rexresearch.

com

Charles(Joe)FLYNN
ParallelPathMagneticAmplifier

FlynnResearch
25409TimberlakeTrail
Greenwood,MO.64034

(816)5375306

PPMTTechnology
ParallelPathMagneticTechnology(PPMT)isanadvancedmagneticforcecontroltechnologythatis
applicabletomotors,rotaryactuators,linearactuators,magneticlatches,andgenerators.PPMTuses
permanentmagnetscontrolledwithafieldcoilinparallelmagneticcircuits.PPMTisarevolutionary
conceptthathasbeendemonstratedinawidevarietyofdevices.FlynnResearchInc.isthepatent
holderonbasicandspecificPPMTpatents.

ComparedtoconventionalelectromagnetictechnologyPPMTdevicesare:SmallerLighterRun
coolerMoreenergyefficient

AllPPMTdevicesusetwoormorepermanentmagnetsplacedinparallelwithsteeringcoilsbetween
themagnets.WewillillustratePPMTbasicsintheformofasimplemagneticlatchingactuator:

Thebasicmagneticcircuitconsistsofafluxsteeringcoiloneachfluxpathasshowninfigure1.If
thereisnocurrentinthecoilsthemagneticcircuitthenactsasifthecoilsdonotexist.

Figure1.BasicPPMTactuator(fluxsteeringcoilsoff)
Howeverifcurrentflowsinthefluxsteeringcoilstoproduceamagneticpolarity,asshowninfigure2,
themagneticfluxproducedbythecoilscoupleswiththepermanentmagnet?sfluxandtheresultisfour
unitsofforceatonepoleofthedevice(fourunits,nottwo,isduetothesquaredforcelawofthe
combinedpermanentmagnetflux).Oncethefluxhasswitchedandtheactuationelementshavemoved
tocreateanairgaponthezeroforceside,thesteeringcoilscanbeturnedoffandtheactuatorormotor
willremaininthisnewstateatfourunitsofpermanentforcewithnopowerrequired.Amomentary
coilpulsewiththeoppositepolarity,willswitchtheactuatorintheoppositedirection.

Figure2.BasicPPMTactuatorsteeringcoilsengagedtoswitchallmagneticfluxtooneactuator
pole

IntheactuationofthePPMTdevice,thesteeringcoilonlyneedstohavesufficientcurrenttoequalthe
fluxofonepermanentmagnet.Thus,inPPMTdevicesagivenamountofmagneticfluxcanbe
controlledwithonlyhalfthefieldcoilpowerrequiredbyconventionaldevices.Furthermore,theforce
generatedbythePPMTdevicewillcontinue,withnopowerrequired,aslongasthegeometric
arrangementoftheelementsallowforit.

Thissamebasicmagnificationofthemechanical/magnetic/electriccouplingrelationshipexistsfor
generatorsandmotorsinasimilarmannerasitdoesfortheactuatorusedinthissimpleexample.
Comparedtoanequivalentconventionalmotor/generator,oractuatoraPPMTdevicehas:Higherpower
density,Higherpowerefficiency,Lighterweight,Smallerphysicalsize,Widertorquezonewithhigh
efficiency,Widerpowerzonewithhighefficiency,andCooleroperatingtemperatures.Figure3.Shows
asimpliedcrosssectionofonetypeofPPMTrotarymotor.

Figure3.PPMTmotorcrosssection

FlynnResearchoffersavarietyofstandardandcustomPPMTproductstomeetyourindustrial,
aerospace,automotive,marine,andenergyproductionneeds.FlynnResearchhasbuiltmorethan50
prototypesandproductionmodelsforvariousPPMTapplications.Prototypeshavebeenconstructed
withpowerratingsaslowas5wattsandashighas10,000watts.Thereisnoinherentpowerorsize
limittoPPMTdevices,theycanbescaledtowhateverpowerorsizeyourapplicationrequires.

Motors//Generators//Controllers//RotaryActuators//LinearActuators//LatchesandMagnetic
Clamps.

http://www.flynnresearch.net/

FlynnResearchisboththepatentholderandworldsleadingresearchanddevelopmentcompanyin
ParallelPathMagneticTechnology(PPMT).PPMTisanadvancedmagneticforcecontroltechnology
thatisapplicabletomotors,rotaryactuators,linearactuators,magneticlatches,andgenerators.PPMT
usespermanentmagnetscontrolledwithafieldcoilinparallelmagneticcircuits.PPMTisa
revolutionaryconceptthathasbeendemonstratedinawidevarietyofdevices.

ComparedtoconventionalelectromagnetictechnologyPPMTdevicesare:SmallerLighterRun
coolerMoreenergyefficient

http://www.pureenergysystems.com/academy/papers/How_Parallel_Path_Gets_Over_Unity/
 HowParallelPathGetsOverUnity
"[Thepaperbelowexplains]howJoeFlynn'sParallelPathdeviceworksandwheretheenergycomes
from.Ithinkyouwilllikeit.Itriedtowriteitsothatsomeonewhoislessthananuclearphysicsor
IEEEtypecanunderstandwhatisgoingon.Believeme,heisreallyontosomething.

"Iwasplayingwithmagnetsandprettymuchknewhisprinciplesalready.Ijusthadn'tquitegottento
theprocesstodothis.Iknewonehadtofindawaytoswitchapermanentmagnetandhehasdoneit.
Oncethatwasdonewithleverage(higherthan1:1ratio)thewholegamewasup.Itis!"

PaulNoel(March7,2006)PESNetwork,Inc.]

ParallelPathmotorsanddeviceslikethosesuppliedbyJoeFlynnareabletoachieveefficienciesabove
100%ofinputenergy.Thisfactisexperimentallydetermined.Nofunctionalpartoftheprocess
operatesover100%efficiencysohowcanthisbe?Theanswerisreallyprettysimple.

Themagneticfieldweusetogenerateelectricityinanormalmoderngeneratorisnottheresultofthe
inducingelectricalcurrent.Themagneticfieldispresentinthecoresofthemetalinthegeneratoratall
times.Allwedowiththeelectricalinductioncurrentinageneratoristosteerthefieldintoastable
directedfield.Thisfieldisthenreactedintimeandspaceagainstthemotionofthecoilsinthe
generatortoproduceelectricity.

Thesameistrueforelectricitycomingoutofatransformer.Itisn?tthesameelectricitythatcamein.
Thecurrentinoneofthewindingsofthetransformerdirectsamagneticfield.Themagneticfieldthen
steersanelectriccurrentalreadypresentinwindingsofthesecondarycoilofthetransformer.To
understandParallelPathtechnologyyoumustunderstandthis.

Hereisanexperimentthatillustratesfieldsandcurrents.Itisalotoffun.My3yearolddaughterloves
todoitit?sthatsimple.Itakea3/8inchby3/8inchrodNbFemagnet(N35)anddropitintoa
vertical2footlengthof1/2inchdiameter,bare,copperpipe.Themagnettakesabout5secondstofloat
downthe2footpipe.Hereiswhy.Themagnetsteerstheelectricalcurrentsinthecopperpipe.These
runcircularlytothemagnet.Theelectricalcurrentmakesamagneticfieldexactlyoppositetothatin
themagnet.Assuchthemagnetfloats.Astheresistanceinthepipedegradesthecurrent,itletsthe
magnetdrop.Ifthepipeweresuperconducting,themagnetwouldnotdropatall.Itwouldjustsit
therefloatinginmidair!

Solet'ssummarize:Amagneticfieldexistsinmatterandissteeredbyelectricalcurrents.Electrical
currentsdon?tcausethefieldit'salreadythereandjustalignswiththeelectricalcurrent.

Iknowsomepeoplearegoingtogetbentoutofshapeaboutthis,buttobespecific,thiseffectproves
thattheetherexists.Theether(or?aether?assomeliketospellit)istheuniversalmediumofallmatter
andenergy.ItiswhyJamesMaxwellsaidthat?Wecanscarcelyavoidtheconclusionthatlightconsists
inthetransverseundulationsofthesamemediumwhichisthecauseofelectricandmagnetic
phenomena.?

Thisetherhasbeenthesubjectofmuchseriousattackbymodernphysics,whichsupposedlydisposed
ofthismediumintheMichelsonMorleyexperiment.Unfortunate,thosewhoclaimthisdonot
understandthattheexperimentdependsuponreflectedlightbeingindependentofthemirroranditis
not.(Iwillnotgointothisdeeplyhere.)TheSagnacEffect,whichisusedinmodernGPSdevices,
bringstheetherintofullproofstatus.Itexists!Youcanbetyourlifeonit.Itisusedeveryday.

Withtheetherfullyinplace,thisgivesusawaytounderstandmagnets.Amagnetistothewavesinthe
etherwhatadiodeistoelectricity.Itisaonewaygate.Assuchwegetononesideabuildupofone
phaseoftheenergy,andontheothersidetheoppositephasebuildingup.Matchingphasescauses
repulsionbecausethewavesaddtoeachother.Oppositephasesresultinenergycancellationandmatter
ispulledtogether.

ThisallrelatestoafunnylittlethinginelectroopticscalledPhaseConjugateReflection.Without
gettingintoodeephereeither,thisisthelightfieldthatholdsmattertogetherintosolidorliquidor
whatever.Ifitisinphase,everythingstaysputandnoenergyappearsordisappears.Whenitisoutof
phase,allsortsofactionsstarthappening.Ofcourseawholelotofpeoplearenotgoingtolikethis
explanation.Itisweird,butitisreality.

Nowthateveryoneisproperlyuptospeedwithwhatisgoingonrightdownthereinthenuclear
structureofmatterinamagnet,itmustalsobenotedthatthisrelatestospinpairsintheatomic
nucleus.Thisgetsrightdownintowhatmatterisandthatsortofthingrealfast.Lestonespendone?s
entirelifearguingdeepnuclearphysics,let?smoveon.

Inanycase,ifthematterisspinningcorrectlyandthelightisbouncingaroundcorrectly,andthisof
coursedirectstheelectronscorrectlyandwhenallofthisislockeddowncorrectly?wegetapermanent
magnet.Wecouldalsospintheatomscorrectly,andallofthiswithanelectricalcurrent,orwithalight
beam.Rememberthough,thefieldwegetfromthemagnetisn?tfromourinputenergy.Itisfromthe
switchingoftheether.That?sright,folks!Whenamagneticfieldisinduced,itisnotmadebythe
inductioncurrent.Thatcurrentjustpushesthealignment?correctly??andtherestfollowslike
clockwork.[Editor'snote:theword"right"wasusedinsteadof"correctly"intheaboveparagraphinthe
original,andhasbeenchangedsoastonotbeconfusedwithrightv.left.]

Archimedes,areallybrightGreek,isquotedassaying,?Givemealeverlongenoughandaplacetorest
itandIwilllifttheworld.?Leverageisastandardtechnologyfromancienttimes.Weroutinelyuse
leverageinallsortsofways.Weevenuseittoamplifyelectricalsignals.Weusethegatefluxcontrol
oncrystalspoweredbyasmallcurrenttoopenthewayforareallybigcurrent.Thisiscalleda
transistor.Thiscutelittledeviceisaonewaydevice.Theprocessdoesnotworkinreverse.It
leverageselectricity.Similardevicesexistforlight.Upuntilnowourscientificmodelshavenot
describedsuchadeviceforamagneticfield.Buttheydoexist.TheprocessesofswitchingLight,
ElectricityandMagnetismexist.

Shockingly,thedevicesproposedinthelink(theydoexist)aboveprobablyinfringeonJoeFlynn?s
patent.Theyarenothingmorenorlessthanmicroscopicexamplesofhisparallelpathprocess!(Joe,
areyoureadingthis?)

WhatJoeFlynnhasisatransistor(actuallyapairoftransistors)foramagneticcircuit.Itisonehalfof
afullwavebridgewithgatecontrol.Thisisprettysimpleifyoulookathiswebsiteandseehowthe
magneticfieldisbeingcontrolled.Sinceweknowthatthemagneticfieldforthedeviceisnotsourced
inthecontrolfield,andweknowthatallheisdoingissteeringthecontrolledfield,wecanrecognize
thathehasn?tdoneanyfunnyphysics.

FlynnhasjustprovedwhatmenlikeTomBeardenhavebeensayingforalongtime.Thatis,thatthe
magneticfieldwegetoutisn?ttheenergyweputin.Butthatisnothingnewtoourcircuitryfor
electricityorforlight.Howcoulditbeanydifferentwithourmagnets?

Howdowegetefficiencyoverone?Simple.Thetwoendsarenotconnected.Thepersonwhoargues
thatyoucannotgetoutmorethanyouputinisstillcorrect?whendoingithisway.Heisextractinghis
controlcurrent?seffectataloss.Heissteeringamagneticarrangementthatisnativetomatterat
leverage.Hegetsitsenergyoutbutitisn?tthesamecircuitastheinductioncurrent.Heisn?teven
100%efficientatusingit.Hejustgetspartofitsenergy.Hepushesintheoutputof2magnetsandone
controlcurrent.Thefluxdrivesthemattertoinduceamagneticfieldequaltoabout3?magnetsafter
thelossesarecountedin.It?sallleverageandnothingelse.Theleveragesaystheoutputshouldbe4:1
andhegetsabout3.5:1.Heisn?tevendoingaperfectjob.

Anywisepersonhastoaskwhathappenstotheareawheretheenergycomesfrom.Tobeplain,itis
ratherlikeaheatpumpinyourhouse.Asitextractsenergyfromtheoutside,itcoolsthatarea.It
warmsthehouse.Intimealltheenergyreturnstowhereitcamefromandtheneteffectiszero.SoJoe
Flynndoesn?thurtanythingandwegettohavefun.Thelawsofconservationofmatterandenergyare
maintained.

ThoughTomBeardenpursuedtheextractionofenergyatPhaseConjugation,heeventuallygaveitup.
NowJoeFlynnhasachievedit.Tomwasrighthejustdidn?tgetthemethoddown.TomBeardenis
proudofJoe?ssuccessandasweallshouldbe.

Afinalnotemustbeadded:Whydoesn?tJoeFlynnremarkonthisandexploititforalltoseethatitis
?overunity??First,becauseitreallyisjustleverageandsteeringofexistingenergyfields.Second,the
readerneedsonlytoimaginehowharditmustbetosellamotorthatcranksouttorqueat2.5timesthat
whichtheelectriccompanyprovided.Thathastobeverynearlyimpossiblegiventheprejudiceagainst
suchbeingpossible.Hemightbewisetobuildthemotorsjusttoget99.9%ofthelinecurrentinputjust
tokeepthe?PhysicsPolice?offhisback.Eventhatlevelofefficiencywouldbefantasticandvaluable.

Onecanrestassuredthatifhesellsamotorthatgetsover2.5timesthelinecurrentvalueoutastorque,
somebrightpersonwillhookageneratortoitanddividethecurrentputtingsomebackintorunthe
motorandtheresttouseforwhateverheseesfit.Itwillhappen.Atthatpointallhellwillbreakloose,
giventheabsoluteunwillingnessofthe?Educated?peopletobelievewhatisactuallyhappening.Even
ifthedeviceisbuilt,theywon'twanttoadmitthatitworks.Joehastobeverycarefulwiththisdevice
andhemustknowit.Peoplegetputinjailformakingclaimslikethiseveniftheycanproveit!

ThereisanotherreasonJoemustbeverycareful.Thereisaterrifyingamountofinvestmentthathas
beenmade,andisstillbeingmadeinourexistingfuelbasedeconomy.Ifanyonehooksageneratorto
hismotorsandgetsmoreoutthanheputsin,thefuelsupplynetworks,minesandsuchwillbevery
upset.Sodon?theckleJoeifhekeepsabitquietonthis.Ifheisabitsubtleandunderstateshis
results,heisjustbeingprudentwiththistechnology.

Historyisinthemakingforsure.Thistechnologywillhavefarreachingconsequencesifitcomesinto
use.Theconsequenceswillincludethecompletealterationoftheworldbalanceofpower,andstrategic
considerations.Itwillcompletelyremakehowweuseourworld.Suchchangesaremostunsettlingtoa
lotofpeople.

http://www.magnetism.com/magblogarchives/2006/02/parallel_path_electromagnetic.html

ParallelPathElectromagneticMotors
Amagneticstormisbrewingatthiswebsiteover"parallelpathelectromagnetism",describedasanew
technologyfromFlynnResearch.

