Lecture 3 - Monod Kinetics

TIP - Manila
363 P. Casal, Quiapo

City of Manila, Philippines
Website: www.tip.edu.ph
Tel. Nos. (+632) 733-9117 / (+632) 733-9142
CHEP 503: BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING
LECTURE 3:
MONOD KINETICS AND EFFECTS
OF VARIABLES
Lecturer:
ENGR. MICHAEL ALLAN G. RAMOS
Department of Chemical Engineering
Technological Institute of the Philippines
1st Semester, A.Y. 2016-2017
MONOD EQUATION
-An empirical model for quantifying specific growth rate when one of
the substrates have become limited.
-For substrate-limited growth
-Substrate concentration dependent and is similar to saturation kinetics
(similar also to Langmuir isotherm for adsorption saturation kinetics or
the Michaelis-Menten kinetics)
m .S
=
S + Ks
Where;
u = specific growth rate
S = limiting substrate concentration (g/L)
Ks = affinity constant/ saturation constant when u = 0.5 um
um = maximum specific growth per hour
Specific growth rate / h
The Relationship Between Substrate

Concentration and Specific Growth Rate
max
0.4
0.3
0.2
Specific Growth
rate
1/2 max
S>>Ks then u = u max
0.1
Ks = 1.0 g/L
0
0
8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Substrate concentration (g/L)
INTERPRETATION OF KS
Affinity constant or saturation constant is inversely proportional to
the to the affinity of the organism for its substrate
Bacteria with a high affinity for substrate has a low Ks and vice
versa. Low Ks is good for the bacteria or any other microorganism
to grow.
The higher the Ks the less growth
Recall Km for enzyme-catalyzed reactions
Substrate
Ks , mg/L
Organism
Glucose
Enterobacter aerogenes
Glucose
2-4
Escherichia Coli
Glucose
25
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
Ribose
Hansenula polymorphia
Ammonia
0.1
Enterobacter aerogenes
MICHAELIS-MENTEN vs MONOD
Michaelis Menten
Kinetic expression is
derived (theoretical)
Constant enzyme pool
Free enzymes
Non-growing microbes
v vs. S where v is
reaction velocity
Km is half saturation
constant
Monod
Empirical expression
Growth
Enzyme concentration
increases with time,
enzyme is produced
from protein expression
Relates microbial growth
rate constant to S
u vs S
Ks is half saturation
constant
Both are saturation kinetics
First-order region,
for low S
mixed order
Center region =
mixed order (mid
range S)
Zero-order region
for high S
S, mg/L
Parameters (um and Ks) are determined by linearization
(double-reciprocal plot) or nonlinear curve fitting.
S
S
ks
=
+
m
m
Slope = 1/um; intercept = ks/ um
Relationship between dependent variable and S determined
experimentally, in the lab
Set conditions (T, chemistry, enzyme or microbe)
Measure the u for each S
Plot u vs. S; analyze data for parameter estimation
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE
A simple batch fermentation of an aerobic bacterium growing on methanol gave
the following results shown in the table:
Time, hours
0
2
4
8
10
12
14
16
18
Calculate ;
a. Maximum specific growth rate (max)
b. Growth yield (Yx/S)
c. Mass doubling time (td)
d. Estimate the saturation constant (KS)
e. Specific growth rate () at t=10h
X (g/L)
0.2
0.211
0.305
0.98
1.77
3.22
5.6
6.15
6.2
S (g/L)
9.23
9.21
9.07
8.03
6.8
4.6
0.92
0.077
0
A) COMPETITIVE INHIBITION
- Presence of a toxic compound or product becomes inhibitory to the
growth of the microorganism
u m .S
u=
k s '+ S
Where;
I = toxic compound or P = product ;
KP and KI are constants
k s ' = k s .1 +
KI
k s ' = k s .1 +
KP
B) NON-COMPETITIVE INHIBITION
- Presence of a toxic compound or product becomes inhibitory to the
growth of the microorganism
'
u m .S
u=
ks + S
Where;
I = toxic compound or P = product ; Ex. P = Ethanol Fermentation
KP and KI are constants
um
um ' =
I
1 +
KI
um
um ' =
P
1 +
KP
C) SUBSTRATE INHIBITION
- Due to high substrate concentration; presence of a maxima
u=
u m .S
S2
ks + S +
kI
[Smax]
u
D) UNCOMPETITIVE INHIBITION
'
u m .S
u=
k s '+ S
Where;
I = toxic compound; KI is a constant
ks ' =
ks
I
1 +
KI
um
um ' =
I
1 +
KI
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE
ON CELL GROWTH
Classification
Psychrophiles (Topt < 200C)
Mesophiles (200C < Topt < 500C)
Thermophiles (Topt > 200C)
General rule: rate of reaction increases 2x for every 10 C0 increase in
temperature unless specified (rate of reaction = rate of cell growth)
An optimal growth is observed (maxima). Beyond which cell death
occur rapidly
Temperature affects yield coefficient
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE
ON CELL GROWTH
ug =
1 dX
.
X dt
unet = u g kd
u g = A.e
kd = A'.e
Ea
R .T
Ed
R.T
EFFECT OF pH ON CELL GROWTH

pH optimum ranges for every MO
Bacteria (most) = 3 - 8
Yeast = 3 - 6
Plants = 5 - 6
Animals = 6.5 7.5
Microorganisms have the ability to control pH inside the cell
pH can change due to;
Release of organic acids and bases
NH4+ consumption ; reduction of NO3 Utilization of substrates
When product is acidic (i.e. citric acid)
This needs for a buffer of the reaction solution
EFFECT OF pH ON CELL GROWTH
EFFECT OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN
EFFECT OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN
REFERENCES
Shuler, Kargi, Bioprocess Engineering, Cornell University
David Shonnard, Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological
University
DI Wang, Chemical Engineering, MIT
Loh Kai Chee, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NUS
Industrial Microbiology, INDM 4005, Lecture series

Lecture 3 - Monod Kinetics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture 3 - Monod Kinetics

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lecture 3 - Monod Kinetics

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TIP - Manila

363 P. Casal, Quiapo

CHEP 503: BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Specific growth rate / h

The Relationship Between Substrate

S>>Ks then u = u max

Substrate concentration (g/L)

EFFECT OF pH ON CELL GROWTH

EFFECT OF pH ON CELL GROWTH

EFFECT OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN

EFFECT OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.