Solid State - 4 Marks Questions

1. Mention the characteristic properties of solid.

2. Mention the differences between crystalline solid and amorphous solid.

3. Explain the terms a) anisotropy b) isotropy. Why is crystalline solid anisotropic while
amorphous solid isotropic in nature?

4. What makes glass different from quartz? Under what condition quartz is converted to
glass?

5. Why are amorphous solids called pseudo solids or super cooled liquids?

6. How are crystalline solids classified on the basis of intermolecular forces? Give two
examples of each type and mention their properties.

7. Compare the properties of diamond and graphite on the basis of their structures.

8. Classify the following as ionic, metallic, molecular, covalent, or amorphous.

a) P4O10
b) (NH4)3PO4
c) I2
d) Plastic
e) graphite
f) Brass
g) Rb
h) LiBr
i) Si

9. How are molecular solids subdivided further? Give two examples each and mention their
properties.

10. Account for the following:

a) Glass panes fixed to windows of old buildings becomes slightly thicker at the bottom than
at the top.
b) NaCl(s) does not conduct electricity but it conducts either in molten state or in aqueous
solution.
c) Diamond is a non conductor while graphite is a conductor of electricity.
d) Diamond is hard while graphite is soft.
e) Graphite is a lubricant.
f) Ionic solids are hard and brittle.
g) MgO and NaCl are ionic solids but MgO has higher melting point than NaCl.
h) NaCl exhibit schottky defect and not frenkel defect.

11. Explain the terms

a) lattice point
b) crystal lattice
c) unit cell.

12. What are Bravis lattices? Mention the characteristics of a crystal lattice.

13. Mention the characteristics of a unit cell. Draw a neat diagram of a unit cell and show its
parameters.

14. What is the difference between primitive and centered unit cell?

15. Calculate the number of atoms in

a) SCC
b) BCC
c) FCC unit cells.

16. Mention the characteristics of seven primitive unit cells and their possible variation as
centered unit cells.

17. Name the centered unit cells and position of atoms in each centered unit cell.

18. What do you mean by coordination number? Give the coordination number of atoms in

a) one dimensional arrangement of atoms

b) square close packing in two dimension.
c) hexagonal close packing in two dimension
c) hexagonal close packing in three dimension
d) cubic close packing or fcc in three dimension
e) cation in triangular void.
f) cation in tetrahedral void
g) cation in cubic void
h) bcc

19. A compound has hexagonal close packing structure. Determine the total number of voids,
number of tetrahedral void, and number of octahedral voids in 0.5 mole of this compounds.

20. Calculate the number of octahedral and tetrahedral voids in unit cells of a)SCC b)BCC
c)FCC
21. Distinguish between

a) octahedral and tetrahedral voids

b) Schottky and Frenkel defect.
c) Hexagonal closed packing and cubic close packing
d) crystal lattice and unit cell.
e) para magnetism and ferro magnetism
f) hexagonal and monoclinic unit cell
g) face centered and end centered unit cell.

22. Calculate the % efficiency of packing in

a) SCC
b) BCC
c) FCC

23. If the radius of octahedral void is r and the radius of atoms in close packing is R, derive
the relationship between r and R.

24. What are interstitial defects? Mention its effect on density of a solid.

25. What is the effect of adding

a) SrCl2 to NaCl
b) CdCl2 to AgCl?

26. Explain the terms with suitable examples

a) Stoichiometric and non stoichiometric defects

b) F centre
c) Metal deficiency defect
d) 12-16 and 13-15 compounds
e) paramagnetism
f) diamagnetism
g) ferromagnetism
h) ferrimagnetism
i) antiferromagnetism

27. What happens when

a) NaCl crystal is heated with Na vapors

b) ZnO is heated
c) Fe3O4 is heated.

28. Explain n type and p type conduction with suitable examples.

29. Classify the following as n type or p type semi conductors.

a) Ge doped with In
b) B doped with Si.

30. In terms of band theory explain the differences between conductor , insulator, and semi
conductor. Draw a neat diagram to show the valence band and conduction band in conductor,
insulator and semi conductor.

31. Derive the expression for determining the density of unit cell.

Solid State - Numericals

1. Iron(II) oxide crystallize as Fe 0.93O. Find the %Fe2+ and Fe3+ in this compound

2. A Solid AB has NaCl structure. If the radius of cation A+ is 100 pm, what is the possible
maximum and minimum radius of anion B-

3. If the radius of Mg2+, Cs+, O2-,S2- and Cl- ion are 0.65 A0, 1.69 A0, 1.40 A0, 1.84 A0 and 1.81
A0 respectively. Find the coordination number of MgO,MgS and CsCl.

4. In corundum, oxide ion are in hcp and aluminium ion occupy 2/3 of the octahedral void.
What is the formula of aluminium oxide?

5. A cubic solid is made up of two elements P and Q. Q occupies corners of the cube and P
occupies the body centre. What is the formula of the compound?

6. In a crystalline solid anion C occupies ccp, cation A occupies 50% tetrahedral void and
cation B occupies 50% octahedral void. What is the formula of the compound?

7. If NaCl is doped with 10-3 mole % SrCl2 . What is the concentration of cation vacancies?

8. Sodium metal crystallizes in bcc with a cell edge of 4.3 A0. What is the radius of sodium
atom?

9. Copper crystallizes in fcc with a density 9g/cm3.Calculate the radius of copper atom
(Atomic mass of Cu=63)

10. Cr crystallizes in bcc with atomic diameter 250pm. Determine the density of unit cell.
(Atomic mass of Cr=52)

11. Calculate the value of Avagadro number. Given Density of unit cell of NaCl=2.165 g/cm3
Distance between Na+ and Cl- is 281pm. Atomic mass of NaCl= 58.5.
12. CsBr has bcc structure.a= 400pm Calculate the distance between Cs+ and Br-

13. KF has NaCl structure. Find the distance between K+ and F-. Density of unit cell= 2.5 g/
cm3 ( Molar mass of KF = 58 )

14. An element crystallizes in bcc. a = 288 pm. How many atoms are there in 208 grams of
this elements?

15. An element crystallizes in fcc with a = 200 pm. Calulate its density if 200grams of this
element contains 24x 1023 atoms.

16. Unit cell of an element has atomic mass 108. d= 10.5 g/cm3 a= 409 pm. Find the structure
of the crystal lattice.

17. A compound has hexagonal close packing structure. Determine the total number of voids,
number of tetrahedral void, and number of octahedral voids in 0.5 mole of this compounds.