Thisisexplainedasamethodofcontrollinganddirectingmagneticfluxwithinthecoreofamotorto
provideanexponentiallygreatermotiveforcethanconventionalmotors.

Thepromotorsofthistechnologyclaimitwillleadtopowerfulandhighlyefficientelectricmotors.

Otherssayphooey.It'sjustanotherperpetualmotionmachinebasedonpoorscience.Sadly,thisismore
likelyexplanation.

Thesocalled"new"technologywaspatentedbyFlynnResearchin1998,andtheirwebsitelookslikeit
wasabandonedshortlyafterwards.

Ohwell.Backtothedrawingboard.

Postedby:RobertMelodia|October16,200605:29AM
Completelywrong.Boeingpubliclyendorsedthetechnologyin2006asonethatworks,anditwas
describedatoneofthemostprestigiousscientificconferencesinAmericaSTAIF.Thephysicsis
validated,replicatedatthePESWIKIsite,andalreadyinmassproductionforselectOEMcustomers.
Thesimplestofinternetsearchesrevealsthisinformation.

Postedby:TimHarwood|October17,200605:55PM

Wellthat'sinteresting.Theyseemtobequiteskepticalhere.Andasearchfor"parallelpath"onthe
Boeingwebsiteturnsupzilch.InfacttehonlyreferencetotoBoeingandparallelpathseemstocome
fromdubioussiteslikethis.MassproductionforwhichOEMcustomers?Makingwhat?Bah

Postedby:Physicsstudent|November3,200610:00AM

IwouldjustliketoconfirmthesciencebehindtheParallelPathtechnology.Ihavebuiltandtested
numerousversionsofthismotor.TheclamedmadeonFlynn'sWebsiteareveryaccurateand
repeatable.TheclaimstooverunitywerenotmadebyFlynnandyouwillnotseeanyonHisWebsite.
ThetruthregardingParallelPathTechnologyisthis:Thetechnologyworksandworksextremelywell.
Boingandnumerousothercompaniesarenowdesigningandbuildingthenextgenerationofmotorsand
generatorsusingthistechnology.

JoeFlynnalsoalongwithBoingpresentedpapersatSTAIFconferenceinFebruaryofthisyear.The
prooftothistechnologyhasalreadylongbeenestablished.

SoIaskthis:Ifthereisnothingtoitwhyarenumerouslargecorporationsbuildingprototypeparallel
pathmotorsandgeneratorsandwhyaretheARMY,AIRFORCE,andNAVYalsoinvolvedinresearch
ofthistechnology????

IthinkyoushoulddosomorediggingandyouwillfindwhatIsayheretobetrue.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yoM4Qjmduk

YouTubeFlynn'smotor
4min47secApr23,2008

http://pesn.com/Radio/Free_Energy_Now/shows/060812.htm

MikeSchuckeltoTalkaboutFlynnParallelPathEnergyTechnology
Aug.12,2006
bySterlingD.Allan
Copyright?2006PureEnergySystemsNews

INDIANA,USANewEnergyCongressmember,MikeSchuckel,hasbeenfollowingJosephFlynn's
ParallelPathtechnologybothasanobserveraswellasaresearcher,havingbuiltseveralreplicasofthe
technology,provingthatitdoeswork.

Amotorbuiltaccordingtothisdesignmethodologyispotentiallymuchmoreefficientthan
conventionalmotors.Designoffersexcellenttorque,highpowertoweightratios,andlow
manufacturingcostinvolumeproduction.

Anelectricvehicleusingsuchmotortechnology,forexample,couldhaveasmuchastwotimesthe
rangeonthesamebatterysystem,andatacomparablecost.

Existingmotorscouldusehavetheamountofenergytheydoatpresent,iftradedoutforaFlynnmotor.

ThereverseprocessisalsoapplicableinusingtheFlynntechnologyforgeneratorapplications,helping
thealt.energygenerationcostscomedownyetfurtherwiththeincreasedefficienciestheFlynnmotor
technologycanbringtobear.
TheFlynntechnologyisstillinresearchanddevelopment,tofindoptimalconfigurations.
Commercializationofthefirstmotorsavailableforpurchaseisexpectedwithinayear.

Allmotorandgeneratorcompaniesshouldevaluatethisbreakthroughtechnologyforpossiblelicensing.

http://www.opensourceenergy.org
PRWebPressReleaseNewswirev5

ParallelPathElectromagneticMotorsARevolutioninMotion?
OSEN(PRWEBviaPRWebDirect)February21,2006JoeFlynnfromFlynnResearchisworkingona
newtechnologycalled"ParallelPath"withBoeingPhantomWorks.Thetechnologyclaimstobeableto
increasemagnetmotorefficiencysubstantially,evenoverthe100%barrier.TheyhavereceivedaUS
Patent.

AtFlynnResearch,ParallelPathelectromagnetismisexplainedasamethodofcontrollinganddirecting
magneticfluxwithinthecoreofamotortoprovideanexponentiallygreatermotiveforcethan
conventionalmotors.Fromtheirtechnicalbriefaboutthetechnology,ParallelPathcouldverywell
usherinanewageofpowerfulandhighlyefficientelectricmotors.

Thevenerableelectricmotoroperatesonwellunderstoodprinciples.Astatorcontainsacoilthatwhen
energizedwithalternatingcurrent,generatesamagneticforcewhichinturnactsonarotortoproduce
motiveforce.Electricmotorscanturnthebladesofadeskfan,thewheelsofanelectricorhybridcar,or
theeventhepropellerofamassivecruiseship.Motorscomeinwidelydifferentsizes,thoughtheyshare
onecharacteristicforeachunitofelectricalpowerconsumed,contemporarymotorsgeneratea
smallerunitofmotiveforce.Accordingtothelawsofconservation,thismakessense.Youshouldnotbe
abletogetmoreoutofasystemthanyouputintoitandwhensomeoneclaimstohaveinvented
somethingwhichdoesotherwise,skepticsarequicktochallengethevalidityofanyclaimthatappears
toviolateconservation.

AccordingtothetechnicalbriefattheFlynnResearchwebsite,ParallelPathisaquantumleapin
electromagneticmotortechnologythatrequiresnoexoticmaterialsorquestionablescience.AParallel
Pathmotorusesapairofpermanentmagnetsinadditiontothefamiliarstatorcoilrotorarrangementof
currentmotors.Themagnets,alongwithanairgap,allowallofthemagneticfluxwithinthecoretobe
manipulatedanddirectedthisabilitytomanipulatethemagneticfluxinthecoreofamotoriswhat
providestheexponentialincreaseinefficiencywithParallelPathtechnology.Bestofall,theParallel
Pathtechnologycanbeusedwithlinearaswellasrotaryelectricmotors.

IndependentreplicationsoftheParallelPathtechnologyappeartosupportFlynnResearch?sclaims.
TestingandFiniteElementAnalysisshowthattheParallelPathsystemindeedmanagestonotonly
increasethemagneticfluxinthecorebyafactoroffouroverconventionalelectricmotors,but
manipulatethefluxtoactinthedirectionofmotion,generatingconsiderablymoremotivepowerthan
conventionalmotors.

Whilethisisstillanewtechnology,motorsbuiltwithParallelPathtechnologycouldprovideamuch
neededboosttotheelectricvehicleindustrybyprovidingmotorsthatgeneratealotofmotivepower
whileusingconsiderablelesselectricalpower.

WhatlendsevenmorecredibilitytoParallelPathisthatBoeingPhantomWorksisapparentlybacking
thetechnologyandhasrecentlypresentedwithFlynnResearchonthetechnologyatthelatestSTAIF
conferenceheldAlbuquerque,NMthisFeb2006.

FlynnResearchalsohasapatentthatiscertainlyworthcheckingoutitsnumberisUSPatentNo.
6,246,561

Discussionlink:http://forum.osen.org/Home/tabid/36/forumid/11/postid/165/view/topic/Default.aspx

FullArticle:
http://www.opensourceenergy.org/txtlstvw.aspx?LstID=005f1c7243ec4bbaa31890b4c7a3ef71
FullDetails:
http://forum.osen.org/Home/tabid/36/forumid/16/postid/174/view/topic/Default.aspx

Contact:MatthewCarson
OpenSourceEnergyNetwork(OSEN)Canada
Phone:1.888.759.7057ext709
Website:http://www.opensourceenergy.org

http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AIPC..813.1205F

ParallelPathMagneticTechnologyforHighEfficiencyPowerGeneratorsandMotor
Drives
Flynn,C.J.Talsoe,N.B.Childress,J.J.
SpaceTechnologyandApplicationsInternationalForumSTAIF2006:10thConferenceon
ThermophysicsApplicationsinMicrogravity23rdSymposiumonSpaceNuclearPowerand
Propulsion4thConferenceonHuman/RoboticTechnologyandtheNationalVisionforSpace
Exploration4thSymposiumonSpaceColonization3rdSymposiumonNewFrontiersandFuture
Concepts.AIPConferenceProceedings,Vol.813,held1216February2006inAlbuquerque,NM.
EditedbyMohamedS.ElGenk.ISBN0735403058ISSN0094243XISSN0735403066(CD
ROM).PublishedbyAmericanInstituteofPhysics,Melville,NY:2006,p.1205

DOI:10.1063/1.2169303

http://peswiki.com/index.php/Directory:Flynn_Parallel_Path_principle_device
FlynnParallelPath'principle'deviceproject

AssemblyInstructions
by

MikeSchuckel

InstructionsforbuildingadevicetoillustratetheprincipleofFlynn'sParallelPathtechnology.

Thedevicedescribedhereisbynomeansoptimized!!Ithrewthistogetherwithwhatwasavailablein
theshop.Devicesofthistype,builtbyMr.Flynnarefarmoreefficientthenthisdevice.Thisdeviceis
greatdemounitthatwillshowtheParallelPatheffectataminimalinvestment.Iwillbeworkingona
motorassemblyprojectonthissiteaswell,soon.MichaelSchuckel(Feb.20,2006)

FinishedDevice

Diagram
 AssemblyInstructions

 ...

Startwithalaminant.ThelaminatesshowncamefromatransformerIhadlyingaroundthe
shop.Onlyusingstraightportion,notEportion.Thelaminatescanalsobepurchasedfrom
severalcompanies.OnecompanyIfoundisIndustriesInternational
http://members.aol.com/indintl/prdidx.htm.Makesurethatyouspecifythatyouarelooking
for?I?shapedlaminates.Thelaminatesmaybeanysizethatisclosetothesizeshown
here.ThesizeIusedherewere.715?X4.25?X.013?Youwillneed180laminatestobuild
thisdevice.Fourstacksof45each.

Place45laminantsinvice

Iused??strappingtapeforthisdevice.Cuta12?longpieceandstartnearthebase.Make
surethatyouleavetheholesinthelaminatesopen.Alsomakesuretopullthetapefairly
tightandkeepitasstraightasyoucan.

Placeotherendoflaminantsbarinvice
Flipthelaminatestackoverandmountintheviseagain.Cutanother12?longpieceand
startnearthebaseandapplyjustliketheothersid

Tapemiddleoflaminantsbar

Findthecenterofthebarandmarkit.TokeepitsimpleIuse12"piecesoftape.Thiskeeps
thingsfromgettingoutofhand.Apply312"piecesoftapetoeachsideofthecenterline.
Makesuretotakeyoutimeandrapthetapeasstraightasyoucan.

Thenapply3more12?piecesoftapetotheothersideofthecenterline.Keepitbuttup
againstthetapeyoujustappliedontheothersideofthecenterline.
Theraisedtapeareawillformaninsulatedbaseforthewirewinding.

Windbar

Thewindingwilluse82?of#26gagemagnetwire.Startthewindingusinga??X1?piece
ofstrappingtapetoholdthewireinplace.Leave12inchesofwireforthewindinglead
wire.Startthewindingwithlightpressureuntilyouhaveseveralturnsinplacethen
increasethepressureabit.Keepthewindingassnugandneatasyoucan.

Stopwindingthefirstlayerabout1/32"fromtheendofthewindingarea.Thisfinishesfirst
layer.

Gluebothwindingendstobar
Thegluekeepsthewiresfromslippingasyouapplythenextlayer

Windsecondlayer

Beginningofsecondlayer.Thewindingwillbe4layersdeep.Makesuretousethinsuper
glueatbothendsofthewindingoneachlayer.Allowtimeforthesupergluetocure.You
canbuyinstantcureagentforsuperglueathobbyshops.Theinstantcureisapumpspray
andmakesthegluingprocessmuchfaster.Superglueisimportant,itholdstheprevious
layerstogetherandallowsthenextlayertowindoverwithouthavingthepreviouslayerfall
in.Thegluealsoholdseverythingtogetherwhenyou?refinished.

Windingfinished

Windingfinished,closeup.Noticemultiplelayers.Thewindingshouldbe4layersdeepif
alliswell.Note:ifthewindingismoreorlessthenthisamoutbyabit,it'sok.Justmake
sureyouuse80ofthe82feetofwireinthewinding.Thewindingisalsocoatedentirely
withsuperglueforstrength.

MagnetBetweenWoundBars
Magnetswrappedwithtapetokeepthemtogether.TargetGaussofonecombinedmagnet
unit:4,000Gauss.TheseweremagnetsIhadavailableintheshop.Isuggestthatyoushop
forceramicVIII??cubemagnetsforyoudevices.Themagnetsizeisnotcritical.
Anythingclosetothissizewillwork.Whatiscriticalisthestrengthofthemagnets.The
magnetsmustbenomorethen4500gaussandnoless1000gauss.Thecloseryoucanget
to4500gaussthestrongerthedevicewillbe.

MagnetwithNorthUp

MakesurethatthemagnetsareplacedinthedevicewiththeNorthpolesup.Ifthemagnets
arepolarizedwrongthedevicewillnotwork

TapeEndLaminantStack
PhotoFeb.20.Notethatthislaminantstackisbeingplacedattheend,inplaceofthe
darkercoloredstackfromphotostakenFeb.18below

Laminantstackacrossends

Thetwostacksareheldinplacemagnetically.Ideally,thelengthoftheendlaminants
shouldbesuchthatitdoesnotgoshortofthewidthofthetwowoundlaminantbars
separatedbymagnets.(NotethatintheFeb.20photostheendlaminantstacks,lighterin
color,below,areoftheproperlength.)Onceyouhavethemagnetsinplaceyoucan
measurethelengththattheendbarstackswillneedtobe.Youwillneedtinsnipstocutthe
remaining90laminatestolength.Cuttingthelaminateswillwarpthemabit,that?sokjust
clamptheninavicetostraightenthenout.Eachendbarstackuses45laminates.Tapethe
endstackwith212?piecesofstrappingtapeoneoneachendoftheendbars.

Completeddevice
Feb18Thefinisheddeviceshouldlooklikethepictures.youarenowreadytowireup
thewindings.ThewindingsarewiredupinparallelandMUST!!!bereversepolarity.The
polarityiscritical,ifthewindingsarenotreversedinpolarity,thedevicewillnotwork.

Withthewindingswiredproperlyandtheendbarsinplace.Connectthewindingsto2c
sizebatteries(avariable3,6,9,12vhouseholdPSUsratedat2ampscanalsobeused).The
deviceshouldshowtheparallelpatheffectat3volts.Theparallelpatheffectissimplythis:
allofthemagneticforcewillfocustoonesideofthedeviceandnoforcewillbeonthe
othersideofthedevice.Simplysaidthebarwillfalloffonesideandtheotherbarwillbe
heldinplacewithextremeforce.WhenIsayextremeImeanitwilltakeallyourmiteto
removethesecondbarwhilepowerisapplied.Istronglysuggestthatyoumountthedevice
toaboardbeforeattemptingtopullthebarofftopreventdamagetothedevice.

Important:IfyouuseavariableHouseholdPSUmakesurethatitisnotasteppedvoltage
typeunit.Thesupplymustbelinearlyadjustablewithanadjustmentknob.

