
C.Above the recrystallisation temperature
D.At any temperature
Answer: C
During hot working of metals
A. Porosity of the metal is largely eliminated
B.Grain structure of the metal is refined
C.Mechanical properties are improved due to refinement of grains
D.All of the above
Answer: D
The parts of circular cross-section which are symmetrical about the axis of
rotation are made by
A.Hot forging
B.Hot spinning
C.Hot extrusion
D.Hot drawing
Answer: B
The process extensively used for making bolts and nuts is
A. hot piercing
B. extrusion
C. cold peening
D. cold heading
Answer: D
In a unilateral system of tolerance, the tolerance is allowed on
One side of the actual size
One side of the nominal size
Both sides of the actual size
Both sides of the nominal size
Answer: B

The algebraic difference between the maximum limit and the basic size is
called
A. Actual deviation
B.Upper deviation
C.Lower deviation
D.Fundamental deviation
Answer: B
A basic shaft is one whose
A. Lower deviation is zero
B.Upper deviation is zero
C.Lower and upper deviations are zero
D.None of these
Answer: B
A basic hole is one whose
A. Lower deviation is zero
B. Upper deviation is zero
C. Lower and upper deviations are zero
D. None of these
Answer: A
According to Indian standard specifications, 100 H 6 / g 5 means that the
A. Actual size is 100 mm
B. Basic size is 100 mm
C. Difference between the actual size and basic size is 100 mm
D. None of the above
Answer: B
According to Indian standards, total number of tolerance grades are
A. 8
B. 12
C. 18
D. 20
Answer: C
According to Indian standard specification, 100 H6/g5 means that
A. Tolerance grade for the hole is 6 and for the shaft is 5
B. Tolerance grade for the shaft is 6 and for the hole is 5
C. Tolerance grade for the shaft is 4 to 8 and for the hole is 3 to 7
D. Tolerance grade for the hole is 4 to 8 and for the shaft is 3 to 7
Answer: A
Hookes law holds good upto
A. Yield point
B. Elastic limit

C. Plastic limit
D. Breaking point
Answer: D
The ratio of linear stress to linear strain is called
A. Modulus of elasticity
B. Modulus of rigidity
C. Bulk modulus
D. Poisson's ratio
Answer: A
The modulus of elasticity for mild steel is approximately equal to
A. 80 kN/mm2
B. 100 kN/mm2
C. 110 kN/mm2
D. 210 kN/mm2
Answer: D
When the material is loaded within elastic limit, then the stress is ......... to
strain.
A. Equal
B. Directly proportional
C.Inversely proportional
Answer: B
The ratio of the ultimate stress to the design stress is known as
A. Elastic limit
B.Strain
C.Factor of safety
D.Bulk modulus
Answer: C
The factor of safety for steel and for steady load is
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
Answer: B
An aluminum member is designed based on
A. Yield stress
B. Elastic limit stress
C. Proof stress
D. Ultimate stress
Answer: A

In a body, a thermal stress is one which arises because of the existence of

A. Latent heat
B. Temperature gradient
C. Total heat
Specific heat
Answer: B
A localized compressive stress at the area of contact between two members
is known as
A. Tensile stress
B. Bending stress
C. Bearing stress
D. Shear stress
Answer: C
The Poissons ratio for steel varies from
A. 0.21 to 0.25
B. 0.25 to 0.33
C. 0.33 to 0.38
D. 0.38 to 0.45
Answer: B
The stress in the bar when load is applied suddenly is ............. as compared
to the stress induced due to gradually applied load.
A .Same
B. Double
C. Three times
D. Four times
Answer: B
The energy stored in a body when strained within elastic limit is known as
A. Resilience
B. Proof resilience
C. Strain energy
D. Impact energy
Answer: C
The maximum energy that can be stored in a body due to external loading
upto the elastic limit is called
A. Resilience
B.Proof resilience
C.Strain energy
D.Modulus of resilience
Answer: B

