Cact150 Protected 3

SEC 3: COMPANY FORMED FOR LAWFUL
PURPOSE
NATURE PUBLIC COMPANY PRIVATE COMPANY ONE PERSON COMPANY
NUMBER OF
MEMBERS 7 or more persons 2 or more persons one person
CONDITIONS:-
SUBSCRIBING NAMES TO MEMORANDUM OF ASSOSCIATION FOR PUBLIC COMPANY
FOR ONE PERSON COMPANY:-
THE MEMORANDUM HAS TO HAVE THE NAME OF OTHER PERSON, WITH HIS CONSENT
WHO WILL BECOME THE MEMBER OF ONE PERSON
COMPANY IN THE EVENT OF DEATH OR INCAPACITY OF THE SUBSCRIBER BECOME THE

MEMBER OF ONE PERSON COMPANY
THE NOMINEE MAY WITHDRAW THE NOMINATION AS PER THE RULES PRESCRIBED
THE SUBSCRIBER CAN CHANGE THE NAME OF THE NOMINEE AT ANY PART OF THE TIME BY
GIVING NOTICE
AND SHALL INTIMATE THE REGISTRAR But MAKING CHANGES IN THEIR MOA.
@ Copyright: VIDHYA @ Compiled : KETAN SARDANA

Contact: - https://www.facebook.com/pages/Taxation-Law-CODES/185533964799625
https://www.facebook.com/groups/caketansardana/
https://www.facebook.com/ketan.sardana2
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SEC 4: MEMORANDUM OF ASSOSCIATION
CONTAINS: -
1) NAME OF THE PUBLIC COMPANY SHOULD END WITH THE WORD "LIMITED"
2) NAME OF THE PRIVATE COMPANY SHOULD END WITH THE WORD "PRIVATE
LIMITED"
3) THE STATE IN WHICH RO IS SITUATED
4) OBJECTS OF THE COMPANY
5) THE LIABILITY OF THE MEMBER
6) THES SHARE CAPITAL OF THE COMPANY
IMP POINTS:-
A) THE NAME OF THE COMPANY SHALL NOT RESEMBLE ANY EXISTING COMPANY
B) NO RESEMBLANCE TO ANY PATRONAGE OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT OR STATE
GOVERNMENT
C) SUCH WORDS CAN BE USED ONLY WITH THE PERMISSION OF CENTRAL
GOVERNMENT
PROCEDURE: -
1) THE PERSON HAS TO MAKE APPLICATION IN THE PRESCRIBED MANNER TO THE
REGISTRAR
2) THE REGISTRAR WILL RESERVE THE NAME SELECTED BY THE PROMOTERES FOR A
PERIOD OF 60 DAYS
DEFAULT:-
IF THE NAME IS OBTAINED BY SOME WRONGFUL MEANS
A) THE NAME OF THE COMPANY SHALL BE CANCELED
B) PENALTY OF ONE LAKH RUPEES TO THE PROMOTER
INNCASE OF THE COMPANY BEING ALREADY REGISTERED

A) THE REGISTRAR WILL ASK TO CHANGE THE NAME OF THE COMPANY WITHIN 3
MONTHS AFTERE PASSING OR
B) STRIKING THE NAME OF THE COMPANY
C) MAKE A PETITION FOR WINDING UP OF THE COMPANY
COMPANY LIMITED BY GUARANTEE AND NOT HAVING SHARE CAPITAL

CANNOT GIVE ANY A RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE ANY MEMBER TO ITS DIVISIBLE PROFIT

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Sec 5: Articles of the Company
Contents:-
regulation for the management of the company
provisions for entrenchment
entrenchment provisions can be included in
a) On the formation of the company
b) Amendment to AOA
1) All the members of private company
2) By special resolution in public company
entrenchment provisions are helpful to protect the minority rights or make
unilateral amendments
Entrenchment is a provision which makes alteration of articles more difficult
Note: - A) when a company is registered after the commencement of this act all the
provisions of the duly registered articles shall apply unless they are excluded or
modified
B) This section shall apply only after amendment to the companies registered
under the old companys law
Sec 6: Act to override Memorandum,

Articles
All the provisions of this act is applicable unless contrary to the act
whether by passing resolution in the general meeting of the company or the board
of directors meeting
Whether the same is executed, passed, registered
No provisions of the memorandum, articles which agree with the act are void

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Sec 7: Incorporation of the company
1. Following documents shall be filed with the Registrar of the company
MOA and AOA of the company duly subscribed
Declaration by CA, CS , advocate that all the requirements which are required for
the registration are duly complied
Affidavit from the subscriber stating that he is not convicted for any offence
relating to formation or breach of duty or previous company law for a period of
previous five years and documents that filed in the respect of Registration are
duly complete in all respects
Address for the purpose of correspondence
Name , surname, nationality, residential address of the subscriber along with
proof of identity
Particulars of the first directors including the names , surnames , DIN, nationality
2. The Registrar shall register all the documents and issue Certificate of Incorporation
3. On and from the date of certificate of incorporation the company shall be issued CIN
4. The company shall maintain all the documents in its registered office till dissolution
5. If any person knowingly furnishes any false information relating to the Registration of
the company, he will liable for action under section 447
6. Where after the incorporation of the company it is proved that the company is
incorporated by providing false information then the promoters, first directors shall be
liable for action under sec 447
7. Incorporation of the company by providing false informations, will also lead to case in
front of the tribunal; where the tribunal may
a) Ask the company to makes changes in the management of the company in the
public interest.
b) Declare the liability to be unlimited
c) Remove the Name of the Companies from the Registrar of the Companies
d) pass order for the winding up of the company
Provided the company is given the opportunity of being heard

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SEC 8: Formation of Companies with Charitable
objects
1) Scope of the companies that may be formed with charitable objects (section 25 of
the companies Act 1956) --- increased to sports , education , social welfare,
research, protection of the environment, in addition to promotion of science,
commerce , art, religion and charity
2) Sec 8 companies can be merged with Sec 8 companies
3) The central government by licence issue in such manner , that the association of
person without the word "ltd" or Pvt Ltd" register such association
4) The company registered under sec 8 enjoys all the privileges subject to limited
companies
5) A company registered under this act shall not alter its MOA, AOA without the
permission of Central Government. A company registered under this act can convert
itself of any kind after fulfilling the prescribed conditions.
6) Where the central government is satisfied that the objects of the company fall with
the objects of sec 8 it can by licence allow the company to be registered under Sec 8
7) Where the Central Government is satisfied that the company has contravened any
of the regulations , the Central Government will cancel the licence and ask the
company to affix the words "ltd" or " Pvt Ltd"
8) Where the licence is revoked the central government may permit the company to
be amalgamated. However only Sec 8 company can be amalgamated with Sec 8
company
9) If the company defaults in complying with the requirement
a. the company shall be punishable with a fine of Rupees ten lakhs to one
crore
b. the directors shall be punishable with imprisonment of about 3 years or
fine of Rs 25000 to Rs 25 lakhs (maximum)
Or both

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SEC 9: EFFECT OF REGISTRATION
1) From the date mentioned in the certificate of incorporation subscribers of the

memorandum shall become members shall be a body corporate by the name in
articles
2) The company will be able to exercise all its functions
3) The company will have a common seal and perpetual succession
4) The company will have the powers of
to acquire property
to hold property
to dispose property
to be sued and sue
to contract
SEC 10 Effect of memorandum and articles
1) The memorandum and the articles of the company will bind both the company and
its members
2) The member will have to observe the provisions of the memorandum and articles
3) If any member has to pay any amount to the company , he will become debtor to
the company

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Sec 11: Commencement of the business
1) A company having share capital shall not commence business or borrow unless
a) Declaration has been filed by the director that he has paid all the value of shares
taken by him
b) The paid up share capital :-
for public company is 5 lakhs
for private company is 1 lakhs ; at the time of making declaration
2) Any default in this section will attract a penalty of
company- Rs 5000
every officer-Rs 1000 for everyday
3) Where no declaration has been filed with 180 days and the company s not able to
give a proper cause the name of the company is liable to be removed from the
Registrar of companies
Sec 12: Registered office of company
1) A company from its 15th day of its Incorporation, have a registered office capable of
receiving and acknowledging all communication & notices as may be addressed to it
2) Verification of the Registered office shall be furnished to the Registrar within 30

days of its incorporation
3) Every company
a) paint or affix its name and address of the Registered office at every
place of business
in a conspicuous manner
in legible letters
in general language
b) have its engraved in legible character on its seal.
c) get its name , address of its Registered office and CIN along with
telephone number, fax number, email and website address if any
printed on its correspondences and office publication
d) have its name printed on hundies , promissory notes , bills of
exchange and such other documents

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4) Where company changed its name or names during last 2 years , it shall paint or
affix or print with its former names or names so changed during last years
5) The words " ONE PERSON COMPANY" shall be mentioned wherever its name is
printed or engraved
6) Notice of every change of situation in the Registered office , after the date of
Incorporation shall be given to the Registrar within 15 days of change
7) The Registered office of the Company shall be changed only on special resolution
8) In the case of existing company, outside the local limits of any city town or village
where such office is situated at the commencement of the Act by virtue of special
resolution passed by the company.
In case of other company outside the local limits of any city town or village, where
such office is first situated it may be situated by virtue of special resolution
9) No company shall change the place of its registered office from the jurisdiction of
one Registrar to the jurisdiction of another Registrar within the same State unless
such change is confirmed by the Regional Director on an application made in this
behalf by the company in the prescribed manner
10) The confirmation shall be communicated within a period of 30 days from the
date of application by the Regional Director to the company
11) The Company shall file confirmation with the Registrar within 60 days
12) The certificate shall be conclusive evidence that all the requirements have
been complied with
13) In case of default company and every person who is in default shall be liable
to a penalty of Rs 1000 for every day of default Rs 1lakh

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SEc13: Alteration of Memorandum
1) As per the provision of Sec 61, A company by special resolution and by following the
procedures given alter the memorandum
2) Any change in the name of the company shall not have an effect unless approved by
Central Government
3) Where the change of the name involves addition and deletion of word " Private
Ltd", does not require approval of Central Government
4) Where there is a change in the name of the company, the Registrar shall enter the
name of new company and issue the certificate of incorporation for the same
5) The alteration of memorandum relating to the place of registered office from one
state to another shall not have an effect unless it is approved by Central
Government
6) The Central Government shall dispose of the application for the register office
within 60 days
7) Before passing the order it must satisfy that the alteration has the consent of
creditors , debenture holders and other persons
8) A company , under sec 64 shall in relation to the alteration of memorandum file
with the Registrar
i) special resolution passed by the company
ii) where there is an change in the name of the company, permission of
Central Government
9) A company which has raised money from public through prospectus , and still has
unutilised money out of the money so raised shall not change its object unless a
special resolution is passed
The details of such resolution shall be published in 2 languages , one in English
and one in the vernacular language which is in the circulation of the Registered
office of the company is situated and shall , be placed on the company website
The dissenting shareholders shall be given an opportunity to exit by the
promoters in regulation with the SEBI
10) The Registrar shall register any alteration of Memorandum within 30 days
from the date of filing special resolution
11) In the case of Company limited by guarantee and not having share capital ,
giving any right to participate in the divisible profits of a company shall be void

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Sec 14: Alteration of Articles
1) Where the company by special resolution converts public company into private
company and vice versa by altering its articles
and the company has converted into private company without complying of
the restrictions, then it ceases to be a private company
2) Conversion of the public company into private company can be done only with the
prior approval of the Tribunal
3) Every alteration shall be filled within 15 days
Sec 15: Alteration of memorandum and

articles to be noted in every copy
1) Every alteration made in the memorandum and articles shall be noted in every copy
of memorandum and articles
2) if a company makes default in complying with the provision of the act then the
company and every officer who is in default shall pay a penalty of Rs 1000 for every
officer for every copy of memorandum and articles issued without such alteration

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Sec 16: Rectification of the name of the
company
1) According to Central Government When a company on its first registration or new

registration is registered with name which is identical to the name of an existing
company under this act or the previous act then the Central Government may ask
the company to change its name within 3 months after passing ordinary resolution
2) when the name of the company or trademark is similar to an existing business,

then on the application of the trademark owner the Central government within 6
months may ask the company to adopt a new name
3) The company within 15 days has to intimate the Registrar of the change in the name
of the Company
4) If the company makes a default in any direction, the Company shall be liable to
penalty
a) company--fine of Rs 1000 for every day till the default continues
b) every officer-- fine of Rs 5000 for every day till the default continues maximum to
Rs 1 lakh
Sec 17: Copies of the memorandum and

articles to be given to members
1) On the request of the member the company has to provide copy of memorandum ,
articles or any other agreement on the payment of requisite fees
2) If the company makes a default in any direction, the Company shall be liable to
penalty
company and every officer--fine of Rs 1000 for every day till the default
continues or RS one lakh rupee whichever is less

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Sec 18: Conversion of companies already
registered
1) When a company wants to convert from class to another class it can do by alteration
in memorandum and articles
2) Where the conversion is required, the registrar shall on application made by the
company , when satisfied that it has complied with the rules
close the former company
and grant registration to new company
3) The debts , liabilities , obligations , contracts shall remain unaffected by conversion
Sec 19: Subsidiary company not to hold

shares in its holding company
1) The subsidiary company will not hold shares in the holding company through its
nominees and no holding company will transfer its shares to the holding company
Exceptions:-
a) where the subsidiary company holds its as legal representative of deceased
member of holding company
b) where the subsidiary company holds it as trustees
c) where the subsidiary company holds it as shareholder