18. Al crystallizes in a cubic close packing structure. Its metallic radius is 125 pm .Find the
edge length of the unit cell. How many unit cells are there in 1cm3 of Al ? How many atoms
are there in 1cm3 of Al ?

19. Silver chrysalises in FCC with an edge length 409 pm and density 10.5g/cm3. Calculate
the Atomic mass of silver.

Solutions - 5 Marks Questions

1. Define the following terms:

a) molarity
b) molality
c) mole fraction
d) mass%
e) volume %
f) parts per million
g) azeotrope.

2. What is the effect of temperature on the molarity of the solution ?

3. molality, mole fraction, and mass% are independent of temperature. Why?

4. What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of

a) solid in a liquid
b) gas in a liquid ?
5. State Henrys law. Give the mathematical expression for the law.

6. Mention three applications of Henrys law.

7. State Raoults law for a solution containing two volatile solvents. Give the mathematical
expression for the law.

8. Derive the mathematical expression to show that the relative lowering of vapor
pressure of a solution containing a nonvolatile solute and a volatile solvent is equal to
the mole fraction of the solute.

9. Mention the condition where Raoults law becomes a special case of Henrys law.

10. What are ideal solutions? Mention the conditions for a solution to behave ideally.Draw a
graph of vapor pressure vs mole fraction for an ideal solution.

11. What are non ideal solutions? Mention the conditions for a solution to behave non ideally.

12. Explain the type of deviation exhibited by a mixture of

a) ethanol and acetone

b) acetone and chloroform.
c) phenol and aniline. Draw a graph of vapor pressure vs mole fraction in each case.

13. What do you mean by the terms

a) maximum boiling azeotrope

b) minimum boiling azeotrope. Give one example each.

14. What are colligative properties? Give four examples.

15. Explain the following colligative properties with suitable graphs.

a) elevation of boiling point

b) depression of freezing point.

16. Define Kf and Kb. Give mathematical expression to show that Kf and Kb depends on the
nature of the solvent.

17. Define osmosis and osmotic pressure. Why is osmotic pressure method is considered as a
better method when compared to other colligative properties to determine molar mass of the
solute.

18. What is reverse osmosis? Mention one application of the same.

19. What do you mean by abnormal molar mass? How does it occur due to
a) association of solute?
b) dissociation of solute?

20. What is Vant Hoff factor i? Give its value for

a) association of solute.
b) dissociation of solute.
c) solute which is neither associates nor dissociates

21. Which is more concentrated? 1 molar or 1 molal solution. Why?

22. What do you mean by the terms

a) isotonic solution.
b) hypertonic solution
c) hypotonic solution?

23. Account for the following:

a) intravenous injection is given by using 0.9% NaCl (mass/volume) solution.

b) Dried fruits and vegetables swell when kept in fresh water.
c) The tanks used by scuba divers are diluted with helium.
d) Mountain climbers sometimes get symptoms of a condition known as anoxia.
e) Calcium chloride is added to clear the roads covered by snow.
f) Raw mango placed in concentrated salt solution shrivel in to pickle.
g) People suffering from high blood pressure are advised to take minimum quantity of salty
food.
h) People taking lot of salty food get affected by edema.
i) Meat is preserved by salting and fruits are preserved by adding sugar.

24. What will happen when a blood cell is placed in

a) solution having NaCl concentration less than 0.9%(mass/volume)

b) solution having NaCl concentration higher than 0.9%(mass/volume)?
Chemical kinetics - 5 Marks Questions

1. Explain the following terms:

a) average rate of a reaction

b) instantaneous rate of a reaction.
c) rate constant of a reaction
d) rate law of a reaction
e) order of a reaction
f) molecularity of a reaction.

2. What do you mean by pseudo first order reaction. Give one example.

3. Give one example each of

a) zero order reaction

b) first order reaction.

4. Derive integrated rate law for

a) zero order reaction

b) first order reaction. Show that t1/2 for
c) zero order reaction is directly proportional to initial concentration of the reactant.
d) first order reaction is independant initial concentration of the reactant.

5. Give differences between order and molecularity of a reaction.

6. What is activation energy? How is it related to rate constant K?

7. Give the unit of rate constant for

a) zero order
b) first order
c) second order reaction.

8. What is pseudo first order reaction? Give one example.

9. Mention the conditions a reactant has to satisfy to become product.

10. A+B C+D Rate = PZABe-Ea/RT What is the significance of P and e-Ea/RT?

11. Draw the graph of reaction coordinate Vs potential energy for a reaction

a) with out catalyst

b) with catalyst.

12. Generally rate of a reaction doubles when the temperature is raised by 10K. Explain this
statement with the help of the Maxwell Boltzmann distribution curve.

13. Explain collision theory of reaction rate with an example.

14. Draw the graphs

a) concentration Vs time for reactant.

b) Concentration Vs time for product
c) concentration Vs time for a zero order reaction
d) ln[R] vs time for a first order reaction
e) potential energy diagram of a catalysed reaction.

15. What is meant by order of reaction being zero?

16. Half life of a reaction is inversely proportional to initial concentration of the reactant.

Determine the order of this reaction.

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes - 4 Marks Questions

1. Give one example each of

a) Markwonikovs addition.
b) Kharasch effect.
c) Sand Meyer reaction
d) Diazotisation reaction
e) Finkelstein reaction
f) Swarts
g) Wurtz reaction
h) Wurtz Fittig reaction
i) Fittig reaction
j) Friediel's acylation reaction of chloro benzene
k) Friediel crafts alkylation reaction. of chloro benzene.
l) nitration of chloro benzene.
m) sulphonation of chloro benzene.
n) Dehydro halogenation (b elimination reaction)
o) Zatsev rule.
p) chlorination of chloro benzene.

2. Explain the classification of halo alkanes based on

a) number of halogen atoms.

b) compounds having sp3 C-X bond
c) compounds having sp2 C-X bond
d) dihalides. Give one example each and their IUPAC names.

3. Account for the following:

1) Halo alkanes have higher boiling point than the corresponding parent alkane.

2) Boiling point of halo alkanes RI>RBr>RCl> RF

3) Boiling point of 1-Bromo butane >2-Bromo butane> 1-Bromo- 2-methyl propane> 2-

Bromo- 2-methyl propane.

4) Melting point of p-Dichlo benzene is higher than its ortho and meta isomer.

5) Halo alkanes are polar in nature but sparingly soluble in water.

6) Iodo alkane can not be prepared by the reaction of alcohol with KI and sulphuric acid.
Phosphoric acid is used in place of sulphuric acid.