Whenyoutestthedevicestartwiththevoltagesetto1volt.Slowlyadjustthevoltageupto
the3voltmarkcheckingtheendbarsasyoudoso.WhentheParallelPatheffecttakes
placeoneoftheendbarswillhavenoforceholdingittothedevice,andwilldropoff,
whiletheotherbarwilllockintoplace.Youwillnoticethatasyouapproachthispointthat
thebarthatisloosewillhaveadecreasingforceholdingitinplaceuntilyoureachthe
ParallelPatheffectpoint.Eithersideofthispointyouwillseeforcestarttobuildonthe
loosesideofthedevice.

Onethingtonote:Theendbarontheactivesideofthedevcicemustbeinplaceorthe
parallelpatheffectwillnottakeplace.Inotherwordsifafluxpathisnotprovidedonthe
activesideofthedevicewhenyouapplypower.Youwillnotseethefluxfocustooneside.
Somakesureyouhavebothendbarsinplacewhenyoutestthedevice.

Thepolaritythatisconnectedtothedevicewillcausetheparallelpatheffecttoswitch
sides.

Results
MikeSchuckel'sdemonstrationdeviceinthephotographsabovecreatessuchastrongforce
ontheoneendthatitcannotberemovedbyhandandthiswithjusttheinputoftwoC
sizebatteries.

ThisdemonstratestheFlynnParallelPathmagneteffect.

1)Thedroppingoffoftheoneendsignalslossofmagnetismthere.

2)Thestrengtheningofthemagneticpullontheotherenddemonstratesthefocusingofthe
magneticfluxtothatside.

Itisthisredirectingoftheflux,whichcouldbethoughtofasmultiplyingthemagnetic
field,thatenablestheFlynnParallelPathmotorstogive3.5xmorepoweroutperthe
sameamountofenergyputinandthesamesizeofmotorasatraditionalmotordesign.

PartsList

Laminants

Youcaneithergetthesethroughcanibalizingatransformer,oryoucanorderthelaminants
new.

Thelaminatescomein?E?and?I?shapes.The?I?shapedlaminatesarewhatweneedto
buildthisdevice,sobesuretospecifythatyouwantthe?I?shapedlaminates.

TheexactsizeIusedwas.75?X4.125?X.013?.Anylaminateclosetothissizewillwork.
Thisdevicerequires180oftheselaminatesdividedinto4stacksof45each.

Theendbarsarethesame?I?shapedlaminatesbutwillneedtobecuttolengthlater.
CannibalizeanOldTransformerYouwillneedtofindanoldtransformer,agoodsizefor
thetransformerwouldbe5?X5?X5?.Thesizeisnotcritical,butthesizementioned
hereiswhatIhadintheshoptoworkwith.

Thetransformerscanbepurchasedassurplus.

Ifatransformerisfoundyouwanttolookitoverbeforeyoubuy.Donotbuyatransformer
thatisWELDED,youneedtofindatransformerthatisjustpottedandpressedtogether.
Youwillneedtoslowlyuseacarpetknifeandahacksawbladetoseparatethelaminates
andremovethemfromthetransformer.Thiswilltakealotoftime,soiftimeisnotonyour
side,thenbuythelaminatesfromIndustriesInternational.PurchaseLaminantesYoucan
purchasethelaminatesfromIndustriesInternational.Theweblinkis
http://members.aol.com/indintl/prdidx.htm.

Magnets

Themagnetscanbeanytypethatmeasures4500gaussorless.Iusedsamariumcobalt
magnetsinthemodelIbuiltbecauseIhadthemintheshop.Thesemagnetsarerightat
4000gausseach.Isuggestyouget??cubeceramicVIIImagnetsCheapceramicmagnets
(http://www.magnetsource.com/Consumer%20Pages/Ceramic_Mags.html)

MagnetWire

Iused80?of#26gagemagnetwireforeachoftwowindings.

170footof26gaugemagnetwire.Thiswillprovideyouwithenoughwirefor2?80?
windings.StrappingTapeIused3/4?widestrappingtapetorapthelaminates.SuperGlue2
tubesofthinSuperglue.WiresTwo18gaugewirestoconnecttothemagnetwires.Onered
andoneblackwirewouldbepreferable.EquipmentBatteriesTwoCsizebatteries.
Oryoucangowithapowersupply.PowerSupplyYoucanusetwoCsizebatteries,oryou
canuseapowersupply.

TrytheseSources:

http://www.adleraudio.com/web/mdl/PS32LAB/detail.aspThat'saboutthebestpriceI
havebeenabletofind.Adecentsupplyisgoingtocost~$100..

http://www.sportcraftcars.com/prof.power.htm

http://shop.store.yahoo.com/webtronics/3002a.html

http://www.lafayetteradio.com/Power_Supplies/PS32LAB.htmadecent5ampbench
supply.SolderSolderandsolderinggun.VoltageRegulatorYouneedtobeabletoincrease
anddecreasetheinputvoltagetofindtheplacewheretheeffectkicksin.

http://peswiki.com/index.php?
title=Talk:Directory:Flynn_Parallel_Path_principle_device&oldid=17809
March10,2006.

JanVink'sReplication
"Ihavebuiltthe'proofofconcept'deviceanditworks!!!"

Measuringtapeisinmetric.

Onthefirstphotoyoucanseethesteelbarthatwillfalloffwhentheeffectkicksin.
Observations

Theppeffectkicksinat2.2Ampsat6.8V(about15watt).

Itiseasiertogetresultsbyusinganadjustablepowersupply,becausetheenergyframefor
theeffectisindeedverysmall.

Istillhavetoimprovethewaytomeasuretheforceatde4xsidewithafineadjustable
pieceofhardwareconnectedtoanunster.Butthefirstindicationsareintheorderof3x!.

Itseemsthattheairgapbetweenthecoilsbarsandthehorizontaloneisverycritical.

Mynextfocuswillbeonarotarydeviceanditishardtokeepconcentratedonmynormal
workbecauseoftheverypromisingresults!!!!!!!!!!!!!.

JanVink

Materials

Thelaminantswiththecoilsare20x25x150mminsize.

Iused4magnets2againsteachother(fortherightamountofspace).

Magnetsize20x20x10mm(Neodym,N42).

Wireforthecoilsis0,4mm,35mlong.

TooStrongofMagnetsSaturateLaminate

MikeSchuckelsaysthatthemagnetsherearetoostrong,andthatthelaminantsreach
saturation,sotheeffectisnotaspronounced.(March17,2006)

From:mschuckel
To:pes_flynn_pp@yahoogroups.com
Sent:Friday,March17,20063:41PM
Subject:Re:[pes_flynn_pp]"itworks"
GreatworkJan,

IdidnoticethatyouusedN42NIBmagnetsforyourdevice.Youneedtogetmuchweaker
magnetstooptimizeyourdevice.IfyouuseceramicVIIImagnetsyouwillstillreach
saturationinthecorematerial,butatamuchlowervoltageandcurrent.Sayaround2or3
voltsatroughlyhalfthecurrent.IknowthatJoeFlynnhashadsomeofhisdevicessaturate
atbelow1volt.

JustthoughtIwouldgiveyousomethingtoshootfor.

Thanksforyourcommentonthemagnets
Mike,

ThedeviceonthepicturesisbuiltusingthingsIhadinstockinmyworkshop.

Nowintheprocessoffindingmagnetsofthetypeindicatedandbuildingstuffaroundthe
devicetobeabletomeasuretheforcesinamoreaccurateway.

JanVink

BuildaProofofConceptFlynnParallelPathMagnetDevice
Byaligningtwomagneticfieldstoonesideofafluxcore,youcandeliver3.5xmore
unitsofmagneticforcethantheelectricalinputalonecouldsupply.

Introduction

Amotorbuiltwiththistechnologyisatleast3.5timesmoreefficientthanconventional
motors,offersexcellenttorque,andhighpowertoweightratios.It'snottrueperpetual
motion,becauseitdoesn'tviolatelawsofphysics,andcanbemodelledinindustrystandard
fluxsoftware.Itdoesaddanewrulethatissuretobecomeachapterinfutureelectronics
textbooks,andtobecomestandardfareinmanyelectricmotors.

MichealSchuckelhassuccessfullyreplicatedseveralvariationsofFlynn'sParallelPath
technology,andhasworkedwithJosephFlynn.Hehasagreedtoprovideaclearsetof
instructionsonhowtobuildthesimplestaticdevice,toillustratetheParallelPathconcept,
aswellasadditionalcontentdescribinghowtobuildaFlynnPPmotorwith3.5xtheoutput
ofanormalmotordesign.BasicConcept.Thefollowingdiagramrepresentstheprinciple
thatthisproofofconceptdeviceisdesignedtoillustrate.
ThethirdofthefourscenariosintheabovediagramrepresentstheFlynnParallelPath
scenario.

Thisnextdiagramprovidesadiagramoftheaparatus.
ExperimentalSetupSetsfortheobjectiveandprocedurefordemonstratingthe
phenomenonoffocusingthefourpolesoftwomagnetsinonedirection.
SimpleFluxExperimentByTimHarwood.Basicapparatuscanbeaslittleas$10.
DiscussionGrouphttp://groups.yahoo.com/group/pes_flynn_pp/Yahoo!Groupsforum
tosupplementtheseprojects.

US6246561
MethodsforControllingthePathofMagneticFluxfromaPermanent
MagnetandDevicesIncorporatingtheSame
Inventor:FLYNNCHARLESJ
Applicant:MAGNETICREVOLUTIONSLTD

20010612

Alsopublishedas:WO0007285

AbstractApermanentmagnetdeviceincludesapermanentmagnethavingnorthand
southpolefaceswithafirstpolepiecepositionedadjacentonepolefacethereofanda
secondpolepiecepositionedadjacenttheotherpolefacethereofsoastocreateatleasttwo
potentialmagneticfluxpaths.Afirstcontrolcoilispositionedalongonefluxpathanda
secondcontrolcoilispositionedalongtheotherfluxpath,eachcoilbeingconnectedtoa
controlcircuitforcontrollingtheenergizationthereof.Thecontrolcoilsmaybeenergized
inavarietyofwaystoachieveddesirablemotiveandstaticdevices,includinglinear
reciprocatingdevices,linearmotiondevices,rotarymotiondevicesandpowerconversion.

FIELDOFTHEINVENTION

Thisinventionrelatesgenerallytopermanentmagnetdevicesandmoreparticularly,toa
permanentmagnetcontrolcomponentinwhichtheflowoffluxfromapermanentmagnet
iscontrolledbetweentwoormorefluxpathsbyutilizingtimeddeliveryofelectricalsignals
throughoneormorecoilsplacedalongatleastoneofthefluxpaths.Suchpermanent
magnetcontrolcomponentsmaytakeonavarietyofconfigurationsfacilitatinguseofsuch
componentsinavarietyofapplicationsincludingapplicationsinvolvingtheproductionof
reciprocating,linear,androtarymotionandpowerconversion.Severalnovelpermanent
magnetrotarymotiondevicesofmotorconstructionswhichoperatebycontrollingthepath
ofmagneticfluxfromoneormorepermanentmagnetsaredescribed,suchpermanent
magnetrotarymotorconstructionshavingincreasedefficiencyandmoredesirabletorque
characteristicsascomparedtomanycurrentlyusedmotors.

BACKGROUNDOFTHEINVENTION

Magneticforceofattractioniscommonlyusedinavarietyoftypesofpermanentmagnet
devicesincludingbothlinearandrotarymotors.Inthefieldofsuchpermanentmagnet
devicesthereisacontinuouspursuitofincreasedefficiencyandreducedcomplexity.

Accordingly,anobjectofthepresentinventionistoprovideapermanentmagnetcontrol
componentinwhichthepathofagivenlevelofpermanentmagnetfluxcanbecontrolled
byalesserlevelofelectromagneticflux.

Anotherobjectofthepresentinventionistoprovideapermanentmagnetcontrol
componentinwhichsubstantiallyallofthefluxfromapermanentmagnetcanbeswitched
betweenatleasttwodifferentfluxpathsofthepermanentmagnetcontrolcomponentsoas
toenableusefulworkintheformoflinear,reciprocating,androtarymotion.

Stillanotherobjectofthepresentinventionistoprovidepermanentmagnetcontrol
componentsandmotorconstructionsinwhichfluxpathcontrolisprovidedbyenergizing
an10electromagnettoopposethemagneticfluxofoneormorepermanentmagnets.
Anotherobjectofthepresentinventionistoprovidepermanentmagnetcontrolcomponents
andmotorconstructionsinwhichfluxpathcontrolisprovidedbyenergizingan
electromagnettoaidthemagneticfluxofoneormorepermanentmagnets.

Yetanotherobjectofthepresentinventionistoprovidepermanentmagnetmotor15
constructionswithimprovedoperatingcharacteristics.

SUMMARYOFTHEINVENTION

Theseandotherobjectsoftheinventionareattainedbyanapparatuswhich,inoneaspect,
isapermanentmagnetdevice,comprisingapermanentmagnethavingnorthandsouthpole
faces,afirstpolepiece,asecondpolepiece,afirstcontrolcoil,asecondcontrolcoil,and
circuitmeans,thefirstpolepiecepositionedadjacentthenorthpolefaceofthepermanent
magnetandincludingafirstpathportion,asecondpathportionandathirdportion,thefirst
pathportionextendingbeyondaperimeterofthenorthpolefaceandthesecondpath
portionextendingbeyondtheperimeterofthenorthpolefacetodefinefirstandsecondflux
pathsformagneticfluxemanatingfromthenorthpolefaceofthepermanentmagnet,the
firstpathportionofthefirstpolepiececonnectedtothesecondpathportionofthefirstpole
piecebythethirdportionwhichextendsacrossthenorthpolefaceofthepermanent
magnet,thesecondpolepiecepositionedadjacentthesouthpolefaceandincludingafirst
pathportionandasecondpathportion,thefirstpathportionextendingbeyondaperimeter
ofthesouthpolefaceandsubstantiallyalignedwiththefirstpathportionofthefirstpole
piece,thesecondpathportionextendingbeyondtheperimeterofthesouthpolefaceand
substantiallyalignedwiththesecondpathportionofthefirstpolepiece,thefirstcontrol
coilpositionedaroundthefirstpathportionofthefirstpolepiece,thesecondcontrolcoil
positionedaroundthesecondpathportionofthefirstpolepiece,thecircuitmeans
connectedtoeachofthefirstcontrolcoilandthesecondcontrolcoiltoalternatingly
energizethefirstcoilandthesecondcoilinatimedsequentialmanner.

Anotheraspectofthepresentinventionprovidesamethodforcontrollingthepathof
magneticfluxfromapermanentmagnetwhichinvolvesplacingafirstpolepieceadjacenta
firstpolefaceofthepermanentmagnetsoastohaveatleastfirstandsecondpathportions
extendingbeyondaperimeterofthefirstpoleface.Asecondpolepieceisplacedadjacenta
secondpolefaceofthepermanentmagnetsoastoincludeatleastoneportionwhich
substantiallyalignswiththefirstandsecondpathportionsofthefirstpolepiece.Afirst
controlcoilisplacedalongandaroundthefirstpathportionofthefirstpolepieceanda
secondcontrolcoilisplacedalongandaroundthesecondpathportionofthefirstpole
piece.Thefirstcontrolcoilisrepeatedlyenergizedinapermanentmagnetmagneticflux
opposingmannersoastopreventmagneticfluxofthepermanentmagnetfromtraversing
thefirstpathportionofthefirstpolepiece,andthesecondcontrolcoilisrepeatedly
energizedinapermanentmagnetmagneticfluxopposingmannersoastopreventmagnetic
fluxofthepermanentmagnetfromtraversingthesecondpathportionofthefirstpole
piece.