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Sec 20: service of documents
1) A document may be served on the company or its member by sending it to the
registered office
a. by registered post
b. by speed post
c. by courier
d. by leaving it at the office
e. or electronic mode
2) When the securities are held in depository the records may be served on the
beneficial owner by electronic means
3) A member may request the documents to served through a specific medium by

payment of fees at the AGM
Sec 21: Authentication of document

proceeding
A document or contracts can be authenticated by getting it signed by any key

managerial purpose or any officer duly authorised by the board

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Sec 22: Execution of bill of exchange etc.
1) A bill of exchange, promissory note, hundi shall be deemed to be made accepted,

endorsed, drawn if it is made , drawn ,accepted by any person acting on behalf of
the company
2) A company shall authorise any person as attorney either generally or in specific

matters to execute other deeds in or outside India
3) A deed made by the attorney under his signature and sign will have the same effect
as made by the company
Sec 23-Public issue
PUBLIC COMPANY
Through prospectus Private placements Right issues & bonus issues
Referred to as Public Comply with provision in accordance with

provisions
Offer of Part II of Chapter of the act
PRIVATE COMPANY
Through private placement Right/ bonus issues
In case of LISTED COMPANIES; with the provision of SEBI

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Sec 24: Power of Securities Exchange
Board to regulate issues and transfer of
securities etc.
Powers of Securities Exchange
Board Power of Central Government
1 Issue and transfer of securities 1 Matters relating to prospectus
2 Nonpayment of Dividend 2 Matters relating to allotment

of listed companies
3 Matters relating to redemption of shares
4 other matters specified in the Act
The Securities Exchange Board can exercise the powers of sec tions 11 A, 11B, and 11 D
Sec 25: Documents containing offer of

securities for sale of deemed prospectus
1) What is prospectus???
Ans. Any document by which the offer for sale is made to the public is called
prospectus issued by the company.
2) What are the matters that will apply in the respect of prospectus??
Ans. All enactments and rules to law as to the content of prospectus, liability in the
respect of mis-statements omission from prospectus, shall apply with respect to
modifications.
Note - The person accepting the offer in the respect of securities are subscribers
3) When can it be said the securities were made to the public??

Ans. When the offer of securities was made within six months after the allotment of
agreement OR
The whole of consideration was not received by the company in the respect of
the securities
4) Who shall sign in the prospectus??

Ans. Company --- 2 directors OR
Firm--- not less than one half of the partner

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Sec 26: Matters to be stated in the
prospectus
1) Name and address of the Registered office, CEO, CFO, auditors, legal advisors,
bankers, trustees and underwriters (if any).
2) Dates of the opening and closing of the issues
3) Declaration about the issue of the letter of allotment
4) Statement of the BOD about separate bank account where all monies received are
transferred and disclosure of detail monies including utilised and unutilised monies
out of the previous issue.
5) Details about the underwriting issue
6) Consent of the directors, auditors and bankers to the issue, experts opinion
7) Authority for the issue
8) Procedure and time schedule of the allotment and issue of securities
9) Capital structure of the company
10) Main objects of the public offer, terms of present issue
11) Main objects and present business of the company and its implementation
12) Particulars relating to
a) what do management think about the risk in the project
b) time period of project.
c) Extent of the project completed
d) Deadline for completion of the project
e) Litigation involved , if any during the last 5 years against the promoters
13) Minimum subscription
14) Detail of director including their appointment and remuneration
15) Source of promoters contribution
REPORTS
Reports of the auditor in respect of P&L and assets and liabilities of the company
Reports relating to P&L of the company for the last 5 years
Reports made by the auditors upon the P&L for each of the 5 financial years
Note:: in case of company which a period of 5 years has not elapsed, the reports will be
relating each of the preceding financial years from the date of incorporation

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Reports to which the transaction which the proceed of securities are applied directly
or indirectly
make a declaration that no provision of SCRA has been violated
Note: -
However this will to apply to the debenture holders or existing shareholders, they
will not be required to issue any prospectus whether the shareholder has the
right to renounce the shares
No prospectus shall be issued unless it is delivered to Registrar for Registration,
copy signed by director or proposed director
A prospectus will not include any statement of expert , unless the expert has
given written consent or withdrawn his consent before the delivery of the
prospectus to the Registrar for registration
Every prospectus must state that a copy has been to the Registrar for registration
and specifies the document to be so attached
The Registrar shall not register a prospectus unless the requirement of this
section has been complied with by consent in writing
No prospectus shall be valid for more than 90 days after the day a copy was made
to the Registrar
DEFAULT:-
If the provisions are not complied then
o Company ---- Fine not less than 50000 to the maximum of RS 3 lakh
o every person---- imprisonment for 3 years or fine or both

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SEC 27: Variations in term of contract or
objects in prospectus
1) The terms of the contract and the object mentioned in the prospectus can be
altered with the approval of , or subject to an authority given by company in general
meeting by way of special resolution
2) The notice containing the details of special resolution shall be published in 2

newspaper , one in English and one in vernacular language
3) The shareholders who dont agree with the terms of the contract( calls "dissenting
shareholders") shall be given exit order by promoters or controlling shareholder at
exit price as per conditions mentioned in SEBI
Sec 28: Offer of sale of share by certain

members of the company
1) Where the certain members of the company propose to give the whole or certain
part of shares to the public they can do with the consultation of BOD
2) Any details by which the shares are offered to public are called as prospectus and all
the conditions as to omissions, mis statements shall apply
3) The company will offer the shares on behalf of the individuals or body corporate for
which the expenses will be reimbursed by individual or the body corporate

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Sec 29: Public offer of the securities in
the dematerialised form
1) Every public companies , and other class or classes of public companies shall issue
securities only in dematerialised form
2) Any other company may convert its shares into the dematerialised form and vice
versa in accordance with the provision of Depositories Act 1996.
Sec 30: Advertisement of prospectus
1) Where an advertisement of any prospectus is published.

The following are to be verified :-
Memorandum as to the objects
Liability of the member.
Amount of the share capital
The signatories to the memorandum
Number of shares subscribed
Capital structure

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Sec 31: Shelf Prospectus
1) As the Securities and Exchange Board provide, any company or class of companies at
the time of first offer of securities issue shelf prospectus. The period of validity of
the prospectus shall be one year.
2) While the second offer of securities, no prospectus shall be issued
3) A company filing Shelf prospectus shall issue Information memorandum
4) Contents of Information memorandum

a) All material fact relating to new charges created
b) Changes in the financial position of the company between the first offer of
the securities and the succeeding offer of securities
5) The information memorandum shall be filed with Registrar within the prescribed
time prior to the issue of second or subsequent offer of securities under shelf
prospectus
6) Where a company or other person has received application for allotment of

securities along with advance payments the company or other person shall intimate
the changes to such applicants and
if they express a desire the company to withdraw applications the company shall
refund the money
7) When offer of securities is made then Information memorandum + shelf

prospectus= prospectus

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Sec 32: Red Herring Prospectus
1) Before issue of prospectus a company must issue Red Herring prospectus

Red Herring Prospectus =prospectus which does not complete particulars of quantum
or
price of securities
2) A company has to file red herring prospectus 3 days before opening of

subscription
3) Any variation between the prospectus and red herring prospectus shall be
highlighted in the prospectus
4) On the closing of securities , any information which is not mentioned in the

red herring prospectus shall be filed with the Registrar and Securities
Exchange Board
Sec 33: Issue of Application form for

securities
1) Application form for the issue of securities is valid only when accompanied with
abridged form of prospectus.
2) This condition will not apply in the following case

when invitation is made for underwriting agreement
when the shares are not offered to public
3) Before the closing of subscription list, a copy of prospectus will be furnished on the
request of person
4) On Default Company -penalty of RS 50,000

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Sec 34: Criminal liability of mis-statement
in prospectus
1) When the prospectus any misleading statements, the person authorising the issue
shall be liable under section 447.
2) This will not apply in the following cases
a) when the person making the statement has reasonable grounds to believe
that the statements were true at the time of making
b) the omissions were immaterial
Sec 35: Civil liability for mis statements

in the prospectus
1) Where a person who subscribes the shares on the basis of misleading statement
Every person: - a) who is director
b) who is promoter
c) has authorised the issue of prospectus
d) Expert
shall reimburse to the person who has subscribed for the share
2) However this clause will not apply
When the director before issuing of the prospectus issues his consent of
becoming director
OR
the prospectus was issued without his permission
OR
the prospectus was issued without his knowledge and becoming aware of the
issue , he gave a public notice that , the prospectus was issued without his knowledge
3) When it is proved that prospectus has been issued
with the intent of defrauding the applicant for securities
OR
any person for fraudulent purpose then ;
every person shall be personally responsible without any limitation of liability for all losses
or damages caused to the public who have subscribed for share on the basis of prospectus.

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Sec 36: Punishment for fraudulently
inducing person to invest money
1) Any person who makes a statement, promise, or forecast which is false

or
deliberately conceals material facts to induce any person to enter
An agreement for acquiring, to secure profits from the with the view of
disposing or underwriting yield of securities obtaining credit
securities facilities from bank
shall be liable for action under section 447
Sec 37: Action by third parties
Any persons affected by any misleading misstatements or inclusion or omission of the

statement shall file a suit under Sec 34 or Sec 35 or Sec 36

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Sec 38: Punishment for personisation etc
of securities
1) Any person
makes or abets making makes or abet to make otherwise directly or

an application in fictitious multiple applications indirectly a company to
name for the purpose of in different names allot, register transfer,
acquiring, subscribing for the purpose of securities to him any
acquiring subscribing person in fictitious name
for its securities
liable for action under sec 447
2) The provisions shall be reproduced in every prospectus in every application of

securities
3) Where a person has been convicted by court, the court may ask the person to give
back the gain if made and securities in possession of such person
4) The amount so collected shall be deposited in the Investor and Protection Fund"

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Sec 39: Allotment of Securities of
company
1) NO allotment of securities shall be made unless

a) the minimum amount stated in the prospectus has been received
b) the sum payable on the application have been paid and received by the
company by cheque or other instrument
2) The minimum amount payable on the application of every security should be 5% as
specified by SEBI
3) If the minimum amount is not received with 30 days or such period as may be
specified by SEBI
4) A company having share capital shall make Return of allotment
5) Default: Rs 1000 or Rs 1. Lakh (Whichever is less)
Sec 40: Securities to be dealt with stock

exchanges
1) Any Company before making public offer has to obtain permission from one or more
recognised stock exchanges where the securities are to be dealt
2) The permission has to be obtained by making an application
3) Where the prospectus has been made, the prospectus shall state the name of stock
exchanges in which securities are dealt
4) The monies received on application from public subscription are kept in separate
bank account in scheduled bank and will be utilised
a) for adjustment against allotment of securities where securities have been
dealt with stock exchange
c) for repayment of money within time specified by the board, where the
company is not able to allot securities
5) Default: company Minimum Rupees 5 lakhs and Maximum 50 lakhs
Every officer: imprisonment for term of1 year OR fine of Rs 50000 maximum to Rs 3 lakhs
OR both
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Sec 41: Issue of Global Depository
Receipts
A company after passing special resolution in general meeting issue depository receipts in
any foreign country.
Sec 42: Private Placements
1) A company may make private placement through the issue of private placement
offer
2) If a company whether listed or unlisted offers or allots or invites securities to more

than prescribed number of person, whether payment of securities have been
received or not OR whether the company intends to list its securities or not on
recognised stock exchange in or outside India shall be deemed to be an offer to
public and shall be governed by the provisions
3) No fresh offer shall be made unless the invitation already made as either been
completed or abandoned
4) An offer/ invitation which does not comply the provisions of this section are called
as public offer and the provisions of SCRA and SEBI shall apply
5) All monies payable payable on securities shall be paid through cheque and demand
draft or any other medium but not cash.
6) If a company does not allot its securities within 60 days from the date of receipt of
application money for such securities then such money will be refunded within 15
days from the end of 60 days @12% from the expiry of 60 the day

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7) The monies received on application shall be kept in separate account in scheduled
bank shall not be utilised for
a) adjustment against allotment of securities
b)for repayment of monies where the company is unable to allot securities.
8) All offers covered, whose names are recorded by the company prior to invitation to
subscribe such person shall receive by name, Complete records of such offer shall be
kept by the company such offer is filed with the Registrar within a period of 30 days
of circulation of relevant private placement offer.
9) No company shall release any public advertisements or utilise any media , marketing
or distribution channels to inform the public at large
10) Where the company makes allotment of securities it shall file with the
Registrar a return of allotment, including complete list of security holders with their
full name , address, number of securities allotted.
11) If company makes offer or accepts monies in contravention of this section.

The promoters and directors liable to penalty
Fine:- Rs 2 crores and the company shall also refund the money to the subscribers
within 30 days of imposing penalty
Sec 43: Share capital
Kinds of Share Capital
Equity Share capital Preference Share Capital
With voting rights

With Differential right as to dividend

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Q1) What is Preference Share capital?
Ans. Preference share capital are shares which carries a preferential right to
a) payment of dividend
b) repayment in the case of winding up
Q2 Whether dividends are fixed??

Ans. The dividends can be fixed amount or calculated at a fixed rate either free or subject
to income tax
Note: - Repayment of capital paid up or deemed to have paid up whether or not there is a
preferential right to pay fixed premium under the memorandum or articles of association
Sec 44: Nature of Shares or Debentures
The shares or the debentures shall be movable property and shall be transferable as
provided by articles of the company.
Sec 45: Numbering of Shares

Every share in the company shall having a share capital will have a distinct share capital.
However this will not apply to beneficial interest in the records of depository

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Sec 46: Certificate of shares
1) What is a share certificate?