7) Order of reactivity of alcohol with HX is tert alcohol> sec alcohol > primary alcohol..

8) Halo arenes can not be prepared by treating phenol with HX or NaX in the presence of
sulphuric acid.

9) Iodination of benzene is carried out in the presence of HIO3 or HNO3.

10) Propane on chlorination gives 2-chloro propane as a major product and not 1-chloro
propane.

11) Kharasch effect is possible only with HBr and not with HCl and HI.

12) Alcohol reacts with thionyl chloride to give pure halo alkane.

13) Finkelstein reaction of halo alkane is carried out in the presence of dry acetone.

14) Order of reactivity of halo alkanes as per substitution bimolecular nucleophilic is

primary halide > secondary halide>tertiary halide.
15) Order of reaction as per substitution unimolecular is tertiary halide>secondary halide
>primary halide.

16) Benzylic halides and allylic halides are more reactive towards nucleophile than halo
alkanes.

17) Chloro ethene is less reactive towards nucleophile than chloro ethane.

18) Halo arenes are less reactive towards nucleophile than halo alkanes.

19) SN1 mechanism is ruled out in the reaction of halo arenes with nucleophile.

20) Electron with drawing groups like NO2 at ortho and para position with respect to halogen
facilitates nucleophillic substitution reaction.

21) Electron with drawing groups like NO2 at meta position with respect to halogen has no
effect on nucleophillic substitution reaction.

22) Halo arenes are less reactive towards electrophile than benzene.

23) Although chlorine atom has electron with drawing effect electrophillic substitution occur
at ortho and para position.

24) Order of reactivity of alkyl halide RI>RBr>RCl>RF

25) Halo alkanes react with KCN to give alkyl cyanide as a major product while it gives alkyl
isocyanide as a major product with AgCN.

26) Halo alkanes give nitrito alkane with KNO2 while nitro alkane with AgNO2.

27) CH3I undergoes SN2 reaction faster than CH3Cl.

4. Explain the following with suitable examples:

a) chiral and chirality

b) enantiomers
c) racemic mixture
d) retention of configuration
e) inversion of configuration.

5. Mention the differences between SN1 and SN2 mechanism of halo alkane.

6. Give the products and explain the mechanisms of the following reactions:

a) CH3 CH2 Br + OH-

b) ( CH3)3C-Br + OH-

c) n-BuBr + KOH

7. Carry out the following conversions:

1. Propene to

a) Propan-1-ol
b) Propan-2-ol

2. Ethanol to but-1-yne

3. 1-Bromo propane to 2-Bromo propane and vice versa.

4. Toluene to benzyl alcohol.

5. Benzene to

a) 4-bromonitro benzene
b) 3-bromonitro benzene.

6. Benzyl alcohol to 2-phenyl ethanoic acid.

7. Ethanol to

a) Propane nitrle
b) Ethyl isocyanide.

8. Aniline

a) Chloro benzene
b) Bromo benzene
c) Iodo benzene.

9. 2-Chloro butane to 3,4- dimethylhexane.

10. 2-Methyl-1-propene to 2-chloro-2-methylpropane.

11. Ethyl chloride to propanoic acid.

12. But-1-ene to n-butyl iodide.

13. 2-chloropropane to propan-1-ol

14. Isopropyl alcohol to iodoform.

15. Chloro benzene to

a) p-nitro phenol
b) p-chloronitro benzene
c) p-chloro
d) p- chloro acetophenone.
e) p-chloro benzene sulphonic acid
f) 1,4-Dichloro benzene.
g) biphenyl.

16. Chloroethane to butane.

17. tert-butyl bromide to isobutyl bromide.

18. Aniline to phenylisocyanide.

19. Propene to

a) 2,3-dimethyl butane
b) n-hexane.

20. Tert-butyl bromide to 2-methyl prop-1-ene.

8. What happens when

a) n-butyl chloride is treated with alcoholic KOH.

b) bromobenzene is treated with Mg in the presence of dry ether.
c) chlorobenzene is subjected to hydrolysis.
d) ethyl chloride is treated with aqueous KOH.
e) methyl bromide is treated with Na in the presence of dry ether.
f) methyl chloride is treated with

a) KCN
b) AgCN
c) KNO2
d) AgNO2

9. Write the structure of the major organic product in each of the following reactions:

acetone
a) CH3CH2Cl + NaI
heat
 ethanol
b) (CH3)3 C-Br +KOH
heat

ethanol
c) CH3CH2Br + KCN

d) C6H5ONa +CH3Br

e) CH3CH2OH +SOCl2

peroxide
f) CH3 CH=CH2 +HBr

g) CH3 CH=CH2 +HBr

h) (CH3)2C=CH2+ HBr

i) CH3CH=C(CH3)2 +HBr

j) CH3CH2CH2OH+SOCl2

k) CH3CH2Br +NaI

+ SOCl2

Heat
+Br2
 Br2 Heat

or UV light

+HI

+Mg A
Dry ether H2O

r) RBr +Mg A CH3CH (D)CH3

Dry ether D2O

s) (CH3)3C-C(CH3)3 RX A B
Na/ether Mg/ether H2O

10. Arrange the compounds of each set in order of decreasing reactivity towards a) SN2
displacement. b) SN1 displacement.

a) 2-bromo-2-methylbutane, 1-bromopentane, 2-bromo pentane

b) 1-bromo-3-methylbutane, 2-bromo-2-methylbutane,3-bromo-2-methylbutane
c) 1-bromo butane, 1-bromo-2-methyl propane, 1-bromo-2-phenyl propane.
d) Methyl chloride, Methyl bromide and Methyl iodide.

11. Primary halide A(C4H9Br) with alcoholic KOH gives a compound B. B on treatment with
HBr gives C which is an isomer of A. A on treatment with Na in dry ether gives a compound
D which is different from when n-butyl bromide is reacted with Na in dry ether. Give the
structural formula of A. Write the equations of
the reactions involved.
12. An alkyl halide C7H15Br is optically active. It reacts with KOH solution to give racemic
mixture. Explain the mechanism of the reaction.

13. Distinguish chemically between

a) CH3Cl, CH3Br, CH3I

b) Chloro benzene and chloro methane
c) chloro benzene and benzyl chloride
d) CHCl3 and CCl4

14. Primary alkyl halide A (C4H9Br) react with alcoholic KOH to give B.B reacts with HBr to
give C which is an isomer of A. When A is treated with sodium in dry ether it gives a
compound D C8H18 which is different from the compound when n-butyl bromide is treated
with sodium. Give the structural formula of A and complete the reaction.

