Hitungan Shell and Tube

Square pitch
S
R
0.0625
T1
T2
t1
t2
R
S
245
95
85
95
15
0.0625
x
15
lnx 2.70805
y 32.10218
FT 0.838278
LMTD
15
51.69771223
(R^2+1)^0,5
15.0332963784
(1-S)/(1-SR)
ln(1-S)/(1-SR) R-1
15 2.7080502011
14
2-S(R+1-(R^2+1)^0,5 2-S(R+1+(R^2+1)^0,5 ln
1.9395810236
0.0604189764 3.4689240279
FT
0.838278
Triangular pitch
OD
Pitch
C'
De
De
1
1.25
0.25
0.711783
0.059315
OD
Pitch
C'
1/2 Pitchx0,86xPt
0,5*pi*OD^2/4
0,5xpixOD
1 in
1.25 in
0.25 in
0.671875
0.3925
1.57
De
De
0.711783 in
0.059315 Ft
in
in
in
in
T1
390
T2
200
t1
100
t2
170
R 2.714286
S 0.241379
x
lnx
y
FT
FT
Square pitch
S
R
(R^2+1)^0,5
0.24137931 2.7142857143
2.8926366759
LMTD
152.19592845
152.1959284451
220
2.2
0.788457
4.446093
0.891687
0.909521
A
a'
n
0.01034
0.00371
0.00034467
29.99968564
0.01905
ft2
(1-S)/(1-SR)
ln(1-S)/(1-SR) R-1
2-S(R+1-(R^2+1)^0,5 2-S(R+1+(R^2+1)^0,5 ln
2.2 0.7884573604 1.714286
1.8016709218
0.40522563 1.4920257802
FT
0.891687
Example 9.1
Dry ammonia gas at 83 psia and at rate of 9872 lb/hr is discharged from a compressor at 245 oF and
fed to a reactor at 95oF using cooling water from 85 to 95oF. A pressure drop of 2 psi is allowable on
and 10 psi on the water.
Available for the services is a 23 in. ID 1-2 exchanger having 364 in., 16 BWG tubes 80 long l
on 15/16 in triangular pith.The bundle is arranged for eight passes, and baffles are spaced 12 in. apar
What will the dirt factor and pressure drop be?
Heat exchanger
shell side
ID
Baffle space
passes
1. Heat Balance Ammonia

W
9872
C
0.53
T1
245 F
T2
95 F
Q
784824
2. True temperatur difference
LMTD
R
w
c
t1
t2
Q
364
0.75
8
water
78482.4
1
85
95
784824
51.69771
15
FT
T
Hot Fluid: Shell Side

3' Flow area, Ft2
ID
PT
OD
B
C'
as
Tube side
Number and length
OD, BWG, Pitch
Passes
23.25
12
1
23.25
0.9375
0.75
12
0.1875
0.3875
P
0.0625
0.838
43 F
in
in
in
in
in
Cold Fluid: tube side

3. flow area, at
a't
0.302 in2 (from Table 10)
Nt
364
n
8 passes
at
0.0954236111 ft2
4' mass velocity, Gs

Gs
25476.1290323 lb/hr/ft2
4. mass velocity, Gt
Gt
822463.1104 lb/hr/ft2
V=Gt/3600 3.6553916018 fps
5'. Res
De
Res =
5. Ret
D
Ret
JH =
6'. Pr number
k
Pr
Pr^(1/3)
0.044486465 ft
0.029 lb/ft/hr
39080.7904041
118 (Fig. 28)
0.017
0.9041176471
0.9669595687
0.0516666667 ft
1.99 lb/ft/hr
21353.732347
7'
ho = (k/De)(JH)(Pr)^1/3 =
7.
hi =
OD
ID
hio
44
8. Clean Over.coef UC =
900 (Fig 25)

0.0625
0.0516666667
744
41.18862 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(F)
9. Design Overall Coefficient

External surface/ft, a'' =
0.1963 (Tabel 10)
A= 364x 8x 0,1963
571.6256 ft2
UD = Q/A. t
UD = 31.68117 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(F)
10. Dirt Factor, Rd
Rd = UC-UD/UC.UD
Rd = 0.007286
PRESSURE DROP P
1'. Untuk Res = 39081
f=
0.00162 ft2/in2
Ds = 23,25/12 =
(Fig. 29)
1. Untuk Ret = 21353.73

f = 0.000225
s= 1
1.94 ft
2. Pt
= f.Gt^2.L.n/(5,22 x 10^10.D.s)
Pt =
3.61
Pr
= (4n/s)(V^2/2g')
2'. No. of crosses, N+1 = 12L/B