Ans. A certificate which is issued under the common seal of the company which is
evidence of the title of share and also the number of share held by him
2) When duplicate certificate issued?

Ans. When certificate is lost, destroyed, mutilated or defaced and such mutilated
destroyed share certificate to the company
3) The manner of issue of the share certificate or duplicate share certificate ,the form
of share certificate the particulars to be entered in register of member shall be as
per the articles of association
4) The record of depository is prima evidence of the beneficial owner
5) Default : Company: Fine -minimum 5 times the face value of share certificates
Maximum 10 times the face value of shares or ten crores whichever is higher
47: Voting Rights
Voting right of Equity share Voting Rights of Preference

holders shareholders
On every resolution put before the only on the resolutions which directly
company affect the rights a
attached to its preference shares
or
Resolution for winding up of the company
or
Repayment of capital
or
Reduction of its equity /preference share
capital

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NOTE: - In case of preference shares when dividend has not been paid for two years
such preference shareholders has the right to put all the resolutions
Sec 48: Variation of Shareholders Right
1) The rights attached to different classes of shares can be varied

a. with the consent in writing of holders of at least 3/4th of holders of shares; or
b. by special resolution passed at special meeting
Provided,
The provisions with the respect to variation is contained with the Memorandum
or Articles in the Company OR
IF no provision in the Memorandum or Articles, then the provisions are not
prohibited by the issue
2) In the respect of special resolution is passed by at least 10% of issued share of class
they may apply to Tribunal
and the application has to be passed within 21 days after the consent was governor
resolution passed
3) The decision of the Tribunal is binding on the shareholders
4) The company shall file a copy with the Registrar within 30 days
5) Default : Company---- fine minimum Rs 25000 and Maximum to Rs 5 lakhs
Every officer--------Imprisonment - 6 months OR Fine RS 25000 maximum upto Rs 5lakhs

or both
Sec 49: Call on the shares of the same

class to be made in uniform basis
Calls for further shares capital on any class of shares on uniform basis

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Sec 50: Company to Accept unpaid share
capital although not called up
1) When a company is authorised by articles it may accept from its member any
unpaid amount by the shareholder even if no part has been called up
2) Where a company limited by shares when the amount has been fully paid up then
only member is entitled to voting rights
Sec 51: Payment of dividend in proportion

to amount paid up
A company if authorised by articles pay dividend in proportion to the amount paid up

share
Sec 52: Application of premium received on

shares
When company issues shares at a premium , then aggregate sum of premium will be
deposited in account called as " securities premium account" which shall be used for
for the purpose of issuing fully paid bonus share
in writing preliminary expenses
in writing off expenses or commission paid or discount allowed on issue of share or
debenture
premium payable for redemption of preference shares
for the purchase of it own shares or other securities under 68
When the financial statement comply with accounting standard for classes of companies
under sec 133
issuing fully paid bonus shares
I writing of expenses or commission paid or discount allowed o equity shares
for purchase of its own shares udder sec 68

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Sec 53: Prohibition of issue on discount
1) A company cannot issue share at a discount except for sweet equity shares
2) Any shares issued at a discount will be void
3) when the company issue shares at discount then
Company shall be punishable Every officer shall be punishable

Fine: Minimum : Rupees 1 lakhs Fine: Minimum : Rupees 1 lakhs
Maximum : Rupees 5 lakhs Maximum : Rupees 5 lakhs
or
Imprisonment to maximum 6 months
or
both
Sec 54: Issue of Sweat equit share

For the issue of equity shares following conditions need to be satisfied
Special resolution needs to be passed
the resolution, specifies the number of share, current market price, consideration,
classes of employees/ directors
not less tha one year should have elapsed since the date of company had
commenced business.
where the equity shares are listed on recognised stock exchange , they must follow
the regulations by SEBI
The Rights, Limitations restrictions and provisions are applicable to equity shares are
applicable to sweat equity shares

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Sec 55: Issue and redemption of
preference shares
1) After the commencement of this Act , the issues of irredeemable preference share is
not allowed
2) A company which is limited but shares can issue redeemable preference shares for a
period of twenty year only if the articles authorised
3) A company may issue preference shares exceeding twenty years for infrastructure
subjects on the condition that such percentage of shares prescribed on annual basis
at the option of preferential shareholder
4) Shares shall be redeemed only out of the profits of the company.
5) Shares shall be redeemed only if fully paid
6) Where shares are redeemed out of profits of company, such profits shall be
transferred to a separate account called as Capital Redemption Reserve" equal to
the nominal value of shares to be redeemed
7) In classes of companies whose financial statement comply with accounting
standard, the premium o redemption shall be payable out of the profits of the
company
8) When a company is not able to redeem preference share or declared dividend then
the company with the permission of 3/4th of preference shares and with the
approval of Tribunal issue further share equal to amount due
9) When such shares are issued then the unredeemed preference shares shall be
deemed to have been redeemed
1) The Capital Redemption Reserve shall be applied by the company in paying unissued
shares to be issued to the members of the company as fully paid bonus shares

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Sec 56: Transfer and Transmission of
Shares
1) In case of no share capital, A company will not registered transfer of securities

unless the transfer is in the nature of beneficial interest and it is in the prescribed
form and delivered within a period of 60 days from the date of execution along with
the certificate relating to securities/ letter of allotment of securities
2) Where the transfer is related to partly paid shares, the transfer shall not be
registered unless the company gives full notice to the transferee and transferee
gives no objection within 2 week from receipt from the date of notice
3) Every company shall deliver the certificates of securities allotted / transferred/

transmitted
subscribers of allotment of shares transmission of allotment of

memorandum shares debenture
within 2 months within 2 months one month from within period of

from date of from the date of the date of receipt of 6 months from
incorporation allotment instrument date of allotment
4) In case of execution of instrument by a legal representative in the case of deceased

member transfer of interest /security shall be valid
5) Under the Depositories Act 1996, any transfer done with the intention to defraus
any depository participant will be liable under sec 447
6) In the case of default

Fine
Company Every officer
Minimum :-Rs 25000 Rs 10000

Maximum :-RS 5 lakhs Rs 1 lakh

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Sec 57: Punishment for the personation of
shareholder
1) If a person deceitfully poses to be the owner of any security/ coupon/warrant or

interest in a company and there by obtains any such security or receives any money
due to any such owner he shall be punishable
Imprisonment Fine
Minimum 1 year Minimum Rupees 1 lakh

Maximum 3 year Maximum Rupees 5 lakh
Sec 58: Refusal of registration and appeal

against refusal
1) When the private limited company refuses to register the transfer of shares, then
within a time limit of 30 days from the date on which the instrument or the
intimation of such transmission send notice of refusal to the transferor and
transferee
2) The securities or other interest of any member in public company shall be freely
transferable
3) The transferee may appeal within a period of sixty days from the date on which the
instrument of transfer or intimation of transmission was delivered to company
4) Where no intimation has been received the transferee may within 90 days appeal to
the Tribunal
5) The Tribunal while dealing with the appeal after hearing the parties dismiss the
appeal or by order direct the transfer or transmission shall be registers by company
within 10 days of receipt of order or
the company may be asked to pay damages , if any , and the right to inspect the
register is given to the party aggrieved
6) Default:
Imprisonment Fine
Minimum 1 year Minimum 1 lakh
Maximum 3 year Maximum 5 lakh

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Sec 59: Rectification of register of
member
1) If the name of person is not entered in the Register of member by any reason. The
company may appeal in such form to the Tribunal and in the respect of foreign
member or debenture holder residing outside India to competent court outside
India specified by Central Govt by notification
2) The Tribunal while dealing with the appeal after hearing the parties dismiss the
appeal or by order direct the transfer or transmission shall be registers by company
within 10 days of receipt of order OR the company may be asked to pay damages ,
if any , and the right to inspect the register is given to the party aggrieved
3) Where the transfer of securities is in contravention of any provisions of SCRA. SEBI
the Tribunal may on the application made by depository direct the company or
depository to set right the contravention and rectify its register of records
4) Default:
Company Every officer fine imprisonment
Minimum 1 lakh Minimum 1 lakh 1 year
Maximum 5 lakh Maximum 5 lakh
Sec 60: Powers of authorised and

subscribed and paid up capital
1) The notice, advertisement or other official publication contains a statement of

authorised capital, it shall also contain in distinct letters the amount of subscribed
and the amount paid up.
2) Default :- Company : Penalty - RS 10000
Every officer : Penalty RS 5000 for each default

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Sec 61: Power of the company to alter its
share capital
1 A limited company
authorised by its
articles
increase the consolidate and cancel

authorised divide convert all sub divide the
existing
share capital shares fully paid the shares share
shares into into smaller amount
stock
Sec 62: Further issue of capital
1) Where any company proposes to increase its subscribed share capital by issue of
further shares then shares shall be offered to
a. the person who are holding equity shares of the company on the date of
offer in proportion to paid up share capital by sending a letter of offer
2) Conditions:-
a) the offer shall be made by notice specifying number of shares within
minimum 15 days and maximum 30 days from the date of offer. The offer is not accepted
shall be deemed to have been declined
3) Unless the articles of company the offer shall be deemed to include right exercisable
to renounce the shares in favour of other person and the notice shall contain a
statement in this right
4) On the expiry of the time and on the receipt of intimation declining the offer
whichever is earlier. The Board of Director may dispose of them in such manner
which may be advantageous to shareholder .

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5) The shares may be offered to the employees under ESOP subject to special
resolution
6) To any person authorised by special resolution either for cash / consideration other
than cash if the prices is determined by the valuation report of registered valuer
7) The notice shall be despatched through registered post/ speed post / electronic
media to all the existing shareholder at least 3 days before opening of issue
8) This section is not applicable where the increase in the capital is by the conversion
of debenture / loan into shares of the company
9) Where debentures /loans are taken by the company from the Government , and if
the Government directs the conversion of such debentures / loans into shares of the
company in the public interest then the Government may do so. Where the term of
conversion are not acceptable to the company , it may within 60 days of the
communication of the order
10) In determining the condition of conversion the government shall within due
regards of financial position of the company, terms of issue of shares or debentures
, the rates of interest payable on such debentures and such other matters
11) Where the Government by order direct that any debenture or loan into
shares of the company where no appeal has preferred to the Tribunal or where the
appeal has been dismissed the memorandum of the company has the effect of
increasing the authorised share capital to the extent to an amount equal to amount
of value of shares / debentures or loans converted

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Sec 63: Issue of bonus shares
1) A company may issue bonus shares out of

a) free reserves
b) securities premium
c) Capital redemption reserve
2) No bonus shares shall be issued out of capitalising reserves crested by revaluation of

fixed assets
3) Bonus shares can be issued only when the articles authorises
4) It has not defaulted the payment of interest or principal in respect of fixed securities
issued by it
5) The company has not defaulted payment of statutory dues of employees such as
contribution to provident fund, gratuity, bonus
6) The bonus shares not issued in lieu of dividend
Sec 64: Notice to be given to the Registrar

For alteration of share capital
1) Where company
a) alter its share capital
b) order of Government increasing the authorised share capital of the
company
c) company redeems any redeemable preference share
the company shall file with a notice within 30 days either the registrar along with the
memorandum
2) Default : Fine: Rs 1000 for each day of default or RS 5 lakhs

whichever is less

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Sec 65: Unlimited companies to provide for
reserve share capital on conversion into
limited company
1) An unlimited company by resolution for registration as a limited company do
either both or any of the following
specified
increase the nominal amount portion
of the share capital of its uncalled capital
by increasing the being called only in the
nominal values event of winding up the
company
Condition:-
the increased part of the
capital shall be called only
at the time of winding up

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Sec 66: Reduction of share capital
1) After the application is made by the company and on its confirmation by Tribunal, A
company limited by shares a company limited by shares/ company limited by
guarantee
having share capital
by special resolution
reduce the share capital
Cancel any paid up share

Extinguish / reduce capital
the liability of its
share or
pay -off any paid up share
capital
which is excess of the company
alter its memorandum by reducing the amount of its share capital and its share
Conditions:-
Either before or after the commencement of the Act, there is arrear in the
repayment of deposit then no reduction can be made
2) The tribunal shall make an application to the Central Government, Registrar and
Securities Exchange Board and the creditors and if there are any representations
from either of the parties it will be taken into account within a period of 3 months of
the notice where no representations are made , then it is assumed that there is no
objection to the reduction
3) When the tribunal is satisfied that the claim of the creditor is satisfied/ secured
make an order confirming the reduction of share capital
4) The reduction of share capital will be sanctioned only when the accounting
standards under sec 133 or any other provision by the company auditor
5) The Company shall deliver a certified copy of the order of the tribunal and the
minute approved by the Tribunal showing the amount of share capital, the number
of shares , the amount of each share

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6) When there is difference between the amount paid on the share or reduced amount
and the amount of share fixed by order no member shall be liable to pay the
difference
7) Where the name of creditor object to reduction of share capital and after such
reduction the company is not able to pay amount of his debt / claim, every person
who was member of the company shall contribute to payment of debt/ claim to the
extent of his contributions at the time of winding up
8) If the company is wound of , the Tribunal may on application settle a list of person
to contribute as if there were contributories in the event of winding up
9) If the officer of the company knowingly conceals the name of creditor knowingly
misrepresent the name he shall be liable to punishment under sec 447
10) Fine for failure :-
Minimum RS 5 lakhs
Maximum Rs 25 lakhs
Sec 67: Restrictions on purchase by

company or giving of loans by its for
purchase of shares
1) A company limited by shares or by guarantee can buy back its own shares
only when the reduction of share capital is given effect to
2) No public company by whatever means shall give loans to its holding

company. However this will not apply
a) To the banking company give loans in the ordinary course of business
b) giving of any loans to director or key managerial personnel in the course of
employment equal to the salary / wages for the purpose of enabling them to
subscribe/ hold shares for fully paid shares or its holding company by way of
beneficial ownership