15. Which alkyl halide from the following pairs would you expect to react more rapidly by
SN2 Mechanism? Explain your answer.

a) 1-Bromo butane and 2-Bromo butane.

b) 2-Bromo butane and 2-Bromo-2-methyl propane.
c) Cyclo hexyl chloro methane and chloro cyclo hexane.
d) Iodo butane and chloro butane.

16. Which alkyl halide from the following pairs would you expect to react more rapidly by
SN1 Mechanism? Explain your answer.

17. Predict the order of reactivity of the following compounds in SN1 and SN2 mechanism.

a) C6H5CH2Br

b) C6H5CH(C6H5) Br

c) C6H5CH(CH3) Br

d) C6H5(CH3)(C6H5) Br. Explain your answer.

18. Arrange the following in the increasing order of boiling point.

a) Bromomethane, Bromoform, Chloromethane and Dibromomethane.
b) 1-Chloropropane, 1-Chlorobutane and isopropyl chloride.

19. Among the isomeric alkanes C5H12 , identify the one that on photochemical chlorination
yields

a) A single monochloride molecule

b) Three isomeric monochloride molecules
c) Four isomeric monochlorides.

Alcohols,Phenols and ethers - 4 Marks Questions

1. Write the equations of the following named reactions:

a) Hydro boration
b) williamson's synthesis
c) cumene phenol process
d) Kolbe's reaction
e) Riemier Tiemann reaction

2. Explain Lucas test with suitable examples

3. Distinguish chemically between the following pairs of organic compounds

a) Phenol and methanol

b) methanol and ethanol
c) propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol
d) pentan-3-ol and 2-Methyl butan 2-ol

4. Account for the following:

a) COH bond angle in alcohol is less than tetrahedral angle of 109.50

b) COC bond angle in ether is more than tetrahedral angle of 109.50

c) C-O bond length in phenol is less than that of alcohol.

d) Phenol has lower dipole moment than alcohol.

e) Phenol under goes electrophillic substitution at ortho and para position

f) Alcohol acts as a bronsted acid as well as bronsted base.

g) Phenol is more acidic than alcohol.

h) Acidity of alcohol is primary alcohol>sec alcohol>tert alcohol.

i) Basicity of alcohol is tert alcohol> sec alcohol>primary alcohol.

j) In Williamsons synthesis sec and tert halide can not be used.

k) para nitro phenol is less steam volatile than ortho nitro phenol.

l) Presence of nitro group at ortho and para position makes phenol more acidic.

m) Alcohols and phenols have higher boiling point.

n) Boiling point of alcohol is higher than its isomeric ether.

o) Boiling point of glycerol>ethylene glycol> ethanol.

p) Grignard reagent is a versatile reagent in organic chemistry.

q) Cresol is less acidic than phenol.

r) In esterification reaction, water is removed as soon as it is formed.

s) Order of reactivity of HX with alcohol is HI>HBr>HCl>HF

t) Alcohol reacts with SOCl2 to give pure halo alkane.

u) Ease of dehydration of alcohol is tert alcohol> sec alcohol>primary alcohol.

v) Phenol and anisole undergoes bromination reaction even in the absence of halogen carrier.

w) Methyl phenyl ether reacts with HI to give phenol and methyl iodide and not methanol
and iodo benzene.

x) Methoxy ethane reacts with HI to give methyl iodide and ethanol and not ethyl iodide and
methanol.

y) Tert butyl methyl ether reacts with HI to give tert butyl iodide and methanol and not not
methyl iodide and tert butyl alcohol.

z) Anisole undergoes electrophillic substitution at ortho and para position.

aa) Boiling point of butan-1-ol is higher than tert butyl alcohol.

bb) Alcohol, phenol and ether are soluble in water.

cc) In the reaction between acid chloride and alcohol a small amount of pyridine is added.

dd) Alcohol behaves as nucleophile as well as electrophile.

ee) Water is a stronger acid than alcohol.

5. Carry out the following conversions:

a) Ethanal to ethanol.

b) Acetone to propan-2-ol.

c) Ethanoic acid to ethanol.

d) Ethene to ethanol.

e) Propene to propan-2-ol.

f) Methanal to ethanol.

g) Methanal to benzyl alcohol.

h) Ethanal to propan-2-ol.

i) Acetone to 2-methyl propan-2-ol.

j) But-1-ene to butan-1-ol.

k) But-2-ene to butan-2-ol.

l) Chloro benzene to phenol.

m) Aniline to phenol.

n) Benzene to phenol.

o) Ethanol to ethyl ethanoate.

p) Ethanol to ethene.

q) Ethanol to ethanal.

r) Tert butyl alcohol to 2-methyl prop-1-ene.

s) Propan-2-ol to acetone.

t) Phenol to

i) phenyl ethanoate.
ii) 2-Acetoxy benzoic acid.
iii) ortho and para nitro phenol.
iv) 2,4,6-trinitro phenol
v) para bromo phenol
vi) 2,4,6- tri bromo phenol
vii) salicylic acid
vii) salicylaldehyde
viii) anisole
ix) phenatole
x) benzene
xi) benzo quinone.

u) Ethyl iodide to diethyl ether

v) Methyl bromide to 2 methoxy 2 methyl propane.

w) Benzyl chloride to benzyl alcohol

x) Ethyl magnesium chloride to propan-1-ol

y) Cumene to phenol

z) Anisole to

i) phenol
ii) ortho and para hydroxyl aceto phenone
iii) para bromo anisole
iv) ortho and para methyl anisole
v) ortho and para methoxy aceto phenone
vi) ortho and para nitro anisole
vii) Ethene to ethane-1,2-diol

6. Explain the mechanism of the following reactions:

a) CH2= CH2 + H2O CH3CH2OH

b) CH3CH2OH CH2= CH2 + H2O

443K
413K
c) CH3CH2OH CH3CH2OCH2CH3

d) Explain the mechanisms of the reactions in which alcohol acts as

a) nucleophile
b) electrophile
7. How is ethanol prepared from

a) ethene
b) cane sugar? Mention 2 uses of ethanol.

8. How is methanol commercially? Mention 2 uses of the same.

9. How is phenol prepared commercially? Mention 2 uses of the same.

10. An organic compound A react with NaOH under drastic condition to give B. B reacts with
Br2(aq) to give C.C on zinc dust distillation gives 1,3,5-Tribromo benzene. Identify the
compounds and write the equations of the reactions involved.