N+1 = 8
s =gas/water
pv =(w'/MW)x1545Tabs
Untuk Gt =
V^2/2g' =
Pr
gas =w'/v = pxMW/1545Tabs

= (83 x 144)(17,1)/1545/(460+170)
=
s=
3'. Ps
0.2099750347
0.0033596006
= f.Gs^2.Ds.(N+1)/(5,22 x 10^10.De.s)
Ps = 2.09
PT
822463.1
0.09
2.88
= Pt + Pr
=
6.49
m a compressor at 245 oF and is to be

drop of 2 psi is allowable on the gas
in., 16 BWG tubes 80 long laid out
baffles are spaced 12 in. apart.
8 ft
16
0.9375 tri
in2 (from Table 10)
(Fig. 26)
t^2.L.n/(5,22 x 10^10.D.s)
/s)(V^2/2g')
(Fig 27)
Heat exchanger
shell side
ID
Baffle space
passes
1. Heat Balance
W
C
T1
T2
Q
Tube side
Number and length
OD, BWG, Pitch
Passes
21,25 in
5 in
1
43800
0.605
390 F
200 F
5034810
2. True temperatur difference

LMTD
w
c
t1
t2
Q
158; 16 ft
1 in; 13 BWG; 1 1/4 in -square pitch
4
149000
0.482724
100
170
5034810
152.1959
R 2.7142857143
FT
T
Hot Fluid: Shell Side
3' Flow area, Ft2
ID
21.25
PT
1.25
OD
1
B
5
C'
0.25
as
0.1475694444
P 0.241379
0.910
138 F
in
in
in
in
in
Cold Fluid: tube side

3. flow area, at
a't
0.515 in2 (from Table 10)
Nt
158
n
4 passes
at
0.1412673611 ft2
4' mass velocity, Gs

Gs
296809.41176 lb/hr/ft2
4. mass velocity, Gt
Gt
1054737.6183 lb/hr/ft2
5'. Res
De
Res =
5. Ret
D
0.0675 ft
8.7 lb/ft/hr
Ret
8183.3091074
L/D = 16/0,0675
237.037
JH =
31 (Fig. 24)
0.082537155 ft
0.97 lb/ft/hr
25255.468475
JH =
6'. Pr number
k
Pr
Pr^(1/3)
93 (Fig. 28)
6. Pr number
k
0.077
c
0.4827238734
Pr
54.541528558
Pr^(1/3)
3.7923560226
0.0765
7.6712418301
1.9722193914
7'
ho = (k/De)(JH)(Pr)^1/3 =
8. Clean Over.coef UC =
9. Design Overall Coefficient
170
7.
hi = (k/D)(JH)(Pr)^1/3 =
134
OD
0.0833333333
ID
0.0675
hio
108.62824591
66.27764 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(F)
External surface/ft, a'' =

0.2618 (Tabel 10)
A= 158 x 16 x 0,2618
661.8304 ft2
UD = Q/A. t
UD = 54.95669 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(F)
10. Dirt Factor, Rd
Rd = UC-UD/UC.UD
Rd = 0.003108
PRESSURE DROP P
1'. Untuk Res = 25255
f=
0.00175 ft2/in2
s = 0.73
Ds = 21,25/12 =
1.77 ft
(Fig. 29)
1. Untuk Ret = 8183.309

f = 0.000285 (Fig. 26)
s = 0.83
2. Pt
= f.Gt^2.L.n/(5,22 x 10^10.D.s)
Pt =
6.94
Pr
= (4n/s)(V^2/2g')
2'. No. of crosses, N+1 = 12L/B

N+1 = 38.4
3'. Ps
= f.Gs^2.Ds.(N+1)/(5,22 x 10^10.De.s)
Ps = 3.33
Untuk Gt =
V^2/2g' =
Pr
PT
1054738
0.15 (Fig 27)
2.891566
= Pt + Pr
=
9.83
WG; 1 1/4 in -square pitch
5,22 x 10^10.D.s)

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Square pitch

1. Heat Balance Ammonia

Hot Fluid: Shell Side

Cold Fluid: tube side

4' mass velocity, Gs

900 (Fig 25)

9. Design Overall Coefficient

1. Untuk Ret = 21353.73

2'. No. of crosses, N+1 = 12L/B

gas =w'/v = pxMW/1545Tabs

m a compressor at 245 oF and is to be

in2 (from Table 10)

2. True temperatur difference

Cold Fluid: tube side

4' mass velocity, Gs

External surface/ft, a'' =

1. Untuk Ret = 8183.309

2'. No. of crosses, N+1 = 12L/B

WG; 1 1/4 in -square pitch

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