Yetanotheraspectofthepresentinventionprovidesamethodforcontrollingthepathof
magneticfluxfromapermanentmagnetbyplacingafirstpolepieceadjacentafirstpole
faceofthepermanentmagnetsoastohaveatleastfirstandsecondpathportionsextending
beyondaperimeterofthefirstpoleface.Asecondpolepieceisplacedadjacentasecond
polefaceofthepermanentmagnetsoastoincludeatleastoneportionwhichsubstantially
alignswiththefirstandsecondpathportionsofthefirstpolepiece.Afirstcontrolcoilis
placedalongandaroundthefirstpathportionofthefirstpolepiece,andasecondcontrol
coilisplacedalongandaroundthesecondpathportionofthefirstpolepiece.The
followingstepsarealternatinglyperformedinarepeatedmanner:

(i)energizingthefirstcontrolcoilinapermanentmagnetmagneticfluxaidingmannerso
astocouplewithsubstantiallyallmagneticfluxofthepermanentmagnetsuchthat
substantiallynomagneticfluxofthepermanentmagnettraversesthesecondpathportionof
thefirstpolepiecewhenthefirstcontrolcoilissoenergizedand

(ii)energizingthesecondcontrolcoilinapermanentmagnetmagneticfluxopposing
mannersoastocouplewithsubstantiallyallmagneticfluxofthepermanentmagnetsuch
thatsubstantiallynomagneticfluxofthepermanentmagnettraversesthefirstpathportion
ofthefirstpolepiecewhenthesecondcontrolcoilissoenergized.

Afurtheraspectofthepresentinventionprovidesmethodforcontrollingthepathof
magneticfluxfromapermanentmagnetbyplacingafirstpolepieceadjacentafirstpole
faceofthepermanentmagnetsoastohaveatleastfirstandsecondpathportionsextending
beyondaperimeterofthefirstpoleface,andplacingasecondpolepieceadjacentasecond
polefaceofthepermanentmagnetsoastoincludeatleastoneportionwhichsubstantially
alignswiththefirstandsecondpathportionsofthefirstpolepiece.Afirstcontrolcoilis
placedalongandaroundthefirstpathportionofthefirstpolepiece,andasecondcontrol
coilisplacedalongandaroundthesecondpathportionofthefirstpolepiece.The
followingstepsarealternatinglyperformedinarepeatedmanner:

(i)energizingthefirstcontrolcoilinapermanentmagnetmagneticfluxaidingmannerso
astocouplewithsubstantiallyallmagneticfluxofthepermanentmagnetsuchthat
substantiallynomagneticfluxofthepermanentmagnettraversesthesecondpathportionof
thefirstpolepiecewhenthefirstcontrolcoilissoenergizedand

(ii)energizingthesecondcontrolcoilinapermanentmagnetmagneticfluxopposing
mannersoastocouplewithsubstantiallyallmagneticfluxofthepermanentmagnetsuch
thatsubstantiallynomagneticfluxofthepermanentmagnettraversesthefirstpathportion
ofthefirstpolepiecewhenthesecondcontrolcoilissoenergized.

BRIEFDESCRIPTIONOFTHEINVENTION

Forabetterunderstandingofthepresentinventionreferencemaybemadetothe
accompanyingdrawingsinwhich:

[PATENTFIGURES]

FIG.1isaperspectiveviewofamagneticdeviceinwhichthemagneticfluxfroma
magneticmembertraverseasinglepathtoproduceacouplingforce

FIG.2isaperspectiveviewofamagneticdeviceinwhichthemagneticfluxfroma
magneticmembersplitsbetweentwopaths

FIG.3isasideviewoftwomagneticmembersarrangeinparallelbetweenpolepieces

FIG.4isasideviewoftwomagneticmembersarrangedinseriesbetweenpolepieces

FIGS.56aresideviewsofapermanentmagnetdeviceincludingapermanentmagnet
havingpolepiecespositionedagainstthepolefacesthereofandincludingamovable
armature

FIGS.79aresideviewsofapermanentmagnetdeviceincludingapermanentmagnet
havingpolepiecespositionedagainstthepolefacesthereoftoprovidetwomagneticflux
pathsandincludingamovablearmaturepositionablealongeachmagneticfluxpath

FIGS.10,10A10Hareperspectiveviewsofvariousembodimentsofpermanentmagnet5
controlcomponentswhichincludetwoormoremagneticfluxpaths

FIGS.11,11A11Faresideviewsofapermanentmagnetdeviceincludingapermanent
magnethavingpolepiecespositionedagainstthepolefacesthereofandincludinga
movablearmatureandapermanentbypassextendingbetweenthepolepieces

FIGS.12,12A12Earesideviewsofatwopathpermanentmagnetdeviceincludingtwo
bypasses

FIGS.13A13Caresideviewsofapermanentmagnetlinearreciprocatingdevice

FIG.14isasideviewofanelectromagneticlinearreciprocatingdevice
FIG.15isasideviewofatwopathpermanentmagnetdeviceshowingcontrolcoils
energizedinanexceedingmanner

FIGS.16AEareasideviewofalinearreciprocatingdevicewithcontrolcoilsenergizedin
anexceedingmanner

FIGS.17A17Ddepictanotherembodimentofalinearreciprocatingdevice

FIGS.18A18Eshowalinearmotiondevice

FIG.19isanexplodedperspectiveviewofarotarymotiondevice

FIG.20isapartialassembledandcutawayviewoftherotarymotiondeviceofFIG.19

FIGS.21A21EaretopviewsofthepartialassemblyofFIG.20,whichviewsdepict
rotationalmotionthereof,

FIG.22isanassembled,cutawayviewoftherotarymotiondeviceofFIG.19includinga
housing

FIG.23isanexplodedperspectiveviewofanotherembodimentofarotarymotiondevice

FIG.24isaperspectiveviewoftherotarymotiondeviceofFIG.23asassembled

FIGS.25A25BareendviewsoftherotarymotiondeviceofFIG.24withtheendcap
removedtoexposetherotormember

FIGS.2628showendviewsofvariousconfigurationsforskewingthedirectionofrotation
intherotarymotiondeviceofFIG.24

FIGS.29A29DareendviewsoftherotarymotiondeviceofFIG.24illustratinga
sequenceofrotationalmovementthereof

FIG.30isanexplodedpartialperspectiveviewofanotherembodimentofarotarymotion
device

FIG.31isaperspectiveviewoftherotarymotiondeviceofFIG.30asassembled

FIGS.32A32DaretopviewsoftherotarymotiondeviceofFIG.31illustratingrotational
movementthereof

FIG.33isasideviewoftherotarymotiondeviceofFIG.31asassembledandincludinga
housing

FIG.34isaperspectiveviewofanotherembodimentofarotarymotiondevice

FIG.35isatopviewoftherotarymotiondeviceofFIG.34

FIG.36isaperspectiveviewofthepermanentmagnetrotormemberoftherotarymotion
deviceofFIG.34

FIGS.37and38showalternativeconfigurationsforthecontrolcomponentincorporated
intotherotarymotiondeviceofFIG.34

FIGS.39A39DaretopviewsoftherotarymotiondeviceofFIG.34anddepictrotational
movementthereof

FIGS.4044arealternativevariationsofcircuitmeansforcontrollingthetimed
energizationofcontrolcoilsinthevariousdevicesofthepresentinvention

FIGS.45A45Cand45X45Zaresideviewsoftwopathpowerconversiondevices
FIG.46isaschematicviewofthepermanentmagnetportionofarotorforuseinsome
embodimentsofthepresentdevice

FIGS.47and48showotherembodimentsofalinearmotiondevice

FIG.49isatopviewofanotherembodimentofarotatingmotorlikeconstructionand

FIG.50isaschematicviewofoneofthethreestatorportionsofthedeviceshowninFIG.
49.

DETAILEDDESCRIPTIONOFTHEDRAWINGS

Referringnowtothedrawings,FIGS.14areprovidedtofacilitateanunderstandingof
variousaspectsorfeaturesofthetechnologyutilizedinthepresentinvention.FIG.1
depictsadevice10havingamagneticfluxproducingmember12whichmaybea
permanentmagnetorelectromagnetwithmagneticpoles14and16asshown.Polepieces
18and20arepositionedadjacentrespectivepoles14and16toprovideapathforthe
magneticfluxofmember12.Eachpolepiece18and20includesarespectivepolepiece
endface22and24.Asusedthroughoutthisspecificationitisunderstoodthatapolepiece,
regardlessofitsshapeorsize,ispreferablyformedofsoftiron,steelorsomeother
magneticmaterial,withthepreferredmaterialbeingonewhichprovideslowreluctance,
exhibitslowhysterisis,andhasahighmagneticfluxdensitycapability.Accordingly,the
variouspolepiecesdisclosedanddescribedhereincouldlikewisebeoflaminatetype
construction.ReferringagaintoFIG.1anarmature26,alsoformedofmagneticmaterial,is
shownwithendfaces28and30whicharepositionedandsizedforbeingplacedadjacent
polepieceendfaces22and24,suchthatwhensopositionedasubstantiallycontinuouslow
reluctancepath32isprovidedformagneticfluxfromnorthpole14,throughpolepiece18,
througharmature26,throughpolepiece16,andtosouthpole16.Themagneticflux
travelingalongsuchpath32resultsinaforcewhichtendstoholdarmature26inposition
adjacentpolepieceendfaces22and24.TheresultingmagneticcouplingorholdingforceF
providedbetweenadjacentpolepieceendface22andarmatureendface28,andbetween
adjacentpolepieceendface24andarmatureendface30,canbeapproximatedbythe
followingequation:

whereBisthemagneticfluxdensitypassingthroughtheadjacentendfacesandwhereAis
thesurfaceareaoftheadjacentendfaces.AssumingBuniformthroughoutfluxpath32and
theareaAofallendfaces22,24,28,and30tobethesame,thetotalholdingforce
F.sub.T26ofarmature26againstpolepieces18and20willbe:
InFIG.2adevice40havingthesamemagneticfluxproducingmember12withmagnetic
poles14and16isshown.Polepieces42and44arepositionedadjacentrespectivepole
faces14and16toprovidetwopaths,asopposedtooneabove,forthemagneticfluxof
member12.Inparticular,polepiece42includesafirstpathportion46extendingbeyonda
perimeterofnorthpoleface14inonedirectionandasecondpathportion48extending
beyondtheperimeterofnorthpoleface14inanotherdirection.Similarly,polepiece44
includesafirstpathportion50extendingbeyondtheperimeterofsouthpoleface16inone
directionandasecondpathportion52extendingbeyondtheperimeterofsouthpoleface
16inanotherdirection.Eachpolepiecepathportion46,48,50,52includesarespective
endface.Afirstarmature54ispositionableadjacenttheendfacesofpolepiecepath
portions48and52toprovideafirstmagneticfluxpath56andasecondarmature58is
positionableadjacenttheendfacesofpolepiecepathportions46and50toprovidea
secondmagneticfluxpath60.Ifthefluxcarryingareaalongfluxpaths56and60isthe
sameasthefluxcarryingareaalongfluxpath32ofFIG.1,themagneticfluxdensityalong
eachfluxpath56and60willbeonehalfthemagneticfluxdensityalongfluxpath32of
FIG.1becausethesameamountoffluxissplitbetweentwolikepaths.Theeffectof
dividingagivenamountofmagneticfluxalongtwolikefluxpathsinsteadofalongone
fluxpathcanbeseenbyexaminingtheholdingforceonarmature54ascomparedtothe
holdingforceonarmature26ofFIG.1.Asalreadynotedthemagneticfluxdensityalong
path56willbeonehalfthatalongfluxpath32andthusthetotalholdingforceF.sub.T54
canbedeterminedas:

F.sub.T54=(B/2)2A/,.mu..sub.0=B.sup.2A/4.mu..sub.0=F.sub.T26/4.

Itisthereforeseenthatdividingthesameamountofmagneticfluxalongtwofluxpaths
ratherthanalongonefluxpathreducesthemagneticholdingorcouplingforceonan
armaturebyonefourthratherthanonehalfasmighthavebeenexpected.Thisunexpected
magneticholdingorcouplingforcedifferential,resultingfrommultiplefluxpaths,can
provideadvantageouspropertiesinlinear,reciprocating,androtarymotiondevices.

ReferringnowtoFIGS.34,thebehaviorofmultiplemagneticfluxsourcesarrangedin
parallelandseriesisdescribedascomparedtoasinglefluxsource.Whenidenticalflux
sourcesormagneticfluxproducingmembers70and72arepositionedinparallelasshown
inFIG.3withpolepieces74and76positionedadjacentthepolesthereoftoprovideaflux
paththrougharmature78,thefluxdensityBthrougharmature78isdoublewhattheflux
densitywouldbeifonlyonemagneticfluxproducingmemberwerepresent.However,the
fieldintensityHresultingfromthetwomembers70and72remainsunchanged.Thisresult
holdstrueregardlessofwhethermembers70and72arebothpermanentmagnets,areboth
electromagnets,orareacombinationofonepermanentmagnetandoneelectromagnet.On
theotherhand,thepropertiesresultingfrommagneticfluxproducingmembers80and82
arrangedpoletopoleinseriesbetweenpolepieces84and86,witharmature88,asshown
inFIG.4,willvarydependingonthenatureofthemembers80and82.

Inafirstcase,ifbothmembers80and82arepermanentmagnets,themagneticfield
intensityHresultingfromthetwopermanentmagnetswillbedoublethatofonepermanent
magnetandthefluxdensityBthrougharmature88willbethesameaswhattheflux
densitywouldbeifonlyonepermanentmagnettypememberwerepresent.

Inasecondcase,ifbothmembers80and82areelectromagnets,thefieldintensityHagain
doublesandthefluxdensityBincreasesaccordingtotheB/Hcurveorrelationshipofthe
polepiece84,86andarmature88materials.

Inathirdcase,ifmember80isapermanentmagnetandmember82isanelectromagnet,
thefieldintensityHagaindoubles,but,sincethepermanentmagnetisnearfluxdensity
saturationB.sub.rthefluxdensitycanonlybeincreasedfromB.sub.rtoB.sub.maxofthe
permanentmagnet.Atthepointwhereelectromagnettypemember82contactspermanent
magnettypemember80thefluxfromtheelectromagnettypemember82coupleswiththe
fluxofthepermanentmagnettypemember82untilthefluxdensitythroughpermanent
magnettypemember80reachesB.sub.max.Atthatpointadditionalfluxfrom
electromagnettypemember82doesnotcontributetothefluxdensityalongthefluxpath
unlessabypasspatharoundthepermanentmagnettypememberisprovided.Useofsuch
bypasspathswillbedescribedhereinbelow.

Controllingtheflowoffluxalongbothoneandmultiplefluxpathsisbestdescribedwith
referencetoFIGS.59.InFIGS.5and6apermanentmagnetdevice90includinga
permanentmagnet92havingpolepieces94and96positionedadjacentthepolefaces
thereofandanarmature98completingalowreluctancepath104frompoletopoleis
shown.Controlcoils100,102arepositionedalongpath104.Whencontrolcoils100,102
arenotenergized,themagneticfluxofpermanentmagnet92followspath104asshown
andarmature98isheldinplaceagainstpolepieces94,96duetotheresultingmagnetic
couplingforces.However,ifcoils100,102areenergizedtoprovideanequalbutopposing
magneticfluxtothatofpermanentmagnet92,theresultisthatthemagneticfluxof
permanentmagnet92isblockedandnomagneticfluxtraversesthepathwhichincludes
armature98andthereforenomagneticcouplingforcesactonarmature98allowingittofall
awayasshowninFIG.6.Thepermanentmagnetdevice90isuseful,althoughaswill
becomeapparentbelow,itismoreadvantageoustoprovidemultiplefluxpathsratherthan
one.

Inthisregard,inFIG.7apermanentmagnetdevice110includesapermanentmagnet112
havingpolepieces114,116positionedadjacentthepolefacesthereofwitharmatures118,
120completingtwolowreluctancepaths130,132frompoletopolethereof.Controlcoils
122,124arepositionedalongpath130andcontrolcoils126,128arepositionedalongpath
132.Thetwopathsprovidedareassumedtobeofequalreluctance.Withnocoils
energized,themagneticfluxofpermanentmagnet112dividesequallyalongfluxpath130
andalongfluxpath132suchthatbotharmatures118,120aresubjectedtoamagnetic
couplingforcewhichholdstheminplaceagainstpolepieces114,116.