11. Give the mechanism for the reactio

(CH3)2CH-CH3 (CH3)2C-CH3
| HBr |
OH Br

12. Write the equations of the following reactions:

a) Friedel-Crafts alkylation of anisole.

b) Friedel-Crafts acylation of anisole.
c) Nitration of anisole.
d) Bromination of anisole in ethanoic acid medium.
e) Oxidation of Propan-1-ol with alkaline KMnO4 solution
f) Phenol with Br2 in CS2
g) Phenol with dilute HNO3
h) Phenol with chloroform in the presence of aqueous NaOH.

13. Write the equation of reaction of HI with

a) 1-Propoxy propane

b) Methoxy benzene

c) benzyl ethyl ether.

d) CH3-CH2-CH(CH3)-CH2OCH2-CH3

e) C6H5CH2OC6H5

CH3
|
f) CH3-CH2-CH2-O-C-C2H5
 |
CH3

14. Name the reagent used in the following reactions:

a) Oxidation of primary alcohol to carboxylic acid.

b) Oxidation of primary alcohol to aldehyde.
c) Bromination of phenol to 2,4,6-Tribromophenol.
d) Benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid.
e) Dehydration of Propan-2-ol to propene.
f) Butan-2-one to Butan-2-ol.

15. You are given benzene, concentrated sulphuric acid and NaOH. Write the equation
involved in the preparation of phenol using these reagents.

16. Give the products of the following reactions:

a) CH3-CH2-CH2-OCH3 +HBr

b) C6H5OC2H5 +HBr

c) (CH3)3COC2H5 +HI

d) C6H5OC2H 5
conc HNO3+conc H2SO4

e) CH3CH=CH2
H3O+

f) CH3-CH2-CH-CHO
| NaBH4
CH3

g)

17. Give the structure and IUPAC names of the products expected from the following
reactions:

a) Catalytic reduction of butanal

b) Hydration of propene in the presence of dilute sulphuric acid.
c) Reaction of propanone with methyl magnesium bromide followed by hydrolysis.
18. The following is not the appropriate reaction for the preparation of tert-butyl ethyl ether.
C2H5ONa+(CH3)3C-Cl (CH3)3COC2H5

a) What would be the major product for this reaction ?

b) Write the reaction for the preparation of tert-butyl ethyl ether.

19. Give the structure of the product you would expect when each of the following alcohol
react with

i) HBr
ii) SOCl2
iii) ZnCl2+HCl

a) Butan-1-ol
b) 2-Methylbutan-2-ol

20. Predict the major product in the acid catalysed dehydration of

a) butan-1-ol
b) 1-Methylcyclohexanol.

21. Draw the resonance structures of phenoxide ion of ortho and para nitrophenols.

22. Write the structure of major products formed in the following reactions:

a) Mono nitration of 3-methylphenol.

b) Dinitration of 3-methylphenol.
c) Mononitration of phenyl methanoate.

23. How are the following alcohols prepared by the reaction of Grignard reagent with
HCHO?

a) (CH3)2CHCH2OH

b) CH2OH
|

24. Arrange the following compounds in the order of properties mentioned:

a) Pentan-1-ol, Pentan-2-ol, ethanol, Propan-1-ol and methanol.(increasing order of boiling

point.

b) Pentan-1-ol, n-butane, Pentanal and ethoxyethane.(increasing order of boiling point.)

c) Propan-1-ol, 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol, 3-Nitrophenol, 3,5-Dinitrophenol, Phenol and 4-
Methylphenol( increasing order of acidity)

Aldehyde,Ketone and Carboxylic acid - 6 Marks Questions

1. Write equations for the following named reactions:

a) Nucleophillic addition reaction.

b) clemensen reduction.

c) wolf kishner reduction.

d) aldol condensation.

e) crossed aldol condensation

f) cannizaro reaction.

g) Rosenmund's reduction.

h) kolbe's electrolysis

i) Stephen reaction.

j) Etard reaction.

k) decarboxylation.

l) acylation.

m) schotten baumann reaction.

n) Friediel craft's acylation.

o) esterification.

p) Gattermann- Koch reaction.

q) Hell Volhard Zelensky reaction.

2. Explain

a) Fehling's test

b) Tollen's reagent test with suitable examples.

3. Distinguish chemically between the following pairs of organic compounds:

a) Methanal and ethanal.

b) ethanal and propanone.

c) pentan-2-one and pentan-3-one.

d) aceto phenone and benzo phenone.

e) formic acid and acetic acid.

f) benzoic acid and ethyl benzoate.

g) phenol and benzoic acid.

h) ethanal and propanal.

i) propanal and diethyl ether.

j) benzaldehyde and acetophenone.

k) ethanal and propanone

4. Account for the following:

a) Aldehyde and ketone are polar in nature.

b) Aldehyde and ketones have higher boiling point than hydro carbons of comparable molar
mass.

c) Aldehyde and ketones have lower boiling point than alcohols of comparable molar mass.

d) Ketone has higher boiling point than aldehyde of comparable molar mass.

e) Oxidation of primary alcohol to aldehyde is carried out using PCC as an oxidizing agent.

f) Rosenmund's reduction of acid chloride to aldehyde is carried out using quinoline and
sulphur.

g) Aldehyde is more reactive than ketone towards nucleophile.

h) Butanone is less reactive than propanone.

i) 2,2,6-Tri methyl cyclo hexanone is less reactive towards nucleophile than cyclo hexanone.

j) Para nitro benzaldehyde is more reactive towards nucleophile than benzaldehyde.

k) Para methyl benzaldehyde is less reactive towards nucleophile than benzaldehyde.

m) Reaction of aldehyde with alcohol to give acetal is carried out in the presence of HCl(g).
n) Formaldehyde and benzaldehyde undergoes cannizaro reaction and not aldol condensation.

o) Acetaldehyde undergoes aldol condensation and not cannizaro reaction.

p) Aromatic aldehyde and ketones undergoes electrophillic substitution at meta position.

q) Carboxylic acid do not show the reactions of aldehyde and ketone though it has >C=O
group.

r) Carboxylic acid has higher boilimg point than aldehyde, ketone and alcohol of comparable
molar mass.

s) In semi carbazide, only one NH2 group is involved in the formation of semi carbazone.

t) Aldehyde, ketone and carboxylic acid are soluble in water.

u) In oxidation of primary alcohol to carboxylic acid is not carried out using acidified
potassium dichromate.

v) Carboxylic acid is more acidic than alcohol.

w) Carboxylic acid is more acidic than phenol.

x) Acidity of CCl3COOH>CHCl2COOH>CH2ClCOOH>CH3COOH.

y) Acidity of FCH2COOH>ClCH2COOH>BrCH2COOH>I CH2COOH.

z) a chloro propanoic acid is more acidic than chloro propanoic acid.

aa) Acetic acid is less acidic than formic acid.

bb) Pure acid halide is prepared by the reaction of carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride.

cc) Carbon in carbonyl group of aldehyde and ketone acts as Lewis acid(electrophile) while
oxygen acts as Lewis base ( nucleophile).

dd) Benzoic acid does not undergo Friediel craft alkylation reaction.