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3) The right of a company to redeem its preference shares shall remain
unaffected
4) Penalty for contravention
Fine:-
Minimum Rupees 1 lakhs Minimum Rupees 1 lakh

Maximum Rupees 5 lakhs Maximum Rupees 25 lakhs
Imprisonment
3years
Sec 68: Buyback of shares
1) A company may purchase its own shares or other specified securities out of
a) free reserves
b) securities premium
c) the proceeds of issue of any share or other specified securities
2) No buyback of shares or other specified securities shall be made out of proceeds

of issue of same kind of securities
3) No company shall purchase its own shares unless the buyback is authorised by
the articles. A special resolution has been passed at the general meeting of the
company
Condition for buyback
a) the buyback is 10% or less of ( equity paid up capital + free reserves)
b) such buyback has been authorised by the Board by means of resolution
c) the buyback is 25% or less ( paid up capital+ free reserves)
d) the ratio of secured and unsecured debt is in ratio of 2:1
e) all the shares or other specified securities for buyback are fully paid up
f) the buy back of securities listed on recognised stock exchange with the
regulation of SEBI
4) No buyback shall be made within one year from the date of closure of buyback

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5) The notice of the meeting at which special resolution is proposed along with
explanatory statement
a) a full and complete disclosure of all material facts;
b) the necessity for the buy-back;
c) the class of shares or securities intended to be purchased under the buy-
back;
d) the amount to be invested under the buy-back; and
e) the time-limit for completion of buy-back.
6) Every buyback shall be completed within one year from the date of passing
special resolution
7) The buyback may be

(a) from the existing shareholders or security holders on a proportionate
basis;
(b) from the open market;
(c) by purchasing the securities issued to employees of the company pursuant
to a scheme of stock option or sweat equity.
8) After the buyback, the company has to destroy the certificates within 7 days
9) Where a company makes buy back it shall not make further issue of shares
within the next 6 months except by way of bonus shares , ESOP, or conversion of
preference shares / debentures into equity shares
10) When a company buyback or other specified securities , it shall maintain a

register of securities , the consideration paid , the date of cancellation , the date
of physically extinguishing the shares /securities
11) A company shall file with the Registrar and SEBI , a return containing particulars
relating to buyback within 30 days
12) If a company makes a default in the provisions of SEBI

Fine:-
Minimum :-Rs 1 lakh Maximum :-Rs 3 lakh
Every officer
Fine Imprisonment
Minimum :-Rs 1 lakh or or both
Maximum :-Rs 3 lakh 3 years

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Sec 69: Transfer of sums to CRR
1) When a company purchases its own shares out of free reserves the amount
equal to the nominal value should be transferred to CRR
2) The CRR in paying unissued share of the company as fully paid bonus shares
Sec 70: Prohibition for buyback in certain

circumstance
1) A company cannot buyback securities from the following through subsidiary

company including into own subsidiary through investment companies or group of
investment companies
2) Default made
In repayment of deposits
OR Redemption of Debentures or Preference shares
OR payment of dividend
OR repayment of any term loan
OR interest payable thereon to any financial institution
IF the default has been rectified and 3 years have elapsed after such default ceased
to subsist then buyback is not prohibited
3) No company shall make buyback directly or indirectly unless it has complied with
the provisions of sec 92, 123, 127, 129.

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Sec 71: Debentures
1) A company may issue debentures with the option of converting them into shares
either wholly or partly at the time of redemption. The conversion has to be
approved by special resolution in general meeting
2) NO company shall issue any debenture carrying voting rights
3) Secured debentures may issue to the terms and condition as may be prescribed
4) Where debentures are issued , debenture redemption reserve is created out of the
profits of the company available for payment of dividend and such amount will be
used only for redemption of debentures
5) the company shall not issue prospectus to its member more than 500 unless the
company has appointed a debenture trustee
6) A debenture trustee shall take steps to protect the interest of debenture holder and
handle their grievances
7) Trust deed shall be void if contains any clause exempting or indemnifying a trustee
against his breach of trust
8) A company shall pay interest and redeem in accordance with the term and
conditions of their issue
9) Where the debenture trustee believe that the assets of the company are
insufficient to discharge the principal amount, the debenture trustee may file a
petition before the Tribunal and the Tribunal after hearing the company impose
such restriction on incurring further liabilities.
10) Where the Company fails to redeem the debenture on the date of maturity,
the Tribunal may on application of all the debenture holder, trustee and after
hearing the parties concerned the company may redeem debentures on payment of
principal and interest.

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11) A contract with the company may be enforced by a decree for specific
performance.
12) The Central Government may prescribe the procedure for securing the issue
of debenture form of debenture trust deed procedure for the debenture holder to
inspect the trust deed and copies quantum of debenture redemption reserve.
13) In case of default with the order of default

Every officer
Fine: Minimum: - Rs 1 lakh
Maximum: - Rs 5 lakh; Imprisonment:-3 years
Sec 72: Power to nominate
1) Every holder of securities shall nominate any person to whom such securities vest in
the event of his death.
2) Where the securities of company are held by the more than one person jointly ,
then joint holders may together nominate , any person to whom all the rights in
securities shall vest in the death of joint holders
3) Where nominee is minor it shall be lawful for holder of security making the
nomination to appoint any person to become entitled to securities of the company
in the event of death of minority
4) Where nomination made in the prescribed manner any person the rights to vest in
securities the nominee , on the death of securities or as the case on the death of
securities on the death of joint holders become entitled to all the right of securities
to the exclusion of all the persons unless the nomination is varied or cancelled

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Sec 73: Acceptance of Deposits by
companies
1) On and after commencement of the Act, Every company shall invite , accept, renew
deposit in the manner provided in this Act
2) This shall not apply to Baking companies and NBFC under the RBI Act 1934 and
other companies which the central government notifies in consultation with RBI
3) A company can accept deposits only after passing resolution in general meeting in
consultation with the Reserve Bank of India
4) Conditions for the issue of Deposits

a) Issuance of circular to its member containing
financial position of the company
Credit rating obtained
Total number of depositors
amount due towards deposit
and such other particulars
b) Filing a copy of circular along with the statement to the Registrar within 30 days
before the issue of circular
c) Deposit a sum =15% of the amount of deposit maturing during the year AND next
financial years and kept in scheduled bank
d) Certifying that company has not defaulted in repayment of deposits
e) Providing security for any amount of deposit or interest thereon
5) Every deposit shall be repaid with the interest in accordance with the terms of
agreement
6) Where company fails to pay deposit or interest the depositor concerned may apply
to the Tribunal directing the company to pay such sum due for any loss or damage
incurred on the non-payment

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Sec 74: Repayment of deposit accepted
before the commencement of this Act
1) Wherein the respect of deposit accepted before the commencement of the Act the
amount of such deposit or interest due which remains unpaid before the
commencement or after the company shall file
within period of three month from such commencement or date thereof
with the Registrar
A statement showing the all deposits accepted + sums remaining unpaid
+ interest
and arrangement for such repayment
repay within one year from such commencement OR from the date on
which such repayments are due
2) The Tribunal after taking into the financial position , amount of deposit and other
matters allow further time
3) Default :- when the company fails to repay the deposit within the time prescribed
including the extended time limit
the company in addition to the deposits or interest be punishable
Company with a fine ----- Minimum 1 crore ; Maximum 10 crore

Every officer-------- imprisonment of 7 years
OR
Fine:- Minimum of Rs 25 lakhs
Maximum to 2 crore
OR both

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Sec 75: Damages for fraud
1) When the company fails to repay the deposits within the time limit prescribed with
the intent to defraud the depositors or any fraudulent purposes
EVERY OFFICER OF THE COMPANY WHOIS RESPONSIBLE SHALL BE LIABLE UNDER SEC 447
for all or any of those damages that may have been incurred by the depositors
2) when the company fails to repay the deposit or part thereof or interest and any loss
is incurred by person , association of person then suit or proceeding can be initiated
by such person against the company
Sec 76: Acceptance of deposits from public

by certain companies
1) A public company may accept the deposits from person other than its member
subject to the compliance with the requirement of sec 73(2) and subject to such
rules as the Central Government in consultation with the RBI
2) Conditions : company shall obtain the credit rating from recognised credit agency
at the time of invitation from deposit which ensures adequate safety and rating
shall be obtained every year
3) Every company accepting secured deposit from public shall within 30 days of such
acceptance create such a charge on its asset which will not be less than the amount
of deposits accepted in favour of deposit holder

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Sec 77: Registration of Charges
1) When a charge is created by the company within India or outside India on its
property or assets or any of its undertaking it is duty of the company to register
such charge on payment of such fees within 30 days of creation.
2) On the application by the company the Registrar allow such registration to be made
within 300 days of such creation on payment of additional fees
3) If Registration is not made within 300 days , the company shall create extension of
time under sec 87
4) After registration of charge, he shall issue certificate of registration in prescribed
form to the person in whose favour charge are created
5) NO charge created by the company shall be taken into account liquidator or any
creditor unless it is registered
Sec 78: Application for Registration of charge
1) Where a company fails to register the charge within period specified within 300 days
the person in whose favour the charge is created may apply to the Registrar for
Registration of the charge along with the instrument created for charge with the
prescribed time limits
2) The Registrar may on such application within period of 14 days after giving notice to
the company allow the person in whose favour the charge is created to register the
charge
3) This is possible only if the company fails to register the charge within the prescribed
limit
4) When the person registers the charge, he is entitled to recover from the company
all the fees and additional fees paid by him to the Registrar.

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Sec 79: Sec 77 applies in certain matters
1) The provisions of sec77 applies apply the company acquiring property subject to
charge any modifications in terms of conditions or the extent of operation
Sec 80: Date of notice of charge
Where any charge is registered under sec 77 any person acquiring such property or
assets or undertaking or share or interest shall be deemed to have notice of the charge
from the date of registration
Sec 81: Register of charges to be kept by

Registrar
1) The Registrar shall keep register containing particular of charge in prescribed

manner
2) The Register shall be kept open for inspection by any person on payment of fees

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Sec 82: Company to report satisfaction of
charge
1) On the satisfaction of charge , the company shall give intimation to the Registrar
within 30 days
2) On the receipt of the intimation
Show cause notice issued no show cause notice

asking why the payment or satisfaction
should not be recorded satisfaction shall
as intimated by the Registrar Memorandum of satisfaction shall
be entered in the Register of charges
within 14 days under sec 81
`
Registrar shall note in
the Register of charges and inform the company
and inform the Company

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Sec 83: Power of Registrar to make
entries of satisfaction and release in the
absence of intimation from company
1) On evidence being given that satisfaction with the respect to registered charge the
debt for which charge has been given is satisfied OR
the part of property or undertaking charged has been
released / ceases to form part of company property
Enter in the register of charges , a memorandum of satisfaction in whole or part of

assets released from company property or undertaking/ ceased to be part of
company property
2) The Registrar shall inform within 30 days of making the register of charges
Sec 84: Intimation of appointment of

receiver or manager
1) If any person obtain for the appointment of receiver

shall within a period of 30 days from the date of passing of order OR making
the appointment
2) Give notice of such appointment to the company and on the payment of prescribed
fees
3) The Registrar register particular of receiver , person or instrument in charge
4) When any person ceases to be receiver , he shall give notice to the company ,
Registrar and Registrar shall register such notice

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Sec 85: Company Register of charges
1) The Company at its Registered office shall maintain the Register of Charges. The
Register of charges shall contain all charges and floating charges affecting an
property or assets of the company
2) The Register of charges shall be kept at the registered office of the company
3) The register shall be open for inspection during business hours
4) Any creditor/ member shall without payment of fees may inspect the Register
5) Any other member can inspect the Register on payment of fees.
Sec 86: Punishment for Contravention
If the Company contravenes with any of provisions of this Chapter
Fine Punishment Both

By Company
Minimum -Rupees One lakh By every officer By Every

Officer Maximum -Rupees Ten lakhs
Imprisonment of 6 months
By every officer
Minimum - Rupees 25000
Maximum - Rupees 100000

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Sec 87: Rectification by Central government in Register of
Charges
1.) The Central Government on being satisfied that omission
Regarding particular Regarding time Mis-statements On other grounds

it is just made
equitable to
has been acquired by a to register the charge within time regarding charge or modifications
company or modification or or
of charge to give intimation to the Registrar with respect to memorandum of satisfaction
or or
satisfaction of charge entry made in pursuance of sec 82 and sec 83
was accidental
OR due to inadvertence
OR Sufficient cause
OR Nature of prejudice of shareholder/ creditor

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may on application of the company or any person
and on such terms and conditions
and it may seem expedient for the Central Government
direct
time for filing of particulars
or registration of charge
or giving of intimation of payment
or the misstatement shall be rectified
Note: When the Central Government extends the time of registration the order shall not
conflict any rights acquired in respect of property before the charge is actually registered
Sec 88: Register of member
1) Every company is required to maintain the following registers

a) Register of members separately for equity shareholder and preference shareholder
b) Register of debenture holders
c) register of security holders
2) Every Register shall include an index of the names
3) The register and index of beneficial owners maintained by the depository shall be
deemed to be the register for the purpose of the Act
4) A company if authorised by Articles , keep in any country outside India called Foreign
Register containing the names and particulars of member/ debenture holders/
beneficial owner/ other holders residing outside India
5) In case of default
Company and Every officer
Fine
Minimum :-RS 50, 000
Maximum :-RS 3 lakhs
In case of continuing default, a fine of Rs 1000 every day during the failure continues