Ifcoils122,124areenergizedtoprovideamagneticfluxequaltobutopposingthe
magneticfluxwhichtravelsalongfluxpath130frompermanentmagnet112whennocoils
areenergized,theresultisthatthemagneticfluxofpermanentmagnet112isblockedand
nomagneticfluxtraversesthepathwhichincludesarmature118andthereforenomagnetic
couplingforcesactonarmature118allowingittofallawayasshowninFIG.8.Further,the
magneticfluxtraversingpath132willbedoublethatofwhennocoilsareenergizedand
thereforethemagneticcouplingforceonarmature120willbeaboutfour(4)timesthatof
whennocoilsareenergized.Byenergizingcoils126,128inanopposingmannerasimilar
resultwouldbeachievedsuchthatarmature120wouldfallawayandsuchthatthe
magneticcouplingforceonarmature118wouldbeincreased.

Ifcoils122,124areenergizedtoprovideamagneticfluxequaltoandaidingthemagnetic
fluxwhichtravelsalongfluxpath130whennocoilsareenergized,theresultisthatthe
controlcoilscouplecompletelywiththemagneticfluxofpermanentmagnet112andno
magneticfluxtraversesthepathwhichincludesarmature120andthereforenomagnetic
couplingforcesactonarmature120allowingittofallawayasshowninFIG.9.Further,
themagneticfluxtraversingpath130willbedoublethatofwhennocoilsareenergizedand
thereforethemagneticcouplingforceonarmature118willbeaboutfour(4)timesthat
whennocoilsareenergized.Byenergizingcoils126,128inanaidingmannerasimilar
resultwouldbeachievedsuchthatarmature118wouldfallawayandthemagneticcoupling
forceonarmature120wouldbeincreased.

Basedontheforegoingitisseenthatthefullmagneticcouplingforceavailablefromthe
permanentmagnet112canbeswitchedfromonepathtoanotherpathbytheapplicationof
onehalfthepoweritwouldrequireforacoilalonetoproducethesamemagneticflux
alongonepath.Theabilitytoeasilyswitchthefullmagneticcouplingforcefromonepath
toanotherallowsforefficientreciprocating,linear,androtarymotionandpowerconversion
tobeachieved.

Thebasicdeviceutilizedtoachievepermanentmagnetfluxdivisionandtocontrolsuch
permanentmagnetfluxdivisionisdefinedhereinasa"permanentmagnetcontrol
component,"variousconfigurationsofwhichareshownbywayofexampleonly,andnot
bywayoflimitation,inFIGS.10A10F.FIG.10Adepictsapermanentmagnetcontrol
component150inwhichpolepieces152and154arepositionedadjacentthepolefacesof
permanentmagnet156toprovidetwomagneticfluxpathsextendingfromoppositesidesof
permanentmagnet.Controlcoils158arepositionedalongeachpath.FIG.10Bdepictsa
permanentmagnetcontrolcomponent160inwhichpolepieces162and164arepositioned
againstthepolefacesofpermanentmagnet166toprovidetwospaced,adjacentmagnetic
fluxpathsextendingfromthesamesideofpermanentmagnet166.Controlcoils168are
positionedalongeachpath.FIG.10Cdepictsapermanentmagnetcontrolcomponent170
inwhichpolepieces172and174areconfiguredsoastobepositionedadjacentthepole
facesofpermanentmagnet176soastoprovidefourfluxpaths,eachfluxpathextendingin
arespectivedirectionfrompermanentmagnet176.Controlcoils178arealsopositioned
alongeachpath.FIG.10Ddepictsanotherfourpathconfigurationofapermanentmagnet
controlcomponent180inwhichpolepieces182,184areconfiguredandpositionedto
providefourfluxpathsforpermanentmagnet186,withapairofspaced,adjacentflux
pathsextendingfromeachsideofpermanentmagnet186.Controlcoils188arepositioned
alongeachpath.FIG.10Edepictsanotherfourpathconfigurationofapermanentmagnet
controlcomponent190inwhichallfourfluxpathsformedbypolepieces192,194extend
fromonesideofpermanentmagnet196.Again,controlcoils198arepositionedalongeach
fluxpath.FIG.10Fstillfurtherdepictsafourpathconfigurationofapermanentmagnet
controlcomponent200inwhichpolepieces202,204extendtoonesideofpermanent
magnet206,withpolepiece202definingfourfluxpathsandwithpolepiece204including
acontinuousreturnpath.Controlcoils208arepositionedalongeachpathofpolepiece
202.Manyothervariationsarepossible.

Accordingly,itisseenthatavarietyofdifferentconfigurationsofpermanentmagnet
controlcomponentsinaccordancewiththepresentinventionarepossible.Theimportant
considerationsfordivisionofpermanentmagnetfluxinsuchpermanentmagnetcontrol
componentsincludeextendingeachpolepiecetoorbeyondtheouterperimeterofthepole
faceofthepermanentmagnetineachregionwhereafluxpathisintendedandassuringthat
thepolefaceofthepermanentmagnetintersectseachofthefluxpaths.Itisnotnecessary
foreachpolepiecetoincludethesamenumberofpathportionsextendingbeyondthe
perimeteroftherespectivepermanentmagnetpolefaceasnotedwithreferenceto
permanentmagnetcontrolcomponent200.Althoughtwocontrolcoilsareshownalong
eachofthefluxpathsinFIGS.10A10Eitisapparentfromcomponent200inFIG.10F
thatonecontrolcoilpositionedalongafluxpathisgenerallysufficientforpurposesofthe
presentinvention.Further,althoughintheillustratedconfigurationseachpolepieceis
positionedtocontactarespectivepolefaceofthepermanentmagnet,asmallspacing
betweenapolepieceanditsadjacentpermanentmagnetpolefacecouldbeprovided,
particularlyinapplicationswhererelativemovementbetweenthesubjectpolepieceandthe
permanentmagnetwilloccur.

Initssimplestformatwopathpermanentmagnetcontrolcomponentonlyrequiresone
controlcoilpositionedalongoneofthecontrolpathstopermitthemagneticfluxofa
permanentmagnettobeswitchedbetweenthetwopaths.Inparticular,asideviewofsucha
twopathcomponent210isshowninFIG.10Gandincludesapermanentmagnet211pole
pieces212and213,andcontrolcoil214whichmaybeconnectedtoasuitablecontrol
circuit.Byalternatingenergizingcontrolcoil214inanopposingmannerandanaiding
mannerthemagneticfluxofpermanentmagnetcanbeswitchedbetweenthepathincluding
armature215andthepathincludingarmature216.Whencontrolcoil214isenergizedinan
opposingmannerthemagneticfluxwilltraversethepathincludingarmature215andwhen
controlcoil214isenergizedinanaidingmannerthemagneticfluxwilltraversethepath
includingarmature216.Controlcoil214couldalsobeplacedatanyoneofpositions217,
218,or219toachievethefluxpathswitching.Further,inthetwocoilsembodimentshown
inFIG.10Hcontrolcoil217isadded.Insuchadevicefluxswitchingcanbeachievedby
simultaneouslyenergizingcontrolcoil214inafluxaidingmannerandcontrolcoil217ina
fluxopposingmanner,andbythensimultaneouslyreversingtheenergizationofthe
respectivecontrolcoils214and217.

ReferenceismadetoFIGS.11A11FwhichdepictdevicessimilartothatofFIGS.56
exceptthatabypass,formedofmagneticmaterial,isprovidedineachcase.Indevice220
ofFIGS.11A11Cabypass222isprovidedfrompolepiece224topolepiece226andis
locatedbetweenpermanentmagnet228andcontrolcoils230,232,witharmature234
locatedadjacenttheendsofpolepieces224,226.InFIG.11Awithnocoilenergization,
magnetfluxcomponents236and237travelasshown.Whencoils230and232are
energizedinanaidingoraddingmannerasinFIG.11B,theresultispermanentmagnet
magneticfluxcomponents236and237travelingasshown,andwiththeaddedmagnetic
fluxcomponent238fromcoils230and232alsotravelingasshown.Thus,indevice220
energizingthecoilsinanaidingmannerresultsinanincreasedmagneticcouplingforceon
armature234.InFIG.11Ccoils230,232areenergizedinanopposingexceedingmanner
whichresultsinpermanentmagneticfluxcomponents236and237travelingasshownand
excessmagneticfluxcomponent238travelingasshown.Thus,indevice220energizing
thecoilsinanopposingexceedingmannerresultsinmagneticcouplingforceonarmature
234,albeitsmallerthanthatintheaidingexceedingcase.

Indevice240ofFIGS.11D11Fabypass242isprovidedbetweenpolepiece244andpole
piece246butislocatedonanoppositesideofpermanentmagnet248ascomparedto
controlcoils250,252andarmature254.Permanentmagnetfluxcomponents256and257
areshownfornocoilenergizationinFIG.11D.InFIG.11Ethepathsofpermanentmagnet
fluxcomponents256and257,aswellasexcesscoilmagneticflux258,areshownwhen
coils250,252areenergizedinanaidingexceedingmanner.InFIG.11Fthepathofeach
magneticfluxcomponent256,257,and258isshownwhencoils230,232areenergizedin
anopposedexceedingmanner.

FIGS.12A12Edepictadevice270similartothatshowninFIGS.79exceptthatbypasses
272and274areprovidedfrompolepiece276topolepiece278.Bypass272islocated
betweenpermanentmagnet280andcontrolcoils282,284andbypass274islocated
betweenpermanentmagnet280andcontrolcoils286,288.Armatures290and292arealso
provided.Whennocoilsareenergizedpermanentmagnetmagneticfluxcomponents294,
296,298,and300travelasshowninFIG.12A.

Ifcoils282,284areenergizedinanopposingmannerpermanentmagnetfluxcomponents
295,297,and299travelasshown,withnofluxcomponenttraversingthepathwhich
includesarmature290andthereforenomagneticcouplingforceactingthereon.Thiswould
bethecaseforwhencoils282,284areenergizedtothelevelwherethecoilsmagneticflux
justblocks,butdoesnotexceed,themagneticfluxcomponent294(FIG.12A)from
permanentmagnet280.If,however,coils282,284areenergizedinanopposedexceeding
manneranexcesscoilmagneticfluxcomponent301isproducedwhichtravelsapath
includingarmature290andbypass272resultsasshowninFIG.12C.

Coils286,288maybeenergizedinanaidingmannersuchthatallpermanentmagnet
magneticfluxtravelsalongthepathwhichincludesarmature292asshowninFIG.12D.If
coils286,288areenergizedinexcessofthelevelofFIG.12Dthentheexcessmagnetic
fluxcomponent304traversesthepathwhichincludesarmature292andbypass274as
showninFIG.12E,therebyincreasingthemagneticcouplingforceonarmature292as
comparedtoFIG.12D.Theadvantageofincorporatingsuchbypassesintopermanent
magnetcontrolcomponentsincertainapplicationswillbecomeapparentbelow.

ReciprocatingMotion

Asmentionedabove,controllingthepathofmagneticfluxfromapermanentmagnetcanbe
usefulinavarietyofapplicationssuchasachievingreciprocatingmotion.Inthisregard,if
thedevice110ofFIGS.79ismodifiedsuchthatarmatures118and120arefixedtoa
slidingshaft320asshowninFIGS.13A13C,andifthedistancebetweenthearmaturesis
greaterthantheendtoendlengthofpolepieces114,116,limitedlinearmotionintwo
directions(leftandrightinFIGS.13A13C),andthereforelinearreciprocatingmotion,can
beachievedbythetimed,alternatedeliveryofelectricalsignalstocontrolcoils122,124
andcontrolcoils126,128.Bywayofexample,FIG.13Arepresentsthepositionofshaft
connectedarmatures118,120whencoils122,124areenergizedinanopposingmannerto
blockthefluxofpermanentmagnet112suchthatallmagneticfluxtraversespath132as
shownandsuchthattheresultingmagneticcouplingforceactstotheleftasindicatedby
arrow322.AsshowninFIG.13Bwhencoils122,124aredeenergizedthemagneticflux
frompermanentmagnet112canagaintravelalongpath130througharmature118.
However,duetotheairgap324betweenarmature118andpolepieces114,116the
reluctancealongpath130willbesignificantlygreaterthanthereluctancealongpath132.
Accordingly,theamountofmagneticfluxwhichflowsalongpath130willbelessthanthe
amountofmagneticfluxwhichflowsalongpath132suchthatthemagneticcouplingforce
onarmature118actingtotherightwillbesignificantlylessthanthemagneticcoupling
forceonarmature120actingtotheleftasshownbyarrows326and328,whicharrowsare
sizedtorepresentthestrengthoftherespectivedirectionalforce.FIG.13Crepresentsthe
positionofshaftconnectedarmatures118,120aftercoils126,128areenergizedina
mannertoopposethefluxofpermanentmagnet112suchthatallfluxtraversespath130
andtheresultingmagneticcouplingforceonarmature118,depictedbyarrow330,moves
theshaft10connectedarmatures118,120totheright.

Controlcoils122,124and126,128couldalsobeenergizedinafluxaidingmannerto
achievethesameresult.Insuchadevice,FIG.13Awouldrepresentcoils126,128
energizedtoaidmagneticfluxalongpath132,FIG.13Bwouldagainrepresentnocoils
energized,andFIG.13Cwouldrepresentcoils122,124energizedtoaidmagneticflux
alongpath130.

Thus,byalternatinglyenergizinganddeenergizingcontrolcoils122,124and126,128a
linearreciprocatingmotionofshaftconnectedarmatures118,120maybeachieved.
Further,suchreciprocatingmotionmaybeachievedbyenergizingthecoilsineitheran
opposingoraidingmanner.Themagneticcouplingforceexertedonagivenarmaturewhen
20thecontrolcoilsareenergizedtoestablishallmagneticfluxalongasinglepathwhich
includesthatarmatureissignificantlygreaterthanthemagneticcouplingforcewhich
wouldbeexertedonsucharmaturebyanidenticalenergizationofthecontrolcoilsinthe
absenceofthepermanentmagnet.ThisisdemonstratedwithreferencetoFIG.14which
depictsareciprocatingdevice340inwhichonlycoilsorelectromagnetsareutilized.As
shownarmatures342and344areconnectedbyshaft346,andeacharmature342,344
includesarespectiveUshapedpolepathpiece348,350whichpolepathpiecesare
mechanicallyconnectedbyanonmagneticmaterial352.Eachpolepathpiece348and350
hasrespectivecontrolcoils354,356and358,360positionedtherealong.Bycomparison
withthedeviceofFIGS.13A13C,ifcoils358,360ofdevice340areenergizedtocause
magneticfluxflowineitherdirection,clockwiseorcounterclockwise,alongpath362,the
amountofelectricalenergywhichwouldberequiredinordertoachievethesamemagnetic
couplingforceonarmature344asachievedonarmature120aboveinFIG.13Awouldbe
twicethatdeliveredtocoils122,124or126,128inFIG.13A.Itisthereforedemonstrated
thatbycontrollingorswitchingtheflowofmagneticfluxfromapermanentmagnet
betweenatleasttwodifferentpathsresultsingreatercouplingforcesperunitofinput
electricalenergy,andthereforethatsuchcontrolorswitchingwillenablemoreworktobe
achievedperunitofinputelectricalenergy.