5. How is

a) HCHO

b) CH3CHO

c) C6H5CHO prepared commercially? Mention two uses of each.

6. How is

a) HCOOH
b) CH3COOH

c) C6H5COOH prepared commercially? Mention two uses of each.

7. Carry out the following conversions:

a) Ethanol to ethanal.

b) Methanol to methanal.

c) Propan-2-ol to propanone.

d) Methanal to

i) ethanol
ii) benzyl alcohol.

e) Ethanal to

i) propan-2-ol
ii) acetone.

f) Acetone to

i) tert butyl alcohol

ii) 2-Methyl prop-1-ene.

g) Benzaldehyde to

i) a- hydroxy phenyl acetic acid

ii) 3-phenyl propan-1-ol

iii) 1- phenyl ethanol.

iv) benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate.

v) cinnamaldehyde.

vi) 1,3-Diphenyl prop- 2-en-1-one

vii) benzo phenone

viii) m-nitro benzaldehyde

ix) benzal acetophenone.

h) Butan-1-ol to butanal.

i) Cyclo hex-2-en-1-ol to cyclo hex-2-en 1-one.

j) Pentan-3-en-2-ol to pent-3-en-2-one.

k) But-2-ene to ethanal

l) Para nitro toluene to para nitro benzaldehyde.

m) Ethanal to butan-2-one.

n) Ethanal to butane- 1,3- diol.

o) Ethanal to but-2-enal

p) Ethanal to but-2-enoic acid.

q) Ethanal to butan-1-ol

r) Ethanal to butanoic acid.

s) Propanone to propene.

t) Propanal to butanone.

u) Ethanal to 2-hydroxy butanal.

v) Benzaldehyde to benzo phenone.

w) Benzoic acid to benzaldehyde.

x) Propanoic acid to propenoic acid.

y) Benzene to m-nitro aceto phenone.

z) Bromo benzene to 1-phenyl ethanol.

aa) Benzoic acid to m- nitro benzoic acid.

bb) Benzoic acid to benzyl amine.

cc) Para nitro benzoic acid to para nitro aniline.

dd) Hexanoic acid to hexane nitrle.

ee) Hexanoic acid to 1-amino pentane.

ff) Hept-1-ene to heptanal

gg) Hept-1-ene to hexanal.

hh) Hept-1-ene to heptanoic acid.

ii) Hept-1-ene to hexanoic acid.

jj) Ethene to ethanal.

kk) Propene to acetone.

ll) 2, 3- dimethyl but-2-ene to acetone.

mm) Ethanal to lactic acid.

nn) Ethanal to ethane.

oo) Ethanal to Ethanoic acid.

pp) Acetone to 4-hydroxy-4-methyl pentan-2-one.

qq) Benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol and sodium benzoate.

rr) Methanal to methanol and sodium methanoate.

ss) Toluene to benzaldehyde.

tt) Ethyl benzene to benzoic acid.

uu) But-2-ene to ethanoic acid.

v v) Ethane nitrle to ethanoic acid.

ww) Methyl magnesium bromide to ethanoic acid.

xx) Para methyl aceto phenone to benzene-1,4- dicarboxylic acid.

yy) Cyclo hexene to hexane-1,6-dicarboxylic acid.

zz) Ethanoic acid to ethanol.

aaa) Propanoic acid to a- chloro propanoic acid.

bbb) Methanol to Ethanoic acid.

ccc) Benzoic acid to m-nitro benzoic acid.

ddd) Benzoic acid to m-bromo benzoic acid.

eee) Acetyl chloride to acetaldehyde.

fff) Benzoyl chloride to benzaldehyde.

mmm) Benzene to aceto phenone.

nnn) Benzene to benzo phenone.

ooo) Ethanoic acid to ethanoyl chloride.

sss) Ethanoic acid to ethanoic anhydride.

ttt) Ethanoic acid to ethyl ethanoate.

a) Ethanoic acid to ethanamine.

b) Hexane nitrle to 1-amino pentane.

c) Benzoic acid to benzo phenone.

d) Benzoic acid to

i) aceto phenone.
ii) benzaldehyde
iii) benzophenone

e) Benzene to methyl benzoate.

f) Benzene to m- nitro benzoic acid.

g) Benzene to p- nitro benzoic acid.

h) Benzene to p- nitro benzaldehyde.

i) Benzene to phenyl acetic acid.

j) Ethanoyl chloride to propanone.

k) Benzene to benzaldehyde

l) Ethane nitrile to

i) ethanal
ii) propanal

m) vinyl cyanide to prop2-enal

n) p-fluoro toluene to p-fluoro benzaldehyde.

o) cyclo hexanol to cycloheanone.

p) Hexan-1-ol to hexanal

q) Butan-1-ol to butanoic acid.

r) Benzyl alcohol to phenyl ethanoic acid.

s) 3-nitro bromo benzene to 3-nitro benzoic acid

t) 4- methyl acetophenone to benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid.

u) Butanal to butanoic acid.

v) Ethyl butanoate to ethanoic acid.

w) cyclo hexane to Hexane-1,6-dicarboxylic acid.

x) Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid to pthalimide

8. Explain the mechanism of the following reaction:

CH3 CHO + HCN CH3 CH CN

OH

9. An organic compound A(C8H8O) gives orange red precipitate with 2,4-DNP reagent. It
responds to iodoform test. It does not respond to Tollens reagent test. It does not decolorise
bromine water. A on oxidation using CrO3 give B. Identify the compounds and write thw
equations of the reactions involved.

10. An organic compound C9H10O forms 2,4-DNP derivative, reduces Tollens reagent and
Undergoes cannizaro reaction. On vigorous oxidation it gives Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid.
Identify the compound.

11. An organic compound contain 69.77% C and 11.63% H and the remaining O. Molecular
mass of the compound is 86 u. It does not reduce Tollens reagent, gives positive iodoform
test and respond to sodium bisulphate test. On oxidation it gives acetic acid and propanoic
acid. Give the structure of the organic compound.

