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    Fogler_Ch07_Web.

    fm Page 1 Tuesday, December 15, 2015 4:43 PM

    Chapter 7

    Web 7.8 Evaluation of Laboratory Reactors


    The successful design of industrial reactors lies primarily with the reliability of
    the experimentally determined parameters used in the scale-up. Consequently,
    it is imperative to design equipment and experiments that will generate accurate and meaningful data. Unfortunately, there is usually no single comprehensive laboratory reactor that could be used for all types of reactions and
    catalysts. In this section, we discuss the various types of reactors that can be
    chosen to obtain the kinetic parameters for a specific reaction system. We
    closely follow the excellent strategy presented in the article by V. W. Weekman
    of Mobil Oil, now ExxonMobil.1
    Web 7.8.1 Criteria

    The criteria used to evaluate various types of laboratory reactors are listed in
    Table 7-5.
    TABLE 7-5.

    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.

    CRITERIA USED

    TO

    EVALUATE LABORATORY REACTORS

    Ease of sampling and product analysis


    Degree of isothermality
    Effectiveness of contact between catalyst and reactant
    Handling of catalyst decay
    Reactor cost and ease of construction

    Each type of reactor is examined with respect to these criteria and given
    a rating of good (G), fair (F), or poor (P). What follows is a brief description
    of each of the laboratory reactors. The reasons for rating each reactor for each
    of the criteria are given in Professional Reference Shelf R7.4 on the CRE Web
    site.
    Web 7.8.2 Types of Reactors

    The criteria in Table 7-2 are applied to each of the reactors shown in Figure 7-9
    and are also discussed on the CRE Web site in Professional Reference Shelf
    R7.4.
    Web 7.8.3 Summary of Reactor Ratings

    The ratings of the various reactors are summarized in Table 7-6. From this
    table one notes that the CSTR and recirculating transport reactor appear to be
    the best choices because they are satisfactory in every category except for construction. However, if the catalyst under study does not decay, the stirred batch
    and contained-solids reactors appear to be the best choices. If the system is not
    limited by internal diffusion in the catalyst pellet, larger pellets could be used,
    and the stirred contained-solids reactor is the best choice. If the catalyst is
    nondecaying and heat effects are negligible, the fixed-bed (integral) reactor
    would be the top choice, owing to its ease of construction and operation.
    However, in practice, usually more than one reactor type is used in determining the reaction-rate-law parameters.
    1

    V. W. Weekman, AIChE J., 20, 833 (1974).

    Fogler_Ch07_Web.fm Page 2 Tuesday, December 15, 2015 4:43 PM

    Chapter 7

    (a) Integral reactor.

    (b) Stirred-batch reactor.

    (c) Stirred contained-solids


    reactor.

    (d) Solids in a CSTR.

    (e) Straight-through
    transport reactor.

    (f) Recirculating transport


    reactor.

    Web Figure 7-9 [From Weekman, V., Laboratory Reactors and Their Limitations, AIChe
    Journal 20 (5), 833 (1974), with permission of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
    Copyright 1974 AIChE. All rights reserved.]

    WEB TABLE 7-6.

    SUMMARY

    OF REACTOR RATINGS: GASLIQUID, POWDERED CATALYST,


    DECAYING CATALYST SYSTEMa

    Reactor Type

    Sampling
    and
    Analysis

    Isothermality

    FluidSolid
    Contact

    Decaying
    Catalyst

    Ease of
    Construction

    Differential
    Fixed bed
    Stirred batch
    Stirred contained-solids
    Continuous-stirred tank
    Straight-through transport
    Recirculating transport
    Pulse

    PF
    G
    F
    G
    F
    FG
    FG
    G

    FG
    PF
    G
    G
    G
    PF
    G
    FG

    F
    F
    G
    FG
    FG
    FG
    G
    P

    P
    P
    P
    P
    FG
    G
    FG
    FG

    G
    G
    G
    FG
    P-F
    FG
    PF
    G

    a G,

    good; F, fair; P, poor

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