Asdescribedabove,ifacoilisenergizedbeyondthepointwherethemagneticflux
producedbythecoilaidingtheamountofthepermanentmagnet'sfluxthatiseither
opposedoraided,theextramagneticfluxneedsalowreluctancepathbetweenthepolesof
thecoilthatproducestheexcessmagneticflux.Ifacompletelowreluctancepathisnot
providedfortheexcessmagneticfluxthereislittlepotentialfortakingadvantageofthe
excessmagneticfluxintermsofproducingadditionalmagneticcouplingforces.Thepath
forsuchexcessfluxcannotbethroughapermanentmagnetmember.Inassemblieswhich
includeanarmatureoneachpath,thearmaturewillprovidethenecessarylowreluctance
path.ReferringtoFIG.15,variouscomponentsofthemagneticfluxindevice110(FIGS.
79)aredepictedbynumerals380,382,and384forthecasewhencoils122,124are
energizedtoopposethemagneticfluxofpermanentmagnet112inanamountwhich
exceedsthelevelofmagneticfluxwhichpermanentmagnet112wouldcausetoflow
througharmature118whennocoilsareenergized.FIG.15islikewiserepresentativeofthe
casewhencoils126,128areenergizedtoaidthemagneticfluxofpermanentmagnet112in
anamountwhichexceedsthelevelofmagneticfluxwhichpermanentmagnet112would
causetoflowthrougharmature118whennocoilsareenergized.Inparticular,magnetic
fluxcomponent380representsthemagneticfluxofpermanentmagnet112whichnormally
flowsthroughthepathincludingarmature120magneticfluxcomponent382represents
themagneticfluxofpermanentmagnet112whichisdivertedbytheopposingfieldofcoils
122,124soastotraversethepathwhichincludesarmature120andmagneticflux
component384representsthemagneticfluxproducedbycoils122,124whichisinexcess
ofthedivertedmagneticflux382.Asshown,theexcessmagneticflux384producedby
coils122,124traversesthepathwhichincludesarmature120andbypassespermanent
magnet112soastoalsotraversethepathwhichincludesarmature118.Thus,theexcess
magneticfluxproducedbycoils122,124addstothepermanentmagnetfluxtraversingthe
pathwhichincludesarmature120,thusincreasingthemagneticcouplingforceonarmature
120,whileatthesametimeprovidingamagneticcouplingforceonarmature118.

Inareciprocatingdevicewherearmatures118and120areconnectedbyshaft320asshown
inFIGS.13A13CandagaininFIG.16,excessmagneticflux384willincreasemagnetic
couplingforce390onarmature120actingtotheleft.However,becausesuchexcessflux
384alsotraversesthepathwhichincludesarmature118,suchexcessmagneticflux384
alsoresultsinamagneticcouplingforce392onarmature118whichactstotheright.Even
thoughexcessmagneticflux384traversingthepathwhichincludesanarmature118hasan
oppositepolaritytothatwhichwouldtraversethepathduetopermanentmagnet112,the
magneticcouplingforceonarmature118stillactstotherightbecausearmature118isnot
polaritysensitive,thatis,armature118willbeattractedregardlessofthedirectionofthe
magneticfluxtraversingthepath.Theoveralleffectisthataresultantforcewhichisthe
differencebetweenforce390andforce392willactontheshaftconnectedarmatures118,
120.However,ifarmatures118and120wereformedbypermanentmagnetshaving
polaritiesasshownatthetopandbottomofsucharmatures,theforceactingoneach
armaturewouldbeinthesamedirectionandthereforeadditive.

InthisregardreferenceismadetoFIG.16Binwhichatwopathdevice371havingfour
controlcoils373,375,377and379isshownwiththeillustratedarmaturesbeingformedby
permanentmagnets381and383havingpolaritiesasshown.Withnocoilsenergizedboth
permanentmagnetarmatures381and383areattractedtotheendsofpolepieces385and
387.Withcoils373375energizedinanopposingmannerandcoils377,379energizedinan
aidingmanner,theattractiveforceonpermanentmagnetarmature383willgenerally
increaseandtheattractiveforceonpermanentmagnetarmature381willgenerally
decrease.ThisisdemonstratedwithreferencetothegraphofFIG.16Cwhichdepictsa
graphofthecurrentflowinginthecontrolcoilsonthexaxisversesthemagneticfluxin
gaussontheyaxiswithline389representingthefluxalongtheaidingsideofdevice371
andline391representingthefluxalongtheopposingsideofdevice371.Asshownthe
magneticfluxonthecoilopposingsidedecreasesasthecoilcurrentincreasesandpassed
throughzeroatpoint393.Afterpoint393reversemagneticfluxbeginstobeproducedand
wouldresultinarepellingforceonpermanentmagnetarmature381.Insomeapplications
particularlythosewherepermanentmagnetarmaturesandrotorsarenotutilized,itwillbe
criticaltorecognizepoint393sothatreversemagneticfluxisnotproduced.Inthisregard
referenceismadetoFIGS.16Dand16EinwhichuseofHallEffectswitches401and403
isincorporatedtoenablecontrollingthecoilenergizingcurrentinsituationswhereitis
desirabletopreventreversemagneticflux.Asshownsmallbypasses405and407are
providedwithHallEffectswitches401and403disposedingapstherealong,theswitches
beingconnectedtocontrolcircuit409.Asthefluxtravelingalongthebypasspathfallsto
zerotheHallEffectswitchcanbeutilizedtopreventfurtherenergizationofthecontrol
coilssothatnoreversefluxiscreated.

Anotherembodimentofadevice400whichwouldprovidereciprocatingmotionisshown
inFIGS.17A17Dinwhichapermanentmagnetcontrolcomponent402havingtwoflux
pathsmayisprovided.Afirstpolepiece404hastwospaced,adjacentpathportions406
and408extendingbeyondtheperimeterofthepolefaceofpermanentmagnet410,anda
secondpolepiece412includesonlyonecontinuousportion414extendingbeyondthe
perimeterofthepolefaceofpermanentmagnet410,eachpathportion406and408ofpole
piece404beingsubstantiallyalignedwithatleastapartofportion414ofpolepiece412.
Controlcoil416ispositionedalongpolepiecepathportion406andcontrolcoil418is
positionedalongpolepieceportion408.Anarmature420ispositionedintheregion
betweenpolepiecepathportions404,406andpolepieceportion414andisfreetoslide
fromsidetosideasshownbyarrows422and424.Afrontviewofcomponentdevice400
withnocoilsenergizedandarmature420atamidpointdepictsfluxflowingfromthenorth
polefaceofpermanentmagnet410,througheachofpolepiecepathportions406and408,
througharmature420,andreturningtothesouthpolefacethroughpolepieceportion414.
Thus,themagneticfluxdividesequallyalongtwopaths.Ifcoil416isenergizedinan
aidingmanner,orifcoil418isenergizedinanopposingmanner,alloramajorityofthe
permanentmagnets'magneticfluxcanbemadetoflowthroughpolepieceportion406such
thataresultingmagneticcouplingforceonarmature420causesittomovetotheleftas
showninFIG.17C.

Likewise,ifcontrolcoil416isenergizedinanopposingmanner,orifcontrolcoil418is
energizedinanaidingmanner,alloramajorityofthepermanentmagnetfluxcanbemade
toflowthroughpolepiecepathportion408suchthataresultingmagneticcouplingforce
onarmature420causesittomovetotherightasshowninFIG.17D.Accordingly,by
alternatelyenergizinganddeenergizingcoils416and418areciprocatingmotionof
armature420maybeachieved.

LinearMotion

ReferringnowtoFIGS.18A18E,linearmotioninaccordancewiththepresentinventionis
described.Inparticular,apermanentmagnetcontrolcomponent440includingapermanent
magnet442withapolepiece444positionedagainstthenorthpolefacethereofandapole
piece446positionedagainstthesouthpolefacethereofisshowninanexplodedviewin
FIG.18AandassembledinFIG.18B.Polepiece444includesfivepathportions448A
448Ewhichextendbeyondtheperimeterofthenorthpolefaceofpermanentmagnet442to
onesidethereofandatrespectivepositionsalongthelengththereof,eachpathportion
448A448Eincludingarespectivecontrolcoil450A450Epositionedtherearound.Pole
piece446includesoneportion452extendingbeyondtheperimeterofthesouthpoleface
ofpermanentmagnet442totheonesidethereof,whichportion452extendsalongthe
entirelengthofpermanentmagnet442.Apluralityofarmatures454defineapathof
relativemovementbetweenpermanentmagnetcontrolcomponent440andsucharmatures
454,andbyprovidingtimedenergizationofgivencontrolcoils450A450Esuchrelative
movementcanbeachieved.ThesequenceofsideviewsdepictedinFIGS.18C18E
illustratesuchrelativemovement,withcoils450A,450Cand450Ebeingenergizedinan
opposingmannersimultaneouslyinFIG.18C,withcoils450Aand450Dbeingenergized
simultaneouslyinanopposingmannerinFIG.18D,andwithcoils450Band450Dbeing
energizedsimultaneouslyinanopposingmannerinFIG.18E.InFIG.18C,magneticflux
willonlyflowalongpathportions448Band448Cofpolepiece444causingresultant
magneticcouplingforcesdepictedbyarrows456,458whichacttomovepermanent
magnetcontrolcomponent440totheleft,assumingarmatures454arefixed.Similarly,due
tothetimingofsubsequentcoilenergizationresultantmagneticforcesdepictedbyarrows
460,462inFIG.18Dandarrows464,466inFIG.18Eacttocontinuemovementof
permanentmagnetcontrolcomponent440totheleft.Thus,ifpermanentmagnetcontrol
component440werefixedtoadeviceorstructure,controlledmovementofthedeviceor
structurealongthepathdefinedbyarmatures454couldbeachieved.Conversely,if
permanentmagnetcontrolcomponent440werefixedandarmatures454werelocatedona
deviceorstructure,controlledmovementofthedeviceorstructurecouldalsobeachieved.
Itisalsoeasilyrecognizedthatbyvaryingthecoilenergizationsequenceandtiming
relativemovementintheoppositedirectioncanbeachieved.Further,ifthepermanent
magnetwasdoughnutshapedandthearmatureswerearrangedinacircumferentialpattern,
rotarymotionwouldlikewisebeachievable.

RotaryMotion

Oneembodimentofarotarymotiondeviceormotor500whichincorporatesvarious
permanentmagnetfluxcontrolaspectsofthepresentinventionisshownintheexploded
viewofFIG.19andinthepartialassembledviewofFIG.20.Motor500includesarotor
assemblywhichincludesashaft502andassociatedupperbearing504,anonmagneticdisk
member506mountedforrotationwithshaft502,andarotorpolepiece508whichis
mountedforrotationwithdiskmember506suchasbytheuseofscrews510.Rotorpole
piece508includesaringshapedportionhavingtwoinwardlyextendingmagneticfluxpath
portions512Aand512B.Astatorassemblyofmotor500includesadoughnutorring
shapedpermanentmagnet514havinganupwardlydirectednorthpolefacepositioned
adjacentandincloseproximitytorotorpolepiece508,andadownwardlydirectedsouth
polefacepositionedadjacentandincontactwithastatorpolepiece516.Statorpolepiece
includesaringshapedportionhavingfiveinwardlyprojectingpathportions518A518E.
Eachpathportionincludesarespectivewindingpost520A520Eextendingtherefromand
havingarespectivecontrolcoil522A522Ewoundthereon.Statorpolepiecefaces524A
524Earepositionableonrespectivewindingposts518A518Band,asshowninthepartial
assemblyofFIG.20,aresubstantiallyalignedwiththetopsurfaceofpermanentmagnet
514soastobepositionableadjacentrotorpathportions512Aand512Bwhenaligned
therewith.Eachofwindingposts518A518Eandstatorpolepiecefacesareformedof
magneticmaterial,andalthoughshownasseparatepieces,anintegral,onepiecestator
couldbeformedwithsimilarwindingpostsandpolepiecefacesmachinedthereon.Lower
bearing526isalsoshown.

FIGS.21A21EillustratetopviewsofthepartialassemblyofFIG.20withmagneticflux
shown.InFIG.21Amagneticfluxtravelwhennoneofcoils522A522Eareenergizedis
depicted.Disregardingleakageflux,duetothelowreluctancepathprovidedbyrotorpole
piecepathportions512Aand512B,themajorityofmagneticfluxfromthenorthpoleface
ofpermanentmagnet514willtravelradiallyinwardalongoneofsuchpathportionsbefore
passingdownwardthroughthestatorassemblyandreturningtothesouthpolefaceof
permanentmagnet514.Itisnotedthatrotorpolepiece508includestwopathportionsand
statorpolepiece516includesfivepathportionssuchthatrotorpolepiecepathportions
512Aand512Bwillalwaysbeskewedrelativetothestatorpolepiecefaces524A524E.
Onlyonerotorpolepiecepathportioncandirectlyalignwithastatorpolepiecefaceata
giventime.Byalternatinglyenergizingthecontrolcoilsofeachofthestatorpolepiece
paths,rotarymotionoftherotormaybeachieved.

Inparticular,referringtoFIGS.21B21D,anenergizingsequencewhichresultsinsuch
rotarymotionisdescribed.InFIG.21B,controlcoils522Aand522Careenergizedina
permanentmagnetfluxopposingmanner.Permanentmagnetmagneticfluxtravelingalong
rotorpolepiecepathportion512Atendstotraversetostatorpolepieceface524Bcausinga
magneticcouplingforceindicatedbyarrow526.Likewise,permanentmagnetflux
travelingalongrotorpolepiecepathportion512Btendstotraversetostatorpolepieceface
524Dcausingamagneticcouplingforceindicatedbyarrow528.Theresultisrotationof
rotorpolepiece508inaclockwisedirectionasindicatedbyarrow530.

ReferringtoFIG.21C,justafterrotorpolepiecepathportion512Bisnolongeraligned
withstatorpolepieceface524D,controlcoil522Cisdeenergizedandcontrolcoil522Dis
energizedinanopposingmannersuchthatthepermanentmagnetfluxtravelingalongrotor
polepiecepath512Btendstotraversetostatorpolepieceface524Eresultinginmagnetic
couplingforceindicatedbyarrow532.Controlcoil522Aremainsenergizedsuchthata
magneticcouplingforceindicatedbyarrow534results.Accordingly,clockwiserotationof
rotorpolepiece508iscontinued.

InFIG.21D,justafterrotorpolepiecepathportion512Aisnolongeralignedwithstator
polepieceface524B,controlcoil522Aisdeenergizedandcontrolcoil522Bisenergized
inapermanentmagnetmagneticfluxopposingmannersuchthatthepermanentmagnet
magneticfluxtravelingalongrotorpolepiecepath512Atendstotraversetostatorpole
pieceface524Csuchthatamagneticcouplingforceindicatedbyarrow536results.Control
coil522Dremainsenergizedsuchthatamagneticcouplingforceindicatedbyarrow538
results,andclockwiserotationofrotorpolepiece508iscontinued.

AsshowninFIG.21E,justafterrotorpolepiecepathportion512Bisnolongeraligned
withstatorpolepieceface524E,controlcoil522Disdeenergizedandcontrolcoil522Eis
energizedinapermanentmagnetmagneticfluxopposingmannersuchthatthepermanent
magnetmagneticfluxtravelingalongrotorpolepiecepath512Btendstotraversetostator
polepieceface524Asuchthatamagneticcouplingforceindicatedbyarrow540results.
Controlcoil522Bremainsenergizedsuchthatamagneticcouplingforceindicatedby
arrow542results,andclockwiserotationofrotorpolepiece508iscontinued.
Thus,byalternatingenergizinganddeenergizingcontrolcoils522A522E,ina
predeterminedtimedsequencebaseduponrotationoftherotorassembly,continuedrotation
movementofrotorpolepiece508maybeachieved.Suchanenergization/deenergization
schemecanbeachievedutilizingcircuitrycommonintheart,suchasthecontrolcircuitry
describedinApplicant'sU.S.Pat.Nos.5,463,263and5,455,474,aswellasvariousofthe
circuitconfigurationsdescribedhereinbelow.ReferringnowtoFIG.22,anassembledview
ofrotarymotor500isshownincludingahousingorcoverformedbyanupperhousing
member544andalowerhousingmember546,withportionsofeachhousingmembercut
awaytoexposemotorstructuredescribedabove.Itisrecognizedthatsuchhousing
members544and546shouldbeformedofanonmagneticmaterial,andlikewisethat
motorshaft502andbearings504,526shouldbeformedofanonmagneticmaterial.

Inanotherembodiment,arotarymotiondeviceormotor580inaccordancewiththepresent
inventionisshowninanexplodedperspectiveviewinFIG.23andinanassembled
perspectiveviewinFIG.24.Twospacedpermanentmagnets582and584arepositionable
betweenstatorpolepieces586and588.Statorpolepiece586includestwopathportions
590Aand590Bextendingawayfrompermanentmagnets582,584inoppositedirections.
Likewise,statorpolepiece588includestwopathportions592Aand592Bextendingaway
frompermanentmagnets582,584inoppositedirectionsandalignablerespectivelywith
statorpolepiecepathportions590Aand590B.Controlcoils594,596,598,and600are
eachpositionedalongarespectivestatorpolepiecepathportionasshown.Anonmagnetic
shaft602includesapairoflikeelongatedrotormembers604and606,formedofmagnetic
material,mountedatspacedlocationsthereonandbeingangularlyorientedwithrespectto
eachother,shaft602passingbetweenspacedpermanentmagnets582and584.Non
magneticendcapmembers608and610areattachabletotheendsofstatorpolepieces586
and588andareconfiguredforreceivingshaft602andrespectivebearings612and614.