12. Arrange the following in the increasing order of property mentioned:

a) Acetaldehyde, Acetone, Di-tert-butyl ketone, Methyl tert-butyl ketone( reactivity with

HCN)

b) 2-Bromo butanoic acid, 3-Bromo butanoic acid, Butanoic acid, 3-Methyl propanoic acid
(acid strength)

c) Benzoic acid, 4-Nitro benzoic acid, 3,4-Dinitro benzoic acid, 4-Methoxy benzoic acid
(acid strength)

d) Ethanal, Propanal, Propanone, Butanone( increasing order of reactivity towards

nucleophile)

e) Benzaldehyde, p-Tolualdehyde, p-Nitro benzaldehyde, Acetophenone(increasing order of

reactivity towards nucleophile)

f) Butanal, Butanol, Ethoxy ethane and Butane (increasing order of boilimg point)
13. Complete each synthesis by giving missing starting material, reactant or product.

c) C6H5CHO + NH2CONHNH2

d) C6H5CHO + CH3CH2CHO
Dil NaOH
e) CH3COCH2COOC2H5
i) NaBH4 ii) H+

f)
C6H5COC6H5

ii) Zn / H2O

14. Which acid of each pair would you expect to be stronger?

a) Ethanoicacid and fluoro ethanoic acid

b) Fluoro ethanoic acid and chloro ethanoic acid

c) 4- Fluoro butanoic acid and 3-Fluoro butanoic acid

d) p-Trifluoro benzoic acid and p- Methyl benzoic acid.

15. Arrange the following in the increasing order of boiling point: Ethanal, Ethanol, Ethoxy
ethane and Propane

16. Predict the product formed when cyclohexanecarbaldehyde reacts with

a) PhMgBr+H3O+

b) Tollensreagent

c) Semicarbazide and weak acid

d) excess ethanol and acid.

e) Zinc amalgam and dilute HCl

17. Give the products of the following reactions:

c) RCH=CHO + NH2CONHNH2
H+

d) C6H5COCH3 + C2H55NH2
H+

e) C6H6+C2H5COCl
Anhydr. AlCl3 / CS2

f) (C6H5CH2)2Cd + 2 CH3COCl

g) CH3- C=CH
Hg2+,H2SO4

18. Identify the compounds A,B,C and D in the following reactions:

CH=C6H5

i) O3 ii) Zn / H2O NaOH/aq ethanol

A+B C+ H2O

i) O3 ii) Zn / H2O
C D+A

P block elements - 8 Marks Questions

Account for the following:

1. There is a considerable increase in covalent radius from N to P but from As to Bi onlya

small change is observed.

2. Ionisation enthalpy of group 15 elements is much higher than that of group 14 elements.

3. Ionic radius of Sb and Bi are very less when compared to the ionic radius of N,P and As.

4. Metallic character of group 15 elements increases on going down the group.

5. Tendency to show 3 oxidation states in group 15 decreases on going down the group.

6. Nitrogen cant form penta halides.

7. Nitrogen exhibits pp- pp bonding while heavier members exhibit dp-pp bonding.

8. N2 is a gas while P4 is a solid.

9. Catenation tendency is weaker in nitrogen.

10. N2 molecule is chemically inert while white phosphorus is more reactive.

11. In group 15, +3 oxidation state is more stable than +5 oxidation state on going down the
group .

12. R3 P=O is known but R3 N=O is unknown.

13. Basicity of hydrides NH3> PH3 > AsH3 > SbH3 > BiH3

14. Stability of hydrides NH3> PH3 > AsH3 > SbH3 > BiH3

15. Reducing character of hydrides NH3< PH3 < AsH3 < SbH3 <BiH3

16. The oxides in higher oxidation states of group 15 elements are more acidic than that of
lower oxidation state.

17. Basicity of group 15 oxides increases on going down the group.

18. PCl5 is more covalent than PCl3.

19. PCl5 is more covalent than PF5.

20. All the five bonds in PCl5 are not equivalent.(Or) PCl5 is more reactive than PCl3.

21. Both PCl3 and PCl5 fumes in air.

22. PH3 has lower boiling point than NH3.

23. NH3 acts as a lewis base.

24. NO2 molecule dimerise to become N2O4.

25. Aluminium is rendered passive in concentrated HNO3.

26. Concentrated HNO3 becomes yellow when exposed to light.(Or) concentrated HNO3 is an
oxidizing agent.

27. White phosphorus is more reactive than red phosphorus. Black phosphorus is least
reactive.

28. Bond angle in PH4+ is higher than that of PH3.

29. HNH bond angle in NH3 is less than the tetra hedral bond angle of 109.50.

30. Bond angles of HPH,HAsH and HSbH are closer to 900.

31. H3PO4 is tri protic, H3PO3 is diprotic while H3PO2 is mono protic.

32. H3PO2 is a good reducing agent.

33. H3PO2 is a stronger reducing agent than H3PO3.

34. NO is an odd electron molecule but does not dimerise to give N2O2.

35. Sulphur has very high boiling and melting point when compared to oxygen.

36. In group 16 tendencies to show -2 oxidation state decreases on going down the group.

37. In group 16 +4 oxidation state become more stable than +6 oxidation state on going down
the group.

38. Oxygen can show a maximum covalency of 4 and it can not form hexa valent compound.

39. Acidity of group 16 hydrides H2O <H2 S < H2Se < H2Te.

40. Reducing character of group 16 hydrides H2O <H2 S < H2Se < H2Te

41. Boiling point of H2O is higher than that of H2 S.

42. Sulphur exhibit +6 oxidation state when it combines with fluorine.

43. SF6 is exceptionally stable or it can not be hydrolysed easily.

44. SF6 is known while SCl6 is unknown.

45. SF6 is known while SH6 is unknown.

46. H2O is a liquid while H2S is a gas.

47. MnO is basic while Mn2O7 is acidic.

48. O3 is thermo dynamically unstable than O2 (or) . O3 in higher concentration is explosive.

49. NO gas depletes ozone layer.

50. Sulphur in vapour state is paramagnetic.

51. HCl and HNO3 are prepared by reacting NaCl and NaNO3 respectively with H2SO4 while
HBr and HI cant be prepared by this method.

52. Cane sugar chars in concentrated sulphuric acid.

53. Concentrated sulphuric acid is a good oxidizing agent.

54. Two S-O bonds in SO2 are equivalent.

55. Ka2 of H2SO4 is << Ka1.

56. Halogens have maximum negative electron gain enthalpy in each period.

57. Fluorine has lesser negative value of electron gain enthalpy than chlorine.

58. All halogens are colored.

59. F2 has smaller enthalpy of dissociation than Cl2.

60. Fluorine has lesser negative value of electron gain enthalpy than chlorine but fluorine is a
stronger oxidizing agent than chlorine.