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Sec 89: Declaration in respect of
beneficial interest in any share
1) Where the name of person is entered in the Register of Members but who does not
hold the beneficial interest such person shall make declaration within prescribed
time specifying the name and other particulars of who hold the beneficial interest
2) Every person who hold / acquires a beneficial interest make a declaration of the
company specifying the nature of his interest and particulars of the person
3) Where there is a change occurs in the beneficial interest of the company the person
and the beneficial owner have to make declaration within 30 days
4) The Central Government may make rules for manner of holding and disclosing
beneficial interest and beneficial ownership under this section
5) If a person fails to make a declaration without any reasonable cause he shall be

punishable
Fine Rs 50000
where the failure is continuing, Rs 1000 for every day after the first failure till the
default continues
6) Where declaration is made to company the company shall make a note of such
declaration with such fees / additional fees
7) If a company fails to do so before the expiry of time specified the company and every
officer of the company
Fine:- Minimum:- Rs 500
Maximum:-Rs 1000
Where failure is continuing one , further fine which extends to Rs 1000 every
day after the first failure during which failure continues
8) When a declaration is made by any person other than beneficial owner, Right shall be
enforceable against such person

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Sec 90: Investigation of beneficial
ownership of shares in certain cases
1) Where it appears to Central Government there are reasons to do it may appoint one
/ more competent persons to investigate and report with regards to beneficial
ownership shall apply , to the investigation
Sec 91: Power to close register of members

or debenture holders / security holders
1) A company can close the register of member/ debenture holders/ security holders/
for an aggregate period of 45 days in each yet but , it should not exceed 30 days at
one time
The notice for closing should be given at least 7 days or lesser period as SEBI
prescribe the listed companies /companies to get listed
In the case of violation of time limits, the company and every officer shall be liable to
following penalty RS 5000 for every day maximum upto Rs 5 lakhs
Sec 92: Annual Return
1) Every company preparing Annual return containing the particulars

(a) its registered office, principal business activities, particulars of its holding,
subsidiary and associate companies;
(b) its shares, debentures and other securities and shareholding pattern;
(c) its indebtedness;
(d) its members and debenture-holders along with changes therein since the close of
the previous financial year;
(e) its promoters, directors, key managerial personnel along with changes therein
since the close of the previous financial year;
(f) meetings of members or a class thereof, Board and its various committees

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along with attendance details;
(g) remuneration of directors and key managerial personnel;
(h) penalty or punishment imposed on the company, its directors or officers
and details of compounding of offences and appeals made against such penalty or
punishment;
(i) matters relating to certification of compliances, disclosures as may be
prescribed;
(j) details, as may be prescribed, in respect of shares held by or on behalf of the
Foreign Institutional Investors indicating their names, addresses, countries of incorporation,
registration and percentage of shareholding held by them; and
(k) such other matters as may be prescribed, which shall be signed by the
director and company secretary in case of no company secretary, company secretary in
practice
2) In case of OPC and small companies, the annual return shall be signed by Company
Secretary and in the case of no company secretary, the director of the company
3) The Annual return of the company having such a paid up capital and turnover shall be
certified by company secretary stating the annual return discloses the facts correctly
and adequately the company has complied with the provisions of the Act
4) An extract of the annual return in such prescribed form , shall form part of Board
Report
5) Every company shall file with Registrar within 60 days from the date of Annual
General meeting OR
where there is no AGM within 60 days from the days on which AGM should be held
with the explanatory statements and such fees/ additional fees
6) If a company fails to file the return with additional fees

the company shall be punishable Every officer
Fine Fine
Minimum :-Rs 50000 Minimum :-Rs 50000
Maximum :-Rs 5 lakhs Maximum :-Rs 5 lakhs
Imprisonment 6 month

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7) If a company secretary in practice certifies annual return with the requirement of
section / rules he shall be punishable
Fine Minimum :-Rs 50000
Maximum :-Rs 5 lakhs
Sec 93: Return to be filed with Registrar

in case of promoters stake changes
8) Every listed company shall file within 15 days with the Registrar in respect of the
change of shareholding of promoters and top 10 shareholders
Sec 94: Place of keeping and inspection of

register/ returns
1) The register and the annual report required to be maintained by the company shall
be maintained at the registered office of the company
2) It can be kept at other place when the following conditions are fulfilled
a) In case of other place more than 1/10 th of member entered in the Register of
member should reside
b) it should be by special resolution
c) A copy of the resolution shall be given in advance to the Registrar
3) The Register and indices , except when closed are open for inspection by any
member/ debenture holder/ security holder during business hours without payment
of fees
4) Any member/ debenture holder/ security holder/ other security holder shall take
extracts from any register without payment of fees require copy of register on
payment of fees

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5) In the event of refusal of inspection or granting copies of register the company and
every officer who is in default shall be liable to pay penalty
Minimum :-Rs 1000 Maximum :-Rs l lakh
6) The Central Government , may also direct the inspection or direct the extract be
allowed to the person requiring it
Sec 95: Register to be evidence
The register, copies of annual returns maintained under sec 88 and sec 94 shall be primary
evidence of any matter authorised to be inserted in the Act
Sec 96: Annual General meeting
1) Every Company shall in each year in addition to all the meeting , general meeting and
specify notice calling it
Period of General meeting
a. Not more than 15 months between 2 general meeting
b. In the case of first annual general meeting 9 month from the closing of first
financial year company
c. In other case - 6 months from the date of closing of financial year
2) If the company holds its first annual general meeting it shall not be necessary to hold
any general meeting in the year of incorporation
3) The Registrar may extend for the maximum period of 3 months
4) Every AGM shall be held at the business hours. Every AGM shall held on any day
other than National Holiday. Every AGM shall be held at the registered office of the
company

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Sec 97: Power of the Tribunal to call
general meeting
1) If any default is made in holding Annual General Meeting. The tribunal may on the
application of members call or direct the holding of AGM and give ancillary or
consequential directions as required
2) A general meeting called by the Tribunal shall be deemed as a general meeting called
by the company
Sec 98: Power of the Tribunal to call

meeting of members
1) If for any reason it is not possible to call AGM. The tribunal may suo moto or on
application of any director or member would be entitled to vote at the meeting
2) The meeting will be held and conducted in such manner as Tribunal think fit
3) Give such ancillary or consequential directions as the Tribunal thinks expedient,

including directions modifying or supplementing in relation to the calling, holding and
conducting of the meeting, the operation of the provisions of this Act or articles of
the company:
4) A general meeting called by the Tribunal shall be deemed as a general meeting called
by the company
Sec 99: Punishment for not complying with

the provisons of 96 to 98

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1.) Punishment
Fine: Rs 5 lakhs Fine: Rs 5 lakhs
In the case of continuing default the fine may extend to Rs 5000 for every day during the
default continues
Sec 100: Call an Extra Ordinary General

Meeting
1) Board shall proceed to call EGM at the requisition made by members holding on the
date of receipt of requisition
2) At least 1/10 of share capital carrying voting right (in case of company having share
capital or capital) as on the date of receipt of requisition
1/10 of total voting power (in case of company not having share CAPITAL) as on
date of requisition
3) The meeting can be called by the requisitions in case of no meeting is held within 45
days from the date of receipt of requisition
4) Such meeting held by the requisitions within 3 months from the date of such
requisition
5) All the reasonable expenses shall be reimbursed to the requisitions by the company
and sums so paid shall be deducted from any fee or other remuneration under sec
197 payable to such directors who were in default

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Sec 101: Notice of meeting
1) 21 days clear notice either in writing should be given through electronic mode in
such manner as per rules
2) Notice must specify the date , place , hour of the meeting , and contains agenda
3) The notice of every meeting of the company shall be given to

(a) every member of the company, legal representative of any deceased member or
the assignee of an insolvent member;
(b) the auditor or auditors of the company; and
(c) every director of the company.
4) Accidental omission or non-receipt of notice does not invalidate the meeting
Sec 102: Statement to be annexed to notice
1) In case of any business other than Ordinary Business a statement setting out general
meeting shall be annexed to the notice convening such meeting, namely:
(i) Nature of concern or interest, financial or otherwise, if any, relatives of the

Director, manager or KMP in respect of each items of every director and the
manager, if any and every other KMP and
(ii) Any other information and facts that may enable members to understand thereon
the meaning, scope and implications of the items of business and to take decision
(iii) Where any special business in the meeting of Company affects or shall be stated
in the said statement, if that shareholding is 2% or more relates any other company then
shareholding of promoter, directors, manager and KMP
(iv) Where any item of business refers to any documents, which is to shall also be
specified in the statement be considered at the meeting, the time and placedwhere the
documents can be inspected

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Special Business in AGM means all businesses other than Auditors.
Appointment of Directors in place of retiring and appointment of and fixation of

remuneration of auditors
In case of any other General Meeting all business shall be special.
In case of benefit arises due to non-disclosure of aforesaid material trust for the benefit of
the Company facts in the statement by promoters/directors/ manager/ KMP than the same
shall be held in
DEFAULT
Every promoter, director, manager or other managerial personnel
Fine:-Rs 50,000 or 5 times amount benefit accruing the promoters, director, manager
SEC 103: QUORUM FOR MEETINGS
1) In case of public company

Members more than 1000 5 members
Members >1000 but<5000 15 members
Members >5000 30 members
2) In case of private company 2 members shall constitute quorum
3) If the quorum is not present within half an hour of the time appointed for holding the
meeting
a) the meeting shall stand adjourned to the same day in the next week at the
same time and place, or to such other date and such other time and place as the Board may
determine; or
(b) the meeting, if called by requisitionists under section 100, shall stand
cancelled:
If at the adjourned meeting also, a quorum is not present within half-an-hour from the time
appointed for holding meeting, the members present shall be the quorum.

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Sec 104: Chairman of the meeting
1) Members personally present at the meeting shall elect one of themselves to be

chairman thereof in show of hands
2) If poll is demanded on the elections of the Chairman, Chairman elected on show of

hands shall continue to be Chairman of the meeting until some other person is
appointed as Chairman
Sec 105: Proxies
1) Any member entitled to attend and vote in the meeting of company shall appoint a
proxy to attend and vote as proxy to attend on his behalf
2) a) Proxy shall not have right to speak

b) Proxy shall not be entitled to vote
c) Central Government may prescribe class or classes of companies whose member
shall not be entitled to appoint proxy
d) Every company having share capital , or where the articles provide the notice shall
contain a statement of member entitled to attend and vote is entitled to appoint
proxy and proxy need not be a member
3) In case of default every officer of the company who is in default shall be punishable
with fine of RS 5000
4) The proxy form should be deposited within 48 hours before the meeting , by
depositing the proxy form
5) The instrument of proxy shall be in writing and signed by the appointer or his
attorney duly authorised in meeting under the seal or signed by an officer / attorney
duly authorised in meeting

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6) Every member entitled to vote shall inspect the proxies lodged within the business
hours of the company provided a notice is given at least 3 days before.
7) For the purpose of any meeting of the company any person to be appointed as proxy
out of the person specified in the company invitation at the expense of the company.
Every officer of the company who knowingly issues invitation shall be punishable with
fine which may extend to Rs 1 lakh
Sec 106: Restriction on voting rights
1) The Articles that no member shall exercise voting profit in respect of any shares
registered on which calls have not been paid in regards to which the company has
exercised any right of lien
2) On a poll taken meeting a company , member entitled to vote or his proxy as the
case may be , need not if he votes , use all his votes or cast in the same way he uses
Sec 107: Voting by show of hands
1) At the general meeting , unless decided that the vote will on poll , or electronically
voting will be show by hands
2) A declaration by the Chairman of meeting of passing resolution , and entry to the

effect in the books containing minutes of the meeting shall be conclusive evidence of
the fact of passing resolution or otherwise

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Sec 108: Voting through Electronic means
The Central Government may prescribe the class or classes of companies and the manner in
which member may exercise vote by electronic means
Sec 109: Demand on poll
1) Before the declaration of results, a poll may be ordered by taken Chairman of the
meeting on his own motion
2) In case a company having share capital and having not less than 1/10th of total
voting power or holding share on which aggregate sum of not less than 5 lakh rupees
or such higher amount as prescribed paid up
3) In case of other company , by members present in proxy and having not less than
1/10th of total voting power
4) The demand for a poll may be withdrawn at any time by the persons who made the
demand.
5) Poll demanded for the adjournment of the meeting or appointment of Chairman shall
be taken
6) A poll demanded on question other than adjournment of meeting shall be taken

within 48 hours from the time as the Chairman may direct
7) Where poll is taken , the Chairman may appoint a scrutinizer/s to scrutinise the poll
process and votes given on poll and report in the prescribed manner
8) The Chairman of the meeting shall have the power to regulate the manner in which
poll
9) The result of the poll shall be deemed to be the decision of the meeting

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Sec 110: Postal ballot
1) A company shall in respect of items of business as the Central government by

notification declare to be transacted by postal ballot
2) In the respect of any item of business , other than ordinary business and any business
in respect of which directors and auditors have a right to be heard of meeting will be
by means of postal ballot
3) If resolution is assented by requisite majority of the shareholders by means of postal
ballot it shall be deemed to have passed in general meeting
Sec 111: Circulation of Members Resolution
1) A company on the requisition of members

a) give notice to members which may be properly moved and intended to be
moved at meeting
b) Circulate to members any statement with respect to matters in proposed
resolution / business to be dealt at meeting
2) A company shall not be bound to give notice of any resolution / circulate any
statement unless
a) a copy of requisition signed by requisionist is deposited at the Registered
office of the company where the requisition requiring notice of resolution- at least 6 weeks
before the meeting in case of other requisitions - at least 2 weeks before the meeting
3) The company shall not be bound to circulate any statement if on the application
either by the company who claims to be aggrieved the Central government, declares
the right conferred are being misused to claim publicity in relation to any defamatory
matter
4) In case of an order made by the Central Government the cost incurred by the
company shall be paid to the company by the requisitionits even if they were not
parties to the application

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the company and every officer
shall be liable to pay penalty of Rs 25000
Sec 112: Representation of Presidentand

Governor in meeting
1) The president of India or Governor of the State if he is a member of the company

may appoint a representative at any meeting of the company
2) A person appointed to act shall for the purpose of the Act be deemed to be a
member of company and exercise the same rights and powers including a right of
proxy and postal ballot as the President / Governor exercise as a member of company
Sec 113: Representation of corporation at

meeting of companies and of creditors
1) A body corporate if
a. A member of company , may by resolution of its BOD authorise person as it
thinks to be representative at any meeting of any class of members of
company
b. Creditor/ debenture holder authorise such person as a representative held in
pursuance of Act/ debenture deed
2) A person authorised shall exercise the same rights and powers including the right to
vote by proxy/ postal ballot

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Sec 114: ordinary and special resolutions
1) What is ordinary resolution??