Theendsofrespectivestatorpolepieces506and508areconfiguredforagivendesired
couplingrelationshipwithrotormembers604and606.Forexample,asshowninthe
exemplaryendviewsofFIGS.25Aand25B,withendcap608removed,theendofstator
polepiece586mayincludeanarcuateportion616whichisconfiguredtocreateavariable
reluctanceairgap618withelongaterotormember604.Theendofstatorpolepiece588
includesanarcuateportion620whichislikewiseconfiguredtocreateavariablereluctance
airgap622withrotormember604.Inparticular,portion618includesacircumferential
curvaturewhichhasacenterpointoffsetbelowtheaxisofrotationofshaft602androtor
member604asindicatedbycircle624showninshadow.Similarly,portion620includesa
circumferentialradiusofcurvaturewhichhasacenterpointoffsetabovetheaxisofrotation
ofshaft602androtormember604.Whenmagneticfluxispassingalongthepathwhich
includesagivenendoftheassembly,maximumcouplingbetweentherotormemberand
statorpolepiecesoccurswhentherotorispositionedasshowninFIG.25B.Accordingly,
theillustratedrotormemberandstatorpolepiececonfigurationsinandofthemselvesdo
notprovideanyskewingtothedirectionofrotationoftherotorassembly.

Inthisregard,variousconfigurationsfortherotorandendsofthestatorpolepiecesare
shownintheendviewsofFIGS.2628,whichconfigurationsprovideskewingthedirection
ofrotation.Inparticular,indevice620ofFIG.26arotormember622havingnotches624
and626,whichnotchesprovideforgreatermagneticcouplingwiththestatorpolepieces
628and630atcorners632and634suchthatrotationisskewedintheclockwisedirection.
Ifnotcheswereinsteadlocatedatcorners632and634,skewedrotationinthe
counterclockwisedirectionwouldbetheresult.Indevice620suchcounterclockwise
rotationcouldalsobeachievedbyremovingrotor622fromshaft636,flippingitendto
end,andreplacingitonshaft636.

Inthedevice640ofFIG.27,aportion642ofthearcuateendportionofstatorpolepiece
644isremovedandaportion646ofthearcuateendportionofstatorpolepiece648is
removed.Thisconfigurationresultsingreatermagneticcouplingbetweenrotormember
650andstatorpolepiece644atcorner652,andgreatermagneticcouplingbetweenrotor
member650andstatorpolepiece648atcorner654,suchthatrotationisskewedinthe
counterclockwisedirection.Clockwiserotationcouldbeachievedbyinsteadmodifyingthe
oppositesideofstatorpolepieces644and648.
FIG.28depictsanendviewofadevice660inwhichtheaxis662ofthearcuateend
portionofupperstatorpolepiece664andlowerstatorpolepiece666isplacedatanangle
Aasshown.Thisconfigurationcreatesanunequalvariablereluctanceairgapwhere
oppositecornersofrotormember668areclosertostatorpolepieces664and666.Further,
theangleatwhichmaximummagneticcouplingbetweenrotormember668andstatorpole
pieces664and666occursisretardedbyangleA.Rotationwouldbeinthe
counterclockwisedirectionfortheillustratedconfiguration.

Referringagaintomotor580ofFIGS.2325,rotarymotionofsuchdeviceisdepictedin
theendviewsofFIG.29A29D.Ineachendviewtheendcaphasbeenremovedtoshow
rotationoftherotormembersandineachofFIGS.29A29Danendviewdepictingrotor
member604andanendviewdepictingrotormember606areshownsidebyside.InFIG.
29A,rotormember604isdefinedasbeingatzerodegreesandrotormember606isdefined
asbeingatninetydegrees.Controlcoils594,598areenergizedinapermanentmagnet
magneticfluxaidingmannersuchthatnomagneticfluxpassesthroughstatorpolepiece
pathportions590Band592B.Thisallowsrotormember606tomoveoutofitsninety
degreepositionandthemagneticcouplingbetweenrotormember604andstatorpolepiece
pathportions590Aand592AwillcauserotationtothepositionshowninFIG.29Band
thenFIG.29C.Whenrotormember604reachestheninetydegreepositionshowninFIG.
29Dcontrolcoils594,598aredeenergizedandcontrolcoils596,600areenergizedina
permanentmagnetmagneticfluxaidingmannercausingrotationtocontinueduetothe
magneticcouplingbetweenrotormember606andstatorpolepiecepathportions590Band
592B.Thus,byalternatinglyenergizingthecontrolcoilsofeachpathwitheveryninety
degreerotationofrotormembers604and606,continuousrotarymotionisachieved.

Theinitialdirectionofrotationcanbecontrolledbythecircuitmeansusedtoenergize
controlcoils594,598and596,600,whichcircuitmeansincludescircuitryfordetectingthe
angularpositionoftherotormembers.Inparticular,ifrotormembers604and606areat
restinthepositionshowninFIG.29A,andcoils594,598areenergizedinanaiding
manner,rotationmaybeclockwiseorcounterclockwise.Ifthedesireddirectionis
clockwisebutuponenergizationofcoils594,598therotormembersbegintomove
counterclockwise,thedetectioncircuitrywillimmediatelydeenergizecoils594,598and
energizecoils596,600sothatthecounterclockwisedirectionisachieved.

Further,bypassesaroundpermanentmagnets582and584couldbeprovidedinrotary
motiondevice580,suchasthoseshowninFIG.12,androtormembers604and606could
beformedbypermanentmagnetssoastotakeadvantageofenergizingthecontrolcoilsin
anexceedingmanner.

Athirdembodimentofarotarymotiondeviceormotor650isshownintheexploded
partialperspectiveviewofFIG.30andintheassembledpartialperspectiveviewofFIG.
31.Inmotor650thestatorassemblyincludesacontrolcomponent651includinga
permanentmagnet652havingastatorpolepiece654positionedadjacentonepoleface
thereofandastatorpolepiece656positionedadjacenttheoppositepolefacethereof.Stator
polepiece654includesapathportion658Aextendingtoonesideofpermanentmagnet
652andapathportion658Bextendingtotheonesidethereofandspacedfromfirstpath
portion658A.Controlcoils660and662arepositionedalongrespectivestatorpolepiece
pathportions658Aand658B.Likewise,statorpolepiece656includespathportions664A
and664Bwhichextendinasimilarmannertherefromsoastobealignedwithstatorpath
portions658Aand658Brespectively.Controlcoils666and668arepositionedalong
respectivestatorpolepiecepathportions664Aand664B.Positionedoppositeandfacing
controlcomponent651isalikecontrolcomponent670includingpermanentmagnet672,
statorpolepiece674withpathportions676Aand676Bhavingrespectivecontrolcoils678
and680,andstatorpolepiece682withpathportions684Aand684Bhavingrespective
controlcoils686and688.Theendofeachofthepolepiecepathportions658A,658B,
664A,664B,676A,676B,684A,and684Bisofagenerallyarcuateconfiguration.

Arotorassemblyofmotor650includesanonmagneticshaft700havingapermanent
magnetrotormember702mountedthereonforrotationtherewith.Permanentmagnetrotor
member702isgenerallyringshapedandsegmentedtoincludedistinctnorthandsouth
polefaceswhichreverseabouteveryninetydegreestherearound.Whenassembledthetop
andbottomsurfacesofpermanentmagnetrotormember702alignwithpolepieces654,
656,674,and682ofthestatorassemblyandarepreferablyconfiguredsuchthataminimal
gapbetweentheoutersurfaceofpermanentmagnetrotormember702andthearcuate
surfacesofthepolepiecepathportionsisprovided.

Rotationofdevice650canbeachievedbycontrolled,timedenergizinganddeenergizing
ofcontrolcoils660,662,666,668,678,680,686,and688.Exemplaryrotationis
demonstratedwithreferencetothetopviewsofFIGS.32A32Bwhichdepict
counterclockwiserotationofpermanentmagnetrotormember702throughonehundred
eightydegrees.InFIG.32Astatorpolepiecepathportion658Aofcomponent651isactive
andstatorpolepiecepathportion658Bisnotactive,whichmaybeachievedbyenergizing
controlcoil660inapermanentmagnetmagneticfluxaidingmannerorbyenergizing
controlcoil662inapermanentmagnetmagneticfluxopposingmanner.Statorpolepiece
pathportion676Bofcomponent670isactiveandstatorpolepiecepathportion676Ais
notactive,whichmaybeachievedbyenergizingcontrolcoil680inapermanentmagnet
magneticfluxaidingmannerorbyenergizingcontrolcoil678inapermanentmagnet
magneticfluxopposingmanner.Thus,portions690and692ofpermanentmagnetrotor
member702,whichbothhaveanorthmagneticpolarity,willberepelledbythenorth
polarityofstatorpolepiecepathportions658Aand676Balignedtherewith.Portions694
and696ofpermanentmagnetrotormember702,bothofwhichhaveasouthmagnetic
polarity,willbeattractedtotheactivepathportions658Aand676B.Attheinstantthat
rotormemberportion694becomesalignedwithstatorpolepiecepathportion658A,as
showninFIG.32B,allcoilsaredeenergizedsuchthatallpolepiecepathportionswillbe
activeasshown.Polepiecepathportions658Band676Aarethenkeptactivewhilepole
piecepathportions658Aand676Baremadeinactive.Thisisachievedbyenergizing
controlcoils662and678inapermanentmagnetmagneticfluxaidingmannerorby
energizingcontrolcoils660and680inapermanentmagnetmagneticfluxopposing
manner.Rotormemberportions690and692willagainberepelledbythenorthpolarityof
pathportions658Band676Aalignedtherewithsuchthatrotationofpermanentmagnet
rotor702iscontinued.InFIG.32Dallcoilsareshowndeenergizedwhenrotorportion692
alignswithpolepiecepathportion658A.Bycontinuingthistimedsequenceof
energizationanddeenergizationofthecontrolcoils,continuedrotarymovementis
achieved.Asexplainedabove,theinitialdirectionofrotationcanbecontrolledbycircuit
meanswhichdetectstheinitialdirectionofpermanentmagnetrotor702andimmediately
altersthecoilenergizationschemeiftheinitialdirectionisincorrect.

Asideviewofassembledmotor650isshowninFIG.33andincludesanupperhousingor
enclosureportion710,abottomhousingportion712,upperbearing714,andalower
bearing716.

Afourthembodimentofarotarymotiondeviceormotor740isillustratedinFIGS.3439.
Motor740includesfivestatorcontrolcomponents742A742Epositionedaroundaring
shapedpermanentmagnetrotormember744(FIG.36).Asshownwithreferenceto
component742AinFIG.37eachstatorcomponent742Aincludesapermanentmagnet
746Awithanupperpolepiece748Apositionedadjacentonepolefacethereofandalower
polepiece750Apositionedadjacenttheoppositepolefacethereof.Controlcoils752A,
754Aarepositionedalongrespectivepolepieces748A,750A.Abypass756Aextends
frompolepiece748Atopolepiece750Aandispositionedbetweenpermanentmagnet
746Aandcontrolcoils752A,754A.Alternatively,bypass756Acouldbeprovidedonthe
oppositesideofpermanentmagnet746AasshowninFIG.38.Althoughnotshown,itis
anticipatedthatpermanentmagnetrotormember744wouldbemountedonanaxisfor
rotationtherewithandthatamotorhousingorenclosurecouldbeprovided,suchasshown
inrelationtomotor650ofFIG.33.

ReferringtothetopviewsofFIGS.39A39D,rotarymotionofrotormember744is
depictedbythesequenceofviews.Regions770and772inFIGS.39A39Drepresentthe
magneticnorthregionsofthetopofpermanentmagnetrotor744.InFIG.39Acontrolcoils
752Eand752Careenergizedinapermanentmagnetaidingandexceedingmannersuch
thatregions770and772ofpermanentmagnetrotor744arerepulsedbycomponents742E
and742Cwhilepermanentmagnetmotorregions774and776areattractedbycomponents
742Eand742C.Theresultantcouplingforcesacttomovepermanentmagnetrotorina
counterclockwisedirectiontothelocationshowninFIG.39B.Justafterpermanentmagnet
rotorregion772passesthepointshowninFIG.39C,controlcoil752Bisenergizedina
permanentmagnetaidingandexceedingmanner,whilecontrolcoils752Eand752Calso
remainenergized,andcounterclockwiserotationofpermanentmagnetrotor744is
continued.Justafterpermanentmagnetrotorregion772passesbycontrolcomponent742C
controlcoil752Cisdeenergized,whilecontrolcoils752Eand752Bremainenergized,so
astocontinuecounterclockwiserotation.Then,justafterpermanentmagnetrotorregion
770reachesthelocationshowninFIG.39Dcontrolcoil752Disenergizedinapermanent
magnetfluxaidingandexceedingmanner,whilecoils752Eand752Bremainenergized,so
astocontinuecounterclockwiserotation.Thus,asintheotherembodiments,repeatedand
timedenergizationanddeenergizationofthecontrolcoilsproducesthedesiredrotational
movement.

Intermsofcontrollingtheenergizationofcoilsinthedevicesdescribedabove,various
electroniccontrolcircuit/switchingmeansandelectromechanicalcontrolcircuit/switching
machinesaredepictedinFIGS.4044.Incircuit800ofFIG.40agivencoil802isplaced
inseriesbetweenanelectricalenergysource804andapowermosfet806.AnLED808is
connectedtoelectricalenergysource804throughresistor810andispositionedtoimpinge
uponaphototransistor812whichisconnectedinserieswithresistor814.Acontrolinputof
mosfet806isconnectedbetweenphototransistor812andresistor.Accordingly,whenLED
808activatesphototransistor812thevoltagedropacrossresistor814activates,orturns
ON,mosfet806andcoil802isenergized.Timedenergizationofcoil802isprovidedby
mountinganinterrupter816,suchasshowninFIG.42,totheshaft816ofthemotordevice
tobecontrolled,suchthatasinterrupter814rotateswithshaft816coil802isalternately
energizedanddeenergized.Inadevicewithapluralityofcoilsacorrespondingpluralityof
LED/photoresistorpairsmaybeprovided.

Incircuit820ofFIG.41acoil822ispositionedbetweenelectricalenergysource824and
powermosfet826.Ahallswitch828isconnectedinserieswithresistor830.Hallswitch
828isalsoconnectedtothecontrolinputofmosfet826throughresistor832.Inagiven
devicehallswitch828wouldbepositionedtoreacttoachangeinmagneticfluxsoasto
controltheON/OFFswitchingofmosfet826,andthusthealternateenergizationandde
energizationofcoil822.

InFIG.43acircuit840forcontrollingtwocoilsinanoppositemannerisprovidedsuch
thatwhencoil842isenergizedcoil844isdeenergized,andsuchthatwhencoil842isde
energizedcoil844isenergized.Bothcoils842and844areconnectedinseriesbetween
electricalenergysource846andrespectivepowermosfets848and850.AnLED852and
phototransistor854arrangementisprovided,LEDconnectedinserieswithresistor856and
phototransistorconnectedinserieswithresistor858.WhenLED852turnsphototransistor
854ONthevoltagedropacrossresistor858turnsmosfet848ONandcoil842isenergized.
Atthattimethevoltageappliedatthecontrolinputofmosfet850willbelowandtherefore
mosfet850willbeOFFandcoil844willbedeenergized.Wheninterrupter814blocks
LED852,phototransistor854isturnedOFFandmosfet848islikewiseturnedOFF.The
controlinputofmosfet850isthereforepulledhighthroughresistor860andmosfet850is
turnedONsuchthatcoil844isenergized.