61. Fluorine shows only 1 oxidation state. Other halogens can exhibit positive oxidation
state.

62. Halogens show positive oxidation state when they combine with oxygen and fluorine
atoms.

63. Halogens are good oxidizing agent and oxidizing power (reactivity) decreases with the
increase in atomic number.

64. Most of reactions of fluorine are exothermic.

65. HF is a liquid while other hydrogen halides are gases.

66. HF has highest boiling point while HCl has lowest boiling point among hydrogen halides.

67. Acidity of hydrogen halides HF<HCl<HBr<HI

68. Thermal stability of hydrogen halides HF>HCl>HBr>HI

69. Thermal stability of group 16 hydrides H2O> H2S> H2Se> H2Te

70. OF2 is fluoride of oxygen and not oxide of fluorine.

71. Oxygen and chlorine has similar electro negativity. Oxygen form hydrogen bonding but
not chlorine.

72. Ionic character of halides MF>MCl>MBr>MI

73. Electron gain enthalpy of O O - is 141 KJ/mole and O O O2- is + 702 KJ/mole.
Large number of oxides having O2- is known and not O -.

74. In metal halides, halides in higher oxidation state of the metal is more covalent than the
one in lower oxidation state.(PbCl4 is more covalent than PbCl2)

75. Inter halogen compound is more reactive than the halogens from which it is formed.

76. Chlorine is a powerful bleaching agent.

77. HCl reacts with Fe to give FeCl2 and not FeCl3

78. Fluorine forms only one oxo acid HOF

79. Acidity of oxo acids HClO4> HClO3> HClO2> HClO.

80. Acidity of oxo acids HOCl>HOBr>HOI

81. Oxidizing power of HClO4> HClO3> HClO2> HClO

82. Fluorine form fluoride of oxygen while other halogens form oxides of halogen.

83. Group 18 elements are chemically unreactive.

84. Group 18 elements have very high ionization enthalpy and it decreases on going down the
group.

85. Group 18 elements have positive value of electron gain enthalpy.

86. Group 18 elements have lower value of boiling and melting point and it increases on
going down the group.

87. Group 18 elements have larger atomic radius.

88. Bartlett synthesized XePtF6 from his knowledge of earlier known compound O2PtF6.

89. Xenon forms noble gas compounds.

90. Xenon forms compounds only with oxygen and fluorine.

91. Helium is used in diving apparatus.

92. Oxygen has lesser negative value of electron gain enthalpy than Sulphur.

93. XeF, XeF3 and XeF5 not known.

94. Chlorine uses its yellow colour in aqueous solution.

95. CN- is known but CP- is not known.

96. Nitrogen and Bismuth do not form pentavalent compounds.

97. PCl5 solid is ionic in nature.

98. Cr, Al do not dissolve in concentrated HNO3.

99. Both HF and H2O forms Hydrogen bonding but boiling point of H2O is higher than HF

100. Acidic character of PH3<H2S<HCl

101. ONO bond angle in NO2- is higher than that of NO2+

102. N-O bond length in NO2 is shorter than N-O bond length in NO3

103. In HNO3 N-O bond length in NO2 is shorter than N-O bond length in N-OH

104. Oxidising power of Oxoacids of chlorine is HClO4<HClO3<HClO2<HClO

1. Draw the resonating structures of

a) NO
b) NO2
c) N2O
d) N2O3
e) N2O4
f) N2O5 .
g) O3.

Also draw the structures of each clearly depicting the bond parameters.

2. Draw the resonance structures of SO2.

3. Draw the structures of

a) NH3
b) HNO3
c) White phosphorus
d) Red phosphorus
e) PCl3
f) PCl5
g) Phosphoric acid
h) Phosphorus acid
i) Hypo phosphorus acid
j) Pyro phosphoric acid
k) cyclic tri meta phosphoric acid
l) Poly meta phosphoric acid.
m) S8
n) S6
o) Sulphuric acid
p) sulphurus acid
q) Peroxo di sulphuric acid
r) Pyro sulphuric acid (oleum)
s) HOCl
t) HClO2
u) HClO3
v) HClO4
w) BrF3
x) IF5
y) IF7
z) IF4-
aa) SF4
bb) SF6
cc) XeOF4
dd) BrO3-
ee) XeF2
ff) XeF4
gg) XeF6
hh) XeOF4
ii) XeO3

4.Give the formula and structure of noble gas species which is iso structural with

a) ICl4-
b) IBr2-
c) IF6-
d) BrO3-

5. Why does nitrogen shows anomalous behavior? Give examples to show the anomalous
behavior of nitrogen.

6. Why does oxygen shows anomalous behavior? Give examples to show the anomalous
behavior of oxygen.
7. Why does fluorine shows anomalous behavior? Give examples to show the anomalous
behavior of fluorine.

8. Describe the method of preparation of

a) NH3 by Haber process

b) HNO3 by Ostwald process
c) H2SO4 by contact process. Give three uses of each.

9. Explain brown ring test for nitrate with suitable equations.

10. What is disproportionation reaction? Give equation of the reactions involved in the
disproportionation of

a) HNO2
b) Se2Cl2
c) H3PO3

11. How is ozone estimated quantitatively?

12. Give two uses each of

a) N2
b) PH3
c) O2
d) Ozone
e) SO2
f) Cl2
g) ClO2
h) BrO3
i) I2O5
j) Cl2
k) HCl
l) ClF3
m) He
n) Ne
O) Ar
p) Kr
q) Xe

13. How is NH3 (aq) used in salt analysis to determine the presence of

a) Fe3+
b) Zn2+
c) Ag+ in salt analysis.

Write the equations of the reactions involved.

14. How is the presence of SO2 detected?

15. What is aqua regia? How does it dissolve noble metals like Au and Pt? Write the
equations of the reactions involved.

16. Give differences between white phosphorus and red phosphorus.

17. How is

a) N2
b) O2
c) Cl2 prepared in the laboratory?

Write the equations of the reactions involved.

18. How is

a) N2
b) O2
c) Cl2 manufactured in the industry?

Write the equations of the reactions involved in the manufacture of Cl2 .

19. How is ammonia prepared in laboratory? Write the equation of the reaction involved.

20. How is HNO3 prepared in laboratory? Write the equation of the reaction involved.

21. How is phosphine prepared from

a) Calcium phosphide
b) White