Ans When notice required under this Act and is required to be passed by votes cast
either by show of hands. Poll, electronically and includes casting vote of
Chairman also votes by proxy/ proxies
2) What is special resolution???

Ans (i) When the intention to propose the resolution as special resolution has been
duly specified in general meeting
(ii) The notice required under this Act has been given
(iii) The votes cast in favour of resolution , by whatever method are required to
be at least 3/4 the number of votes against the resolution by members so entitled and
voting
Sec 115: Resolutions requiring special

notice
Where according to the Act or articles in the Company special notice is required notice of
such resolution to move such resolution holding not less than 1 percent of total voting
power on which aggregate sum holding does not exceed Rs 5 lakhs
Sec 116: Resolution passed at adjourned

meeting
Where a resolution is passed at an adjourned meeting of

(a) a company; or
(b) the holders of any class of shares in a company; or
(c) the Board of Directors of a company,
The resolution shall, for the purposes shall be treated as passed on the date on which it is
passed

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Sec 117: Resolutions and agreements to be
filed
1) A copy of every resolution / agreement/along with explanatory statements shall be

filed with the Registrar within 30 days with such fees as may be prescribed
2) If a company fail to file the resolution or agreement before expiry of the period
under Sec 403 with additional fee
The company shall be punishable with Every officer including liquidator
Fine:-
Minimum :-Rs 5 lakhs Minimum Rs 1 lakhs
Maximum :-Rs 25 lakhs Maximum Rs 5 lakhs
3) The provisions of section shall

a) special resolution
b) resolution which have been agreed by all the members of the company if
resolutions not agreed, not have been effective unless passed by special
resolution
c) resolution by BOD , agreement executed by company, relating to
appointment reappointment or variation of the term of appointment of a
managing director
d) resolution / agreement which have been agreed by class of members and if
not agreed would not effective unless they are passed by specified majority and all
resolutions are binding
e) resolutions passed by company according to consent to the exercise by its
BOD
f) resolutions requiring company to be wound up voluntarily
g) resolution passed in pursuance of sec 179(3)
h) any other resolutions

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Sec 118: Minutes of the proceeding of AGM/
Board
1) The minutes of every meeting and very resolution passed by postal ballot prepared
and signed and kept within 30 days of conclusion of meeting
2) The minutes of each meeting must contain a fair and correct
3) All the appointments made shall be included in the minutes of the meetings
4) In case of the meeting of BOD the minutes shall also contain

(a) the names of the directors present at the meeting; and
(b) in the case of each resolution passed at the meeting, the names of the
directors, if any, dissenting from, or not concurring with the resolution.
5) There following should not be included in minutes

1) any matter which in the opinion of the Chairman of the meeting
(a) is or could reasonably be regarded as defamatory of any person; or
(b) is irrelevant or immaterial to the proceedings; or
(c) is detrimental to the interests of the company.
6) The minutes shall be evidence of the proceeding recorded
7) Where the minutes have been kept in accordance with the act, the meeting shall
be deemed to have been duly called and held all proceeding have taken place and
the resolutions passed by the postal ballot have passed all appointments of
directors/auditors/ company secretary/ managerial personnel shall be valid
8) No report of the proceedings of any general meeting shall be circulated /

advertised at the expense of the company if it does not any matter required by
section to be contained in the minutes of meetings
9) Every company shall observe the secretarial standards with respect to Board/
General meetings specified by ICSI and approved by Central Government

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10) If default is made in complying
a company shall be liable to every officer of the company
penalty -RS 25000 penalty -RS 5000
11) If a person is found guilty of tampering with the minutes of meeting he shall be
punishable Imprisonment :- 2 years
Fine : Minimum :-Rs 25000
Maximum :- Rs 100000
Sec 119: Inspection of minute books of

general meeting
1) The books containing the minutes of the meeting

a) shall be kept at the Registered office of the company
b) be open during the business hours without any charge
It shall be kept open for minimum of 2 hours a day for inspection
2) Any member shall be entitled a copy of minutes within 7 days of he making request
to the company
3) If inspection is refused/ member is not entitled copy is not furnished

Fine :- Rs 25000 Rs 5000
4) In case of any refusal/ default , the Tribunal by order direct an immediate

inspection of minute book or direct to give the copies of the minutes to the person
requiring it

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Sec 120: Maintenance and inspection of
documents in electronic form
Any document/ record/ register/ minutes required to be kept at the company allowed to be
inspected / copies to be given to any person shall be kept in electronic form
Sec 121: Report on AGM
1) Every listed public company shall prepare a report on each AGM confirming that the
meeting was convened , held conducted as per the provisions of this Act
2) The Company shall file with the Registrar a copy of such report within 30 days of
completion of AGM with normal fees or additional fees as the case may be
3) If the company fails to file the annual report within the time in sec 403 with
additional fee
Company Every officer of the company
Fine:-
Minimum :-Rs 1 lakh RS 25000
Maximum :-Rs 5 lakh Rs 1 lakh
Sec 122: Applicability to One person

Company
1) The provision of sec 98 and sec 100 to sec 111 ( both inclusive ) not applicable to OPC
2) For the person of section 114,in case of One Person company the resolution is
communicated by the member and entered the minutes book and shall be required
to be signed & dated by such director for the purposes of Act
3) Where , there is only one director and in case of any business is transacted at the
meeting of BOD then in case of such OPC the resolution of such meeting shall be
signed and dated by such director and such date shall be deemed to be date of
meeting of BOD

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Sec 123: Declaration of dividend
1) Dividend for the company can be paid in financial years

a) out of the profits of the current year after providing for depreciation
b) out of profit for last year after providing for depreciation
c) out of money provided by Central Government or State Government
in pursuance of guarantee given by the government
2) The company before the declaration of dividend transfer a percentage of profit in its
Financial year to Reserve
3) In the case of absence of profit the company decides to declare dividend out of
accumulated profits the company should transfer such percentage to Reserves as
prescribed by the rules
4) No Dividend shall be declared out of its reserves other than free reserves
5) The depreciation shall be provided in accordance with provisions of Section II
6) In case of excess profits, the Board of Directors can declare interim dividend
7) In the case of loss during the current financial year, such interim dividend shall not be
declared at a rate higher than average dividends declared by company during 3
preceding financial years
8) The amount of dividend including the interim dividend shall be deposited within 5
days in scheduled bank
9) No dividend shall be paid except to the registered shareholder
10) However this section does not prohibit capitalisation for the purpose of issuing
fully paid bonus shares
11) The shareholders can be paid dividend through warrant or cheque or in

electronic mode where the dividend is payable in cash

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Sec 124: Unpaid dividend
1) Where dividend has been declared by the company but has not been paid within 30
days to any shareholder then, within 7 days from the expiry of 30 days the amount
shall be deposited in separate account maintained with the Scheduled bank called as
"Unpaid Account"
2) The company within 90 days of transferring the amount to unpaid dividend account
make a statement containing the names , last known addresses and unpaid dividend
and put on its website of the company , and any other website approved by Central
Government
3) If any default has been done of not transferring unpaid dividend to " Unpaid
Dividend" then the company shall pay interest @12% and the interest accruing shall
be made to the members
4) If the amount remaining unpaid in " unpaid account " is for more than 7 years then
such amount will be transferred to " Investor Education Protection Fund"
5) In the case of default

by the company by every officer
Fine:- Fine:-
Minimum : - RS 5 lakhs Minimum: - Rs 1 lakhs
Maximum: - Rs 25 lakhs Maximum: - Rs 5 lakhs

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Sec 125: Investor Protection Fund
1) The Central Government shall establish a fund called " Investor Protection fund"
2) Following amount shall be credited to the Fund

a) Amount given by the Central Government by way of grants
b) Donation given by the Central government, State Government, Companies and
other institutions.
c) Amount of unpaid amount transferred by the companies
d) amount in the "General Revenue" of the Central Government transferred under
sec 205 under Companies Act 1956
e) Amount lying in the Investor Protection fund as per companies Act 1956
f) the interest or other income received out of investments made from the Fund;
(g) the amount received under sub-section (4) of section 38;
(h) the application money received by companies for allotment of any securities and
due for refund;
(i) matured deposits with companies other than banking companies;
(j) matured debentures with companies;
(k) interest accrued on the amounts referred to in clauses (h) to (j);
(l) sale proceeds of fractional shares arising out of issuance of bonus shares, merger
and amalgamation for seven or more years;
(m) redemption amount of preference shares remaining unpaid or unclaimed for
seven or more years; and
(n) such other amount as may be prescribed:
3) The fund shall be utilised

a) refund in respect unclaimed dividends, matured deposit , matured debentures ,
application money due for refund
b) promotion of investor education awareness and protection
c) reimbursement of legal expenses incurred in pursuing class action under sec 37
and sec 245
d) to give out any profits to eligible and identifiable applicants for shares ,
debentures, shareholder, debenture holder who have suffered losses due to wrong action
by any person
e) any other purposes incidental

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4) After the expiry of 7 years as per the provision of Companies Act 1956, any amount in
relation sec (a) to(d) of 2
5) The Central Government an authority for administration of Fund , consisting of a

Chairperson and such other members that the maximum number of member will be
7
6) The manner of administration of the Fund, appointment of chairperson, members
and chief executive officer, holding of meetings of the authority shall be in
accordance with such rules as may be prescribed.
7) The Central Government will provide the Authority officers , resources as per the
need of the Authority and as per the prescribed rules
8) The Authority shall maintain the fund and maintain separate accounts and other
relevant records in consultation with the Comptroller and Auditor General of India
9) The accounts shall be audited by the Comptroller at intervals and such audited
accounts as well as report shall be forwarded annually to the Central Government
10) The Central Government shall lay down the audit report and accounts before
each House of Parliament
Sec 126: Right to Dividend, bonus shares to

be held in abeyance pending registration
of transfer of shares
1) Where any instrument of transfer has delivered to company for registration , and
such transfer has not been registered then
a) transfer the dividend payable to the transferor to unpaid dividend account,
unless the company is authorised by the Registered holder of shares to transfer the
dividend in the name of transferee
b) keep pending in relation to such shares any offer of right shares and any
issue of bonus shares

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Sec 127: Punishment for failure to
distribute dividends
1) Where the dividend has declared by company or warrant has not been posted within
30 days from the date of declaration to any shareholders
Every director of the company
Imprisonment 2 years
Fine Rs 1000 for every day during default
and
Company Simple interest rates @18 p.a
Provided that no offence under this section shall be deemed to have been committed:
(a) where the dividend could not be paid by reason of the operation of any law;
(b) where a shareholder has given directions to the company regarding the payment of the
dividend and those directions cannot be complied with and the same has been
communicated to him;
(c) where there is a dispute regarding the right to receive the dividend;
(d) where the dividend has been lawfully adjusted by the company against any sum due to it
from the shareholder; or .
(e) where, for any other reason, the failure to pay the dividend or to post the warrant
within the period under this section was not due to any default on the part of the company.
SEC 128: Books of Account etc by the

Company
1) Every Company at its Registered office keep books of account and other relevant
paper for every financial year giving true and fair view of the state of affairs of the
company
Note- The books of account shall be both of the Registered office as well as of the branch
office the books will be in the accrual system the accounting system followed will be of
double entry system

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2) When the books are kept in other place, then the books of account will be kept at the
place decided by the BOD the company will in 7 days file with the Registrar a notice
stating the full address of the other place
3) The books of account kept at the branch office in India or outside if proper books of
accounting are kept both branch office and summarised returns periodically are sent
to the Registered office
4) The books of account and other relevant paper maintained in India shall be open at
the Registered office by directors during business hour
5) In the case of financial information maintained outside India copies of such financial
information shall be maintained and produced for inspection by any director
Note-The inspection done at the subsidiary will be done by the person authorised by a
resolutions by BOD
6) When an inspection is being conducted the officers and the employees of the
company will cooperate with the person conducting the inspection
7) The books of accounts shall be maintained for previous eight years and if there are
less than 8 years , all the years
Note-In the case of inspection by the Central Government, the books may be maintained
for longer time
8) In the case of default - Managing director/whole time director in charge of finance/

chief financial officer contravenes the provision the
Imprisonment: 1year
Fine: Minimum Rs 50, 000
Maximum Rs 5 lakhs