InaFIG.44asystem870includingmember872mountedonrotatingshaft874is
provided,withtheleftsideofmember872beingalternatelyconductiveat876andnon
conductiveat878.Coils880and882areconnectedtorespectivebrushes884and886
whicharepositionedtocontactmember872duringrotationthereof.Member872is
connectedthroughbrush890topowersupply888.Thus,coils880and882will
alternatinglybeenergizedanddeenergizedastherespectivebrushesthereofcontactthe
conductiveandnonconductiveportionsofmember872.

Anyofsuchcircuitmeans,variationsthereof,orothercircuitmeansmaybeusedtoprovide
thetimedenergizationofthecontrolcoilsinthevariousembodimentsofthepresent
invention.
Fromtheprecedingdescriptionoftheillustratedembodiments,itisevidentthattheobjects
oftheinventionareattained.Althoughtheinventionhasbeendescribedandillustratedin
detail,itistobeclearlyunderstoodthatthesameisintendedbywayofillustrationand
exampleonlyandisnottobetakenbywayoflimitation.

Forexample,althoughthemagneticfluxcontroltechniquesofthepresentinventionhave
beendiscussedasapplicablemainlytovariousmotiveapplications,suchmagneticflux
controltechniquesarealsousefulinstaticapplications.

PowerConversion

ReferringtoFIGS.45A45Cthereisshownthepermanentmagnetdevice900ofFIGS.
45A45Cthathastwomagneticfluxpathsprovidedbyrectangularpolepiece902which
includesupperportion904andlowerportion906eachpositionedagainstarespectivepole
faceofpermanentmagnet910.UnlikethedeviceofFIGS.79,fallawayarmaturesarenot
provided.Rather,fixedarmaturesintheformofintegralpolepieceportions912and914
extendfromupperportion904tolowerportion906completingthetwofluxpathsina
permanentmanner.Controlcoils916,918areprovidedalongonefluxpathandcontrol
coils920,922areprovidedalongtheotherfluxpath,suchcontrolcoilsactingasprimary
windingsindevice900.Onecoil924ispositionedaroundpolepieceportion912and
anothercoil926ispositionedaroundpolepieceportion914,suchcoils924,926actingas
secondarywindingsindevice900.

InFIG.45Acoils916,918areenergizedinapermanentmagnetmagneticfluxaiding
mannersoastocouplewithallthemagneticfluxofpermanentmagnet910.Allmagnetic
fluxflowsalongpath930asshownandthuscoupleswithcoil924.InFIG.45Bnocoils
areenergizedandthepermanentmagnetmagneticfluxsplitsevenlybetweenpaths930and
932,couplingwithbothcoil924andcoil926.InFIG.45Ccoils920,922areenergizedina
permanentmagnetmagneticfluxaidingmannersuchthatallmagneticfluxtraversespath
932andcoupleswithcoil926.InFIG.45DnocoilsareenergizedasinFIG.45B.By
continuouslyalternatinglyenergizinganddeenergizingcoils916,918and920,922insuch
amannerenergyconversionisachievedduetothecouplingwithcoils924and926.The
magneticfluxintheintegralpolepieceportions912and914,andthusthefluxcoupling
withrespectivecoils924and926,variesbyafactoroftwicetheamountofmagneticflux
generatedbyenergizingcoils916,918and920,922.

TheconstructionshowninFIGS.45Aand45Xaresimilartotheconstructionshownin
FIGS.7and47.Thedifferenceinbothcasesrelatestoreplacingthetwofluxpathsand
armatureswithonecontinuesfluxpath.ThearrangementinFIG.7hasonepermanent
magnetandfourcoilsandthearrangementinFIG.47hastwopermanentmagnetsandtwo
coils.Althoughthephysicalaspectsofthetwoarrangementsandthedetailsoftheflux
controlvary,thecontrolmethodforvaryingthepermanentmagnetsfluxaresimilarand
willbedescribedsimultaneouslyandonlydifferenceswillbepointedout.

Withcontinuousfluxpathsthestaticfluxfromthepermanentmagnetormagnetsisuseless.
However,ifthestaticfluxofthepermanentmagnetconfinedtothefluxpathswere
modifiedtobetimevaryingitwouldhaveutilityforelectromagneticinductiondevicesfor
powerconversionliketransformersandpowerinverters.However,thesamebasicmethod
forcontrollingthefluxofapermanentmagnettoprovidelinearandrotarymotioncanalso
beappliedtotimevaryingthestaticfluxfromthepermanentmagnetic.Theconstruction
showninFIG.45Xutilizesfourcontrolcoilsandasinglepermanentmagnetandthe
constructionshowninFIG.45Ausestwocontrolcoilsandtwopermanentmagnets.The
fluxthatwouldnormallybesuppliedbyaprimarywindingissuppliedbythestaticfluxof
thepermanentmagnetormagnetsandthecontrolcoilsconvertthisstaticfluxintoatime
varyingfluxinanovelway.Botharrangementsusetwosecondarycoils,thesecondary
coilsareplacedintheregionofthecontinuousfluxpaththatwouldbeoccupiedbyan
armatureorrotorinthelinearorrotaryarrangements.Theregionsofthefluxpathsthat
performworkarethesameinallcases.

Inallcasesthecontrolcoilscaneitherbewiredinseriesorparallelandthesecondarycoils
canbeeitherwoundinseriesorparallel.Morethanonesecondarycoilorsecondarycoils
withmultipletapscanbeplacedintheworkingregionsandfurthermultiplefluxpathscan
beutilizedwithoneormoresecondarycoilsplacedineachoftheworkingregions.Thisis
madeobviousbythedisclosuresofthelinearandrotarydeviceshereinandbasedonthe
factthattheworkingregionsofthefluxpathsareidentical.

FIGS.45Xand45Aalsoshowthepathsofthestaticfluxofthepermanentmagnetor
magnetswhennocurrentisflowinginthecontrolcoils.InthearrangementshowninFIG.
45Xthefluxfromthesinglepermanentmagnetdividesbetweenthetwoworkingareasof
thefluxpath.InthearrangementofFIG.45Aallofthefluxofoneofthepermanent
magnetspassesthroughoneoftheworkingregionsandallofthefluxofthesecond
permanentmagnetpassesthroughtheotherworkingregion.Eachoftheworkingregionsin
bothcasesareoccupiedbysecondarycoils.

FIGS.45Yand45Bshowthecontrolcoilsenergizedwiththepolarityshownwithrespect
tothepolarityofthepermanentmagnetormagnetsincluded.InFIG.45Ytheopposingcoil
blocksthepassageoffluxfromthepermanentmagnetandtheaidingcoilcoupleswiththe
fluxofthepermanentmagnetandthereforeallofthefluxofthepermanentmagnetpasses
throughoneworkingregionasshown.InFIG.45Atheopposingsideofthecoilblocksthe
passageoffluxfromthepermanentmagnetontheopposingsideofthecoilandtheaiding
sideofthecoilcoupleswiththefluxoftheotherpermanentmagnetandthereforeallofthe
fluxofboththepermanentmagnetspassesthroughtheworkingregionasshown.

FIGS.45Zand45Cshowthecontrolcoilsenergizedwithapolarityoppositeofthatshown
inFIGS.45Yand45B.Thesameactionoccursandresultsinallofthepermanentmagnet
ormagnetspathfluxpassingthroughtheoppositeworkingregions.

Byalternatingthepolarityofthecontrolcoilsduringonecycle,oneworkingregion
experiencesanincreasingfluxandtheoppositeregionexperiencesadecreasingfluxand
duringthenextcycletheoppositeoccurs.Thisresultsintheinductionofavoltageinthe
secondarycoilsthatisdecidedbythemagnitudeofthechangeinfluxintheworkingregion
andthetimeinwhichthischangeoccurs.Thenoveltyofthisdiscoveryisthattheprimary
fluxinducingthevoltageinthesecondarycoilsissuppliedbythepermanentmagnetor
magnetsandisfargreaterthanthefluxsuppliedbythecontrolcoils.

Further,intherotarymotiondevicesofFIGS.31and34,itisnotnecessarythatrespective
rotormembers702and744beformedofpermanentmagnets.Eachcouldtaketheform
showninFIG.46wheresections950and952areformedofmagneticmaterialsuchassoft
ironandsections954and956areformedbyanonmagneticfillermaterial.

FIGS.47and48showanotherembodiment1000ofthesubjectdevice.Theembodiment
1000includestwospacedpermanentmagnets1002and1004eachofwhichhasitsnorth
poleadjacenttheuppersurfaceanditssouthpoleadjacentthelowersurface.A
magnetizablebridgingmember1006extendsacrossandmakescontactwiththenorth
magneticpolesofthemagnets1002and1004andanothermagnetizablebridgingmember
1008makescontactwiththesouthmagneticpolesofthetwopermanentmagnets1002and
1004.Themembers1006and1008extendslightlybeyondtheoppositesidesofthe
respectivepermanentmagnets1002and1004andapairofspacedarmaturemembers1010
and1012arepositionedtomoveintoandoutofengagementwiththeendsofthemembers
1006and1008.Coils1014and1016aremountedrespectivelyonthemembers1006and
1008inthespacebetweenthepermanentmagnets1002and1004,andthearmatures1010
and1012areshownconnectedtogetherbyarod1018whichenablesthemtomove
backwardsandforwardsintoengagementwiththerespectivemembers1006and1008
whendifferentvoltagesareappliedtotherespectivecoils1014and1016.InFIGS.47,the
coils1014and1016areenergizedasshownwiththecoil1014havingitsnorthmagnetic
endtotheleftanditssouthmagneticendtotherightandtheoppositeistrueofthecoil
1016.InFIG.48,thevoltageappliedtotherespectivecoils1014and1016isreversedso
thatthepolarityoftheleftendofcoil1014issouthandthepolarityoftheoppositeendof
thesamecoil1014isanorthmagneticpole.Thereverseistrueofthecoil1016.Itistobe
notedinFIGS.47and48thattherelationshipofaidingandopposingisindicatedonthe
figurestoindicatetherelationshipwhenthecoilsareenergized.Forexample,inFIG.47
whenthecoilsareenergizedasshowntherelationshipisopposingforthepermanent
magnet1002andisaidingwithrespecttothepermanentmagnet1004.Thereverseistrue
whenthevoltageonthecoilsisreversedasshowninFIG.48.Byproperlytimingthe
voltageontherespectivecoilsthemovementofthearmatureiscontrolled.Thesame
principlescanbeappliedtoproducerotatingmovementasshowninFIG.42.

FIG.49showsanotherembodiment1030ofthesubjectinventionusingprinciplessimilar
tothosedescribedinconnectionwithFIGS.47and48.Theembodiment1030includesa
plurality,threebeingshown,ofstationarymembers1032,1034and1036.Thedetailsof
thesemembersarebettershowninFIG.50whichshowsthedetailsofthemember1036.
Thismemberincludesapairofpermanentmagnets1038and1040,eachofwhichhas
magnetizablemembersmountedadjacentoppositesidesthereofasintheprevious
construction.Themembers1042and1044alsohavecoils1046and1048,respectively,and
thecoilsareenergizedasdescribedinconnectionwithFIGS.47and48toproduceaiding
andopposingmagnetism.TheconstructionshowninFIG.49mayhavethreestatorportions
asshownoritmayhavemorestatorportionsasdesired.Therotor1050ispositionedinthe
spacebetweenthemembers1032,1034and1036andincludesapermanentmagnetportion
partofwhichhasitsnorthmagneticpoleonthesurfaceasshownandtheotherpartshasits
southmagneticpoleinthesamesurfaceasshown.Thepermanentmagnets1038and1040
onthestatorsinteractwiththepermanentmagnetsontherotortoproducetherotating
motionandiscontrolledbytheenergizingofthecoils.

Otherapplicationsandadvantagesofthedevicesandmethodsofthepresentinventionexist
andvariousmodificationsarepossible,andthereforethepresentinventionisnotintended
tobelimitedtothespecificexamplesdisclosedherein.Accordingly,thespiritandscopeof
theinventionaretobelimitedonlybythetermsoftheappendedclaims.

US5254925

PermanentMagnetControlMeans
Alsopublishedas:US5463263//EP0553866//EP0553866//WO9315513//JP6046585

19931019

AbstractAmotionproducingdeviceusingpermanentmagnetsasthesourceofenergy
includingoneormorepermanentmagnetsatleastonehavingacoilmountedonit,andan
electriccircuitforconnectingthecoiltoasourceofelectricenergywherebyapplicationof
theenergytothecoilchangesormodifiesthemagneticcharacteristicsofthepermanent
magnetonwhichitismountedinsuchamannerthatwhenanotherpermanentmagnetisin
thefieldofthecontrolledpermanentmagnet,theinteractionbetweenthepermanent
magnetswillbemodifiedsoastochangethecouplingforcetherebetween.Thepresent
devicecanbeusedtoproducerotationalmotion,linearmotion,oscillatingmotion,and
combinationsofthese.

US5304881

MeansforProducingRotaryMotion

Alsopublishedas:US5753990

AbstractAdeviceforconvertingmagneticforcetomechanicalforceincludinga
memberhavinganaxisaboutwhichitisrotatable,thememberhavingaperipheraledge
portionformedofamaterialthatiseffectedbythepresenceofamagneticforceadjacent
thereto,atleastonemagneticmemberpositionedadjacenttheperipheralportionofthe
rotatablemembertoproduceamagneticcouplingforcetherebetween,theperipheral
portionoftherotatablememberhavingashapesuchthatthemagneticcouplingbetween
themagneticmemberandtheperipheralportionoftherotatablemembervaries
continuouslyastherotatablememberrotates.

US5455474

MagneticMotorConstruction

Alsopublishedas:EP0576252//EP0576252//EP0576252//ZA9304343//WO9400903
AbstractThepresentinventionrelatestoanapparatushavingspacedpermanentmagnets
positionedsothatthereismagneticinteractionbetweenthem,andcontrollingthe
interactionbyhavingacoilinthespacebetweenthepermanentmagnetsconnectedtoa
sourceofelectricpotentialandacontrollableswitchinseriessuchthatclosingtheswitch
placesavoltageacrossthecoilandpredeterminatelyaffectsthemagneticinteraction
betweenthespacedpermanentmagnets.Theinventionalsoteachesmountingoneofthe
permanentmagnetsonarotatablestructuresothatthespacedpermanentmagnetscanmove
relativetoeachother,thecontrollableswitchoperatingtocontroltheapplicationofelectric
potentialacrossthecoilinsuchamannerastoproducerelativerotationalmovement
betweenthespacedpermanentmagnets.

US5710493

CircuitandMethodforAlternatingCurrentMotorConstructions

AbstractThepresentinventionrelatestoacontrolcircuitforamotor,themotorincludingarotor
havinganonmagneticbodyportionandaperipheralportion,theperipheralportionbeingformedon
permanentlymagnetizedmaterial,onearcuateportionthereofhavingnorthmagneticpoleandanother
arcuateportionhavingsouthmagneticpole,apairofmotorcoils,adiodebridgecircuithavingopposed
inputconnectionsandopposedoutputconnections,acircuitforconnectingtherespectiveopposedinput
connectionsofthebridgecircuitinserieswiththepairofcoilsacrossanalternatingcurrentsource,a
firstcircuitportionconnectedacrosstheopposedoutputconnectionsofthediodebridgecircuit
includingacontrollableswitchdevicehavingacontrolgate,circuitrytocontrolthevoltageappliedto
thecontrolgatetocontroltheconductingconditionthereofandhencecurrentflowthroughthepairof
coils,circuitmeansincludingfirstandsecondparallelcircuitseachhavingaresistorinserieswitha
diode,thefirstparallelcircuitbeingconnectedbetweenoneoftheopposedinputconnectionsofthe
diodebridgerectifiercircuitandthesecondparallelcircuitbeingconnectedtotheotheroftheopposed
inputconnectionsofthediodebridgecircuit,theoutputsofthefirstandsecondparallelcircuitsbeing
connectedtothecontrolgateofthecontrollableswitchdevice,andaHallEffectdevicehavinga
connectiontothefirstcircuitportionandaconnectionbetweenthesecondcircuitportionwhichis
controlledbytheconditionoftheHallEffectdevice.

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