The strain energy stored in a body, when suddenly loaded, is .............. the
strain energy stored when same load is applied gradually.
A. Equal to
B.One-half
C.Twice
D.Four times
Answer: D
When a machine member is subjected to torsion, the torsional shear stress
set up in the member is
A. Zero at both the centroidal axis and outer surface of the member
B. Maximum at both the centroidal axis and outer surface of the member
C. Zero at the centroidal axis and maximum at the outer surface of the
member
D. None of the above
Answer: B
The neutral axis of a beam is subjected to
Zero stress
A. Maximum tensile stress
B.Maximum compressive stress
C. Maximum shear stress
Answer: A
At the neutral axis of a beam,
A. The layers are subjected to maximum bending stress
B. The layers are subjected to tension
C. The layers are subjected to compression
D. The layers do not undergo any strain
Answer: D
The bending stress in a curved beam is
A. Zero at the centroidal axis
B. Zero at the point other than centroidal axis
C. Maximum at the neutral axis
D. None of the above
Answer: B
The maximum bending stress, in a curved beam having symmetrical section,
always occur, at the
A. Centroidal axis
B. Neutral axis
C. Inside fibre
D. Outside fibre
Answer: C

Two shafts under pure torsion are of identical length and identical weight and
are made of same material. The shaft A is solid and the shaft B is hollow. We
can say that
A. shaft B is better than shaft A
B.shaft A is better than shaft B
C.both the shafts are equally good
Answer: A
Rankines theory is used for
A. Brittle materials
B. Ductile materials
C. Elastic materials
D. Plastic materials
Answer: A

Guests theory is used for

A. Brittle materials
B. Ductile materials
C. Elastic materials
D. Plastic materials
Answer: B
At the neutral axis of a beam, the shear stress is
A. Zero
B. Maximum
C. Minimum
Answer: B
The maximum shear stress developed in a beam of rectangular section
is........ the average shear stress.
A. Equal to
B. 43times
C. 1.5 times
Answer: C
The stress which vary from a minimum value to a maximum value of the
same nature (i.e. tensile or compressive) is called
A. Repeated stress
B.Yield stress
C. Fluctuating stress
D. Alternating stress
Answer: C

The endurance or fatigue limit is defined as the maximum value of the stress
which a polished standard specimen can withstand without failure, for infinite
number of cycles, when subjected to
A. Static load
B. Dynamic load
C. Static as well as dynamic load
D. Completely reversed load
Answer: D
Failure of a material is called fatigue when it fails
A. At the elastic limit
B. Below the elastic limit
C. At the yield point
D. Below the yield point
Answer: D

The resistance to fatigue of a material is measured by

Elastic limit
Young's modulus
Ultimate tensile strength
Endurance limit
Answer: D
The yield point in static loading is ............... as compared to fatigue loading.
A. Higher
B. Lower
C. Same
Answer: A
Factor of safety for fatigue loading is the ratio of
Elastic limit to the working stress
Young's modulus to the ultimate tensile strength
Endurance limit to the working stress
Elastic limit to the yield point
Answer: C
When a material is subjected to fatigue loading, the ratio of the endurance
limit to the ultimate tensile strength is
A. 0.20
B. 0.35
C. 0.50
D. 0.65
Answer: C

The ratio of endurance limit in shear to the endurance limit in flexure is

A. 0.25
B. 0.40
C. 0.55
D. 0.70
Answer: C
If the size of a standard specimen for a fatigue testing machine is increased,
the endurance limit for the material will
A. Have same value as that of standard specimen
B.Increase.
C.Decrease
Answer: C
The residential compressive stress by way of surface treatment of a machine
member subjected to fatigue loading
A. Improves the fatigue life
B.Deteriorates the fatigue life
C.Does not affect the fatigue life
D.Immediately fractures the specimen
Answer: D
The surface finish factor for a mirror polished material is
A. 0.45
B. 0.65
C. 0.85
D. 1
Answer: D
Stress concentration factor is defined as the ratio of
A. Maximum stress to the endurance limit
B. Nominal stress to the endurance limit
C. Maximum stress to the nominal stress
D. Nominal stress to the maximum stress
Answer: D
In static loading, stress concentration is more serious in
A. Brittle materials
B. Ductile materials
C. Brittle as well as ductile materials
D. Elastic materials
Answer: B
In
A.
B.
C.

cyclic loading, stress concentration is more serious in

Brittle materials
Ductile materials
Brittle as well as ductile materials

D. Elastic materials
Answer: B
A rivet is specified by
A. Shank diameter
B. Length of rivet
C. Type of head
D. Length of tail
Answer: A
The rivet head used for boiler plate riveting is usually
A. Snap head
B. Pan head
C. Counter sunk head
D. Conical head
Answer: A
According to Unwins formula, the relation between diameter of rivet hole (d)
and thickness of plate (t) is given by
A. d = t
B. d = 1.6 t
C. d = 2 t
D. d = 6 t
Answer: D
A line joining the centres of rivets and parallel to the edge of the plate is
known as
A. Back pitch
B. Marginal pitch
C. Gauge line
D. Pitch line
Answer: B
The centre to centre distance between two consecutive rivets in a row, is
called
A. Margin
B. Pitch
C. Back pitch
D. Diagonal pitch
Answer: B
The objective of caulking in a riveted joint is to make the joint
A. Free from corrosion
B. Stronger in tension
C. Free from stresses
D. Leak-proof