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Sec 129: Financial statements
1) The financial statement shall give true and fair view of the state of affairs of the
company or companies comply with the accounting standards under sec 133
2) The financial statements will be in form of forms provided for different class or
classes of companies in schedule III
3) This rule will not be applicable to insurance company/banking company/company

engaged in electricity or on any another class for which financial statement has been
mentioned under that respective Acts
4) Financial statements will be presented in Annual general meeting by Board of

Directors
5) When company has one or more subsidiaries , it shall in addition to financial

statements of the company and of subsidiaries which shall be laid in the annual
general meeting
6) The provisions of this Act applicable to the preparation , adoption and audit of the
financial statement of holding company and it shall also apply for consolidated
financial statements
7) Where in the financial statement does not comply with accounting standards, the
company shall disclose its financial statement , deviation from accounting standard ,
reasons and effect on financial statement
8) The Central government may on application , or suomotu exempt any class or classes
of companies from complying in this requirement if it is in the public interest
9) If Company contravenes the provision of the section; Managing Director/Chief

Financial officer/ other persons by the Board
All the directors shall be punishable with
Imprisonment 1 year
Fine Rs 50,000

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Sec 130: Reopening of accounts on courts
or Tribunals order
1) A company shall not reopen its book of account and not recast any financial
statement unless an application has been made to the Central Government, Income
tax, SEBI or Court / Tribunal, or any person concerned
2) Conditions for reopening

a) the earlier accounts were made in the fraudulent manner
b) the affairs of the company were managed in the manner casting a doubt on
the reliability of the financial statement
3) The books can be reopened or statements can be recasted only when the Court or
the Tribunal gives permission to the concerned authority by way of notice
4) The accounts so revised or recasted shall be final
Sec 131: Voluntary revision of financial

statement or Board Report
1) When in the opinion of the directors the financial statement/ Board's report do not
comply with sec 129 or sec 134 they may prepare revised financial statement or
revised report for the 3 preceding financial years after obtaining the approval of the
tribunal.
2) The approval of Tribunal can be obtained only after the Company makes an
application in the prescribed form and copy of tribunal shall be filed with the
Registrar
3) Tribunal shall give notice to the Central Government and the Income tax authorities
and shall take into the consideration the representation made by the authorities
before passing an order

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4) The revised financial statement shall both be prepared/ filed for more than one year
5) The detailed reason for revision of such financial statement / report shall be disclosed
in the Board's Report in the financial year in which revision is made
6) Where the copies of previous financial statement / report have been given to
member/ delivered/ laid in the Annual General meeting the revision should be
confined to the provision of section 129/134 and can be made by making subsequent
alterations
7) The Central Government may make rules regarding the application relating to
financial statements and such rules
a) making of provisions according to which the previous financial statement was
replaced or is supplemented by a document containing the corrections to be made
b) making provision with the respect to the functions of company auditor in relation
to the company financial statement
Sec 132: Constitution of the National

Financing Reporting Authority
1) The Central government has to constitute a National Financing Reporting authority

to provide for matters relating to accounting and auditing standards
2) The National Financing Authority shall

a) make recommendation to Central Government on formulation and laying
down of accounting policies and standard for adoption by companies
b) monitor and improve the accounting and auditing standards
c) see the quality of professionals with ensuring compliance with such
standards and just measures for improvement
3) Composition of National Financing Authority

a) chairperson -who shall be a person of eminence and having expertise in
accountancy, law, finance appointed by Central government
b) and maximum 15 members either full time or part time

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4) Conditions for appointment
a) The chairperson shall make a declaration to the Central Government stating
there is no conflict of the interest or lack of independence in respect of his
appointment
b) The chairperson and other members associated with the authority shall not
be associated with any audit firm during the course of appointment and after 2 years
the cease to be a member
Powers of National Financing Authority

a) the power to investigate either suomoto or reference made by the central
government in the matters of professional misconduct committed by any member of firm of
CA.
Note: When any proceedings has been initiated but National Financing Authority, no other
authority can initiate proceedings
b) The Authority has the powers of the Civil courts as in the Code of Civil Procedure
1) Discovery and production of boos of accountant other document at such
place as may be specified by the Authority
2) Summoning & enforcing the attendance of persons and examining their oath
3) Inspection of any books, registers and other documents
4) issuing commission for examination of witnesses or documents
Where professional conduct has been proved, have power order for
i) imposing penalty Rs 1 lakh but maximum 5 times in the case of individuals
Rs 10 lakhs but maximum 10 times in case of firms
ii) debarring a person from ICAI for a minimum of 6 months and maximum
period decided by National financing authority
5) Any person aggrieved may appeal before the Appellate Authority
6) The Central Government may constitute the an Appellate Authority constituting of

chairperson and not more than 2 members to be appointed by the Central
Government for hearing appeals arising out of orders of the National Financing
Authority

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7) The qualifications for appointment of chairperson and members of appellate
authority , manner of selection , terms and conditions of their service and the
requirements of supporting staff to be followed by Appellate Authority as prescribed
8) The fees for filing the appeal may be prescribed
9) The officer authorised by Appellate Authority its annual report giving account of
activities and forward a copy to the Central Government and the Central Government
shall cause the annual report to be laid before each House of Parliament.
10) The national financing authority shall meet at such times and such manner and rules
in regards to transaction
11) The Central Government may appoint secretary and such other employees as may
consider necessary for the efficient performance and the terms and conditions of service of
secretary and employees hall be prescribed
12) the Ho shall be at New Delhi and the authority may meet at such places in India as it
deems fit
13) The books of account will be maintained by the authority in such manner and such
form as the Central govt. with comptroller of audit general decide
14) The accounts may be audited by the Comptroller at intervals and the audit report may
be forwarded by the Authority to the Central Government
15)The annual report giving full account of its activities during the financial year shall be
forwarded by the Authority and it shall forward the copy to the Central government who
will forward the report along with the audit report which will be laid before House of
Parliaments

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Sec 133: Central Governments to prescribe
accounting standards
The Central Government may prescribe standards of accounting or any addendum by ICAI in
consultation with and after examination of the recommendation of the authority
Sec 134: Financial statement. Board Report
1) The CFS and the financial statement shall be approved by the board before they are
signed by the Board by chairperson where he is authorised by the Board or by 2
directors, out of which one shall be MD and CFO and the company secretary
Note: The CFO can sign only if he is the director of the company
2) The auditors report are attached to the financial statement
3) The following shall be attached to the financial statement
A) in case of general meeting , a board of Directors report which shall include the
following :
(a) the extract of the annual return as provided under sub-section (3) of section 92;
(b) number of meetings of the Board;
(c) Directors Responsibility Statement;
(d) a statement on declaration given by independent directors under sub-section
(6) of section 149
B) In case of company covered under sec 178(1)
a) company policy of directors
b) appointment and remuneration
c) qualification
d) positive attributes
e) independence of directors
C) Explanation made by Board on every qualifications / reservations / disclaimer

made by auditors & by company secretary in practice in his report

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D) Particulars of loans / guarantees or investment under section 186
E) state of company affair
F) the amount of dividend to be paid
G) the amount of reserves to be carried forward
H) Material change and commitment affecting any financial position of
company between the end of the year of financial statement and date of financial report
I) Conservation of energy/ technological absorption / foreign exchange
earnings and outflow
J) statement indicating development and implementation of risk management
policy including identification of element of risk
K) Details of corporate social responsibility policy of the company
L) Annual evaluation made by the Board of its own performance of its
committee and individual directors in case of public companies
4) The report of Board of Directors to be attached to the financial statement means a

report containing explanation of Board on every adverse remarks / disclaimer by the
auditor
5) The Directors Responsibility statement shall state that

a) in preparation of annual accounts, applicable accounting standards have
been used
b) The directors have used proper accounting policies so has to give true and
fair view of state of affairs of company
c) proper accounting records have been maintained in the case of safeguarding
of fixed assets
d) the accounts are ongoing concern basis
e) the internal controls laid by the company are adequate and operating
efficiently
6) The Board Report shall be signed by the Chairperson( if he is authorised) if the

chairperson is not authorised
7) A signed copy of every financial statement shall be issued and circulated along with
a) any notes annexed to or forming part of such financial statement;
(b) the auditors report; and
(c) the Boards report

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8) In case of contravention,
the company shall be every officer
Fine: Minimum :-Rs 50000 Rs 50000
Maximum RS 25 lakhs RS 5 lakhs
or
Imprisonment 3 years
or
both
Sec 135: Corporate Social Responsibility
1) Every company having Net Worth of Rupees Five Hundred Crore or more
or
Having turnover of Rupees One thousand crore
or
Having Net profit of Rupees Five Crore or more
Shall constitute a CSR committee of the Board consisting of 3 or more directors, of

which 1 director shall be independent director
2) The Boards Report shall disclose the composition of CSR committee
3) The CSR shall,

a. formulate and recommend to a Board , a CSR policy which will indicate the
activities to be undertaken by the company
b. recommend the amount of expenditure to be incurred on the activities
undertaken by the company
c. monitor the CSR policy from time to time
4) The Board of every company shall

a) after taking into account the recommendation of CSR committee, approve
the CSR policy for the company and disclose content of such policy in its report and
place it on the company website
b) ensure the activities as included in CSR policy of the company are
undertaken by company

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5) The Board shall ensure that the company spends in every financial year at least 2% of
average profits of the company during 3 immediately preceding financial year for
CSR
6) The company shall give preference to the local area for the amount to be spent to
CSR activities
7) If the company fails to spend such amount in its report , specify the reason for not
spending the amount
Note Average profit shall be calculated in accordance with the provision so Sec 198
Sec 136: Right of member to copies of

audited financial statement
1) A copy of financial statement including Consolidated Financial statement & Auditors

report and every other documents required by law to be annexed or attached to
financial statements which are laid before a company its general meeting shall be
sent for every member of the company to every trustee of debenture holder of
debentures and all persons other than such member or trustee not less than 21 days
before the date of meeting
2) In case of a limited company if the copies of the document are available for
inspection at its registered office, during working hours for a period of 21 days before
the date of meeting and a statement containing salient features is sent to every
member of the company, every trustee for the holders of any debenture issued not
less than 21 days before meeting unless the shareholder ask for full financial
information
3) The manner of circulation of such documents is prescribed by the Central

Government

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4) A listed company shall its financial statement CFS , and all other documents required
to be attached which is maintained on behalf of the company
5) Every company having a subsidiary/ subsidiaries shall place separate audited reports
provide a copy of separate audited financial statements in respect of each of its
subsidiary
6) A company shall allow every member or trustee of holder of debentures at its

registered office during business hour.
7) Default: Company Penalty:-Rs 25000

Every officer- Penalty- Rs 5000
Sec 137: Copy of the financial statement to

be filed with the Registrar
1) A copy of financial statement shall be filed within 30 days from the date of AGM with
such fees or additional fees as may be prescribed
2) In case of adjourned AGM , such financial statements shall be adopted within 30 days
of adjourned AGM
3) In case of subsidiaries , the financial statements shall include the accounts of such
subsidiaries
4) In case of not holding AGM, the financial statements shall be filed along with the
reason for not holding the AGM within 30 days from the date in which the AGM was
required to be held along with the appropriate fees/ late fees.

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Company Managing director/CFO/ other officers of the Board

Fine Fine
One thousand rupees for every day Minimum :-RS 1lakh
maximum upto Rs ten lakh rupees Maximum :-Rs 5 lakh
or
Imprisonment: 6 months
or
Both
Sec 138: Internal Audit
1) The Board decides the class of companies where internal auditors are appointed, who
shall be either a CA or CS or professional to conduct the internal audit of companies
2) The Central Government may by rules prescribe the manner and the interval in which
internal audit shall be conducted and reported by the Board
Sec 139: Appointment of Auditors
1) Every Company shall at the first annual general meeting , appoint any individual or
firm as an auditor who shall hold the office from the end of meeting to its sixth
general meeting and from thereafter till the end of the sixth meeting( i.e 12th)
meeting and procedure of selection by the auditor
Conditions
i) The company shall at every general meeting relating to such appointment
and ratification
ii) Before such appointment, written consent of auditor and a certificate from
him if made in accordance shall be obtained the auditor

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iii) The certificate shall also indicate whether the auditor satisfies the criteria
provided in sec 141
iv) The company shall inform the auditors concerned of his appointment with
the Registrar within 15 days of the meeting in which auditor is appointed
2) No listed company or company belonging to such class or classes of companies shall

appoint or reappoint
a) an individual as auditor for the term of 5 consecutive year
b) A firm as auditor for term of 5 consecutive years
Conditions
a) On the date of appointment no audit firm having a common partner or
partners to other audit firm whose tenure expired in company for 5 years from completion
b) Every company existing on or before the commencement of Act is required
to comply with the provisions of this section shall comply with the part of this section
within 3 years from the date of commencement of this Act
c) The Company can remove auditor or the Auditor can resign from the office
of the company and this section has nothing to do with the removal
3) A member of the company can resolve to provide

(a) in the audit firm appointed by it, the auditing partner and his team shall be
rotated at such intervals as may be resolved by members; or
(b) the audit shall be conducted by more than one auditor.
4) The Central Government may by rules prescribe the manner in which companies shall
rotate the auditors
5) In the case of Government companies, The Comptroller and audit General of India, in
respect of financial year , appoint an auditor qualified to be appointed for such
companies within 180 days of the commencement of the financial year who shall
hold office till the conclusion of General meeting
6) The first auditor of the Companies, other than Government company shall be
appointed by BOD within 30 days of registration of the company, and in case of
failure the members may appoint within 90 days in EGM
7) The first auditor of the Government companies shall be appointed by CAG within 60
days from the date of registration and in case of failure the BOD of directors within
next 30 days and in case of failure by the members of the company within 60 days in
EGM who shall hold office till conclusion in the next AGM