Answer: D
A lap joint is always in.....shear.
A. Single
B.Double
Answer: A
A double strap butt joint (with equal straps) is
A. always in single shear
B. always in double shear
C. either in single shear or double shear
D. any one of these
Answer: B
Which of the following riveted butt joints with double straps should have the
highest efficiency as per Indian Boiler Regulations?
A. Single riveted
B.Double riveted
C.Triple riveted
D. Quadruple riveted
Answer: D
If the tearing efficiency of a riveted joint is 50%, then ratio of diameter of
rivet hole to the pitch of rivets is
A. 0.20
B. 0.30
C. 0.50
D. 0.60
Answer: C
The strength of the unriveted or solid plate per pitch length is equal to
A. p d t
B.p t t
C. (p t ) d t
D. (p d ) t t
Answer: B
The longitudinal joint in boilers is used to get the required
A. Length of boiler
B.Diameter of boiler
C.Length and diameter of boiler
D. Efficiency of boiler
Answer: B
For longitudinal joint in boilers, the type of joint used is
A. Lap joint with one ring overlapping the other
B. Butt joint with single cover plate

C. Butt joint with double cover plates

D. Any one of these
Answer: C
According to Indian standards, the diameter of rivet hole for a 24 mm
diameter of rivet, should be
A.23 mm
B.24 mm
C.25 mm
D.26 mm
Answer: C
In a fusion welding process,
A.Only heat is used
B.Only pressure is used
C.Combination of heat and pressure is used
D. None of these
Answer: A
The electric arc welding is a type of ............. welding?
A. Forge
B. Fusion
Answer: B
The principle of applying heat and pressure is widely used in
A. Spot welding
B. Seam welding
C. Projection welding
D. All of these
Answer: D
In transverse fillet welded joint, the size of weld is equal to
A. 0.5 Throat of weld
B. Throat of weld
C. Throat of weld
D. 2 Throat of weld
Answer: C
The transverse fillet welded joints are designed for
A. Tensile strength
B. Compressive strength
C. Bending strength
D. Shear strength
Answer: A
The parallel fillet welded joint is designed for
A. Tensile strength
B.Compressive strength

C.Bending strength
D.Shear strength
Answer: D
The size of the weld in butt welded joint is equal to
A.0.5 Throat of weld
B.Throat of weld
C.2 Throat of weld
D.2 Throat of weld
Answer: B
For a parallel load on a fillet weld of equal legs, the plane of maximum shear
occurs at
A. 22.5
B. 30
C. 45
D. 60
E. Answer: C
A cotter joint is used to transmit
A. Axial tensile load only
B. Axial compressive load only
C. Combined axial and twisting loads
D. Axial tensile or compressive loads
Answer: D
The taper on cotter varies from
A. 1 in 15 to 1 in 1
B. 1 in 24 to 1 in 20
C. 1 in 32 to 1 in 24
D. 1 in 48 to 1 in 24
Answer: D
Which of the following cotter joint is used to connect strap end of a
connecting rod ?
A. Socket and spigot cotter joint
B. Sleeve and cotter joint
C. Gib and cotter joint
D. None of these
Answer: C
In designing a sleeve and cotter joint, the outside diameter of the sleeve is
taken as
A. 1.5 d
B. 2.5 d
C. 3 d

D. 4 d
Answer: B
The length of cotter, in a sleeve and cotter joint, is taken as
A. 1.5 d
B. 2.5 d
C. 3 d
D. 4 d
Answer: D
In a gib and cotter joint, the thickness of gib is .......thickness of cotter.
A.More than
B. Less than
C. Equal to
Answer: C
When one gib is used in a gib and cotter joint, then the width of gib should
be taken as
A. 0.45 B
B. 0.55 B
C. 0.65 B
D. 0.75 B
Where B = Total width of gib and cotter.
Answer: B
In a steam engine, the piston rod is usually connected to the crosshead by
means of a
Knuckle joint
Universal joint
Flange coupling
Cotter joint
Answer: D
In a steam engine, the valve rod is connected to an eccentric by means of a
A. Knuckle joint
B. Universal joint
C. Flange coupling
D. Cotter joint
Answer: A