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8) Casual Vacancy in case of other companies
Other than Resignation Resignation
within 30 days by the within 3 month of the

BOD recommendation of Board
approved by company
shall hold office till the next AGM
9) In case of Government companies casual vacancy should be filled within 30 days
10) A retiring auditor may be reappointed

(a) he is not disqualified for re-appointment;
(b) he has not given the company a notice in writing of his unwillingness to be re-
appointed; and
(c) a special resolution has not been passed at that meeting appointing some other
auditor or providing expressly that he shall not be re-appointed.
11) Where at the annual general meeting , no auditor is appointed, the existing
auditor will continue
12) Where the company is required to constitute audit committee under sec 177
all matters relating to appointment , including filing of casual vacancy shall be done
by the committee
Sec 140: Removal of resignation of auditor

and giving of special notice
1) The auditors appointed by the company before the office shall be removed only by
special resolution after obtaining the previous approval of Central Government

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2) Before removing the auditor , the auditor should be given an opportunity of being
heard
3) The auditor who has resigned from company including Government companies within
30 days from the date of resignation , a statement in prescribed for with company
and the Registrar indicating the facts and other matters relating to resignation
Default
Fine :- Minimum:- Rs 50, 000
Maximum:-5 lakh Rs 5 lakhs
4) For person appointing other than auditor , special notice is required at the Annual
General Meeting special resolution is not required where the retiring auditor has
completed a consecutive tenure of 5 years or 10 years
5) On the receipt of such notice the company shall forward to the retiring auditor
6) Where the notice is receive by the auditor and the retiring auditor make objection
and request its notification to company and unless the notifications are received too
late the
a) in notice of resolution , state the fact of representation
b) send copy of the representation to every member of the company to whom
notice is sent
7) If the representations are received 2 late , then it will be read in the general meeting
8) Under the provisions of the Act, The tribunal in force whether suo motu or
application made to it by the Central Government if it is satisfied whether directly or
indirectly acted in fraudulent manner, direct the change its auditor
9) If the application is made of Central Government and Tribunal is satisfied that any
change in the auditor, it shall be 15 days of receipt make an order , that he shall not
function as an auditor in his place

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Sec 141: Eligibility of Qualifications and
Disqualification of Auditor
1) Qualification : i) He is a Chartered Accountant

ii) In case of firm including LLP, only chartered accountants shall be
authorised to act in the firm
Disqualification
(a) a body corporate other than a limited liability partnership registered under
the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008;
(b) an officer or employee of the company;
(c) a person who is a partner, or who is in the employment, of an officer or
employee of the company;
d) A person who is a relative or partner
i) is holding any security or interest in the company or its subsidiary or is
holding or associate company or subsidiary of such company
ii) is indebted to company in excess of amount as may be prescribed
iii) has given any guarantee or provided any security in connection with
the indebtedness of any third person for such amount as may be prescribed
e) A person or firm , whether directly or indirectly has business relationship
with the company or its subsidiary, or its holding or associate, company or subsidiary of
such holding company
f) A person who is a relative of director or is in the employment of the
company as director or key managerial personnel
g) A person who is in full employment elsewhere or a person or partner of a
firm holding its appointment as its auditor if such person is holding more than 20
companies on the date of appointment/ reappointment
h) A person who has been convicted by the court for fraud, and 10 years have
not elapsed
i) A person whose subsidiary or associate company or other form is engaged in
any form of service as mentioned in sec 144

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Sec 142: Remuneration of Auditors
1) The remuneration of the auditors will be fixed in the general meeting
2) The remuneration in addition shall be payable to an auditor include expenses ,

incurred by auditor in connection with the audit of company but does not include
any remuneration paid to him for any other services rendered by him at the request
of company
Sec 143: Right, duties of auditor and

accounting standard
1) Every auditor has the right to access, financial statements and voucher of the
company and shall be entitled to get such information from the officers has is
necessary for his performance
2) The auditor is require to inquire on the following matters

a) whether loans and advances are secured??
b) whether the loans are made on any terms which are prejudicial to the
interest of company???
c) whether transactions are mere book entries??
d) where loans and advances are showed as deposits??

e) where personal expenses are charged to revenue??
f) where the securities are sold for a price less than price purchased to be
company??
g) in case of shares, whether shares are allotted for cash , and in case of non-
cash , position shown in financial statement is not misleading
3) In the report made by the auditor to the Board the auditor shall state the following
a) the accounting and auditing standard followed
b) the information to the best of his knowledge are true
c) the financial statements shows true and fair view
4) The auditors report shall also state

a) whether the information sought by the auditor are to the best of his

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knowledge true
b) whether proper books of account have been maintained by the company
c) in case of branch audit , by any other person , such audit report is received
d) whether the company balance sheet and profit and loss agree with the
books
e) whether financial statement agree with accounting standard
f) whether directors suffers from any disqualification
g) any qualification , adverse mark relating to the maintenance of accounts
h) whether the company has adequate internal control systems and whether it
is operating effectively
i) any other matters
5) whether matters to be included in the auditor report is answered in negative or with

qualifications along with remarks
6) In case of Government company, the auditor will be appointed by the Comptroller

and audit general of India the audit report has to be submitted to the comptroller
and audit general the audit report shall also contains any directions given by the
comptroller , the actions taken and the effects on the financial statement
7) The Comptroller and audit general of India within 60 days from the date of audit
report
a) Conduct supplementary audit of financial statement and for such purposes
require information /information be furnished by person and is such form as comptroller
may direct
b) Comment upon and supplement on such audit report
8) In case of company covered under section 139(5) , the comptroller shall conduct test
audit and the provisions of section 19A shall apply
9) where the company has a branch office , the audit can be conducted by any person
appointed by company or other person qualified for appointment as an auditor.
10) where the branch office is situated outside the country , by company auditor or
any person qualified to act as auditor in accordance with the laws of the country, and
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the duties and power of company auditor with the reference to the audit of branch
and branch auditor
11) Every auditor shall comply with the auditing standards
12) The Central Government may prescribe any standards as recommended by ICAI
in consultation with examination and recommendation of National Financing
Reporting authority
13) In the course of audit, if the auditor has reason to believe that a offence is
being committed involving fraud by officer /s against company , then it is the duty of
the auditor to report such offence
14) The provisions of this section shall apply to cost accountant, company
secretary in practice
15) if any auditor, cost accountant or company secretary is in in fault he shall be

punishable
Fine
Minimum :-Rs 1 lakh
Maximum :-Rs 25 lakh
Sec 144: Auditor not to render certain

services
1) An auditor shall provide such services as prescribed by BOD/ Audit Committee which
may include following services directly or indirectly
(a) accounting and book keeping services;
(b) internal audit;
(c) design and implementation of any financial information system;
(d) actuarial services;
(e) investment advisory services;
(f) investment banking services;
(g) rendering of outsourced financial services;
(h) management services; and
(i) any other kind of services as may be prescribed:

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In case of any performance of non-audit services on or before the commencement of
the Act shall comply with the provisions of section before the closure of 1stfinancial year
after the date of commencement
Note: The word directly or indirectly refers to the work carried by the auditor himself or
through his relatives / partners or any individual/ firm who has significant control or whose
trademark is used by the firm/ individual
Sec 145: Auditor to sign auditors report
1) The person appointed as auditor of company shall sign auditor report or sign or
certify any other document in accordance with the provisions of Sec 141
2) The qualifications , observation or comment on functioning of company in the

auditors report shall be read before general meeting
The auditor report shall be available for inspection by any member of the company
Sec 146: Auditors to attend general

meeting
1) All the notices relating to general meeting shall be forwarded to the auditor by the
company
2) The auditor shall either in person or through authorised representative attend the
general meeting
3) The auditor has the right to be heard for such business concerned to him

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SEC 147: Punishment for contravention
1) If the provisions of sec 139-146 are contravened then punishment
Minimum :-Rs 25000 Rs 10000

Maximum : - Rs 5 lakh Rs 100000
Or
Imprisonment: 1 year
Or
Both
2) If the auditor contravenes any of the provisions of the Act the auditor shall pay fine
Minimum :-Rs 25000
Maximum :-Rs5 lakhs
3) If the auditor has contravened the provisions with the intention of mens -rea then he
will be punished to the same extent a as of the other officer
4) Where the auditor has been convicted

a) he shall be liable to refund the remuneration received by him to the
company
b) pay for the damages arising out of his misleading statements in the audit
report to the company statutory bodies
5) The Central Government by notification specify an statutory body or authority or

officer for ensuring prompt payment of damages to the company and such person file
a report with Central Government in respect of damages
6) In case of fraudulent manner in case of audit firm by company, its director, or officers
, liability whether civil or criminal in any law for the time being force jointly or
severally

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Sec 148: Central Government to specify
audit of terms of cost in respect of
companies
1) The Central Government in respect of companies engaged in production of such

goods direct that particulars relating to utilisation of material or labour as may be
prescribed included in the books of account
2) The central government may if necessary direct the cost audit of the company if the
net worth/ turnover prescribed and will be conducted in the manner
3) The audit shall be conducted by cost accountant in practice who shall be appointed
by such Board on remuneration determined by members
Note NO auditor under sec 139 as an auditor for conducting audit of cost records
4) An audit conducted in this section shall be in addition to the audit under sec 139
5) The qualification ,disqualifications , rights , duties applicable to cost auditor , and the
company shall give its full facilities to cost auditor appointed under section
6) After getting the audit report from the cost auditor, the company within 30 days
furnish the audit report to central government with such full information and
explanation on every reservation or qualification contained
7) If after going through the cost audit , the Central Government is of the opinion , it
shall ask for further details from the company
8) In case of default the company and every officers shall be punishable under section
147

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Cact150 Protected 3

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Cact150 Protected 3

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SEC 3: COMPANY FORMED FOR LAWFUL

NATURE PUBLIC COMPANY PRIVATE COMPANY ONE PERSON COMPANY

SUBSCRIBING NAMES TO MEMORANDUM OF ASSOSCIATION FOR PUBLIC COMPANY

FOR ONE PERSON COMPANY:-

COMPANY IN THE EVENT OF DEATH OR INCAPACITY OF THE SUBSCRIBER BECOME THE

@ Copyright: VIDHYA @ Compiled : KETAN SARDANA

INNCASE OF THE COMPANY BEING ALREADY REGISTERED

COMPANY LIMITED BY GUARANTEE AND NOT HAVING SHARE CAPITAL

@ Copyright: VIDHYA @ Compiled : KETAN SARDANA

Sec 6: Act to override Memorandum,

@ Copyright: VIDHYA @ Compiled : KETAN SARDANA

Provided the company is given the opportunity of being heard

@ Copyright: VIDHYA @ Compiled : KETAN SARDANA

@ Copyright: VIDHYA @ Compiled : KETAN SARDANA

1) From the date mentioned in the certificate of incorporation subscribers of the

SEC 10 Effect of memorandum and articles

@ Copyright: VIDHYA @ Compiled : KETAN SARDANA

Sec 12: Registered office of company

2) Verification of the Registered office shall be furnished to the Registrar within 30

@ Copyright: VIDHYA @ Compiled : KETAN SARDANA

@ Copyright: VIDHYA @ Compiled : KETAN SARDANA

@ Copyright: VIDHYA @ Compiled : KETAN SARDANA

Sec 15: Alteration of memorandum and

@ Copyright: VIDHYA @ Compiled : KETAN SARDANA

1) According to Central Government When a company on its first registration or new

2) when the name of the company or trademark is similar to an existing business,

Sec 17: Copies of the memorandum and

@ Copyright: VIDHYA @ Compiled : KETAN SARDANA

3) The debts , liabilities , obligations , contracts shall remain unaffected by conversion

Sec 19: Subsidiary company not to hold

b) where the subsidiary company holds it as trustees

c) where the subsidiary company holds it as shareholder

@ Copyright: VIDHYA @ Compiled : KETAN SARDANA

3) A member may request the documents to served through a specific medium by

Sec 21: Authentication of document

A document or contracts can be authenticated by getting it signed by any key

@ Copyright: VIDHYA @ Compiled : KETAN SARDANA

1) A bill of exchange, promissory note, hundi shall be deemed to be made accepted,

2) A company shall authorise any person as attorney either generally or in specific

Sec 23-Public issue

Through prospectus Private placements Right issues & bonus issues

Referred to as Public Comply with provision in accordance with

Through private placement Right/ bonus issues

In case of LISTED COMPANIES; with the provision of SEBI

@ Copyright: VIDHYA @ Compiled : KETAN SARDANA

1 Issue and transfer of securities 1 Matters relating to prospectus

2 Nonpayment of Dividend 2 Matters relating to allotment

4 other matters specified in the Act

Sec 25: Documents containing offer of

3) When can it be said the securities were made to the public??

4) Who shall sign in the prospectus??

@ Copyright: VIDHYA @ Compiled : KETAN SARDANA

@ Copyright: VIDHYA @ Compiled : KETAN SARDANA

If the provisions are not complied then

@ Copyright: VIDHYA @ Compiled : KETAN SARDANA

2) The notice containing the details of special resolution shall be published in 2

Sec 28: Offer of sale of share by certain

@ Copyright: VIDHYA @ Compiled : KETAN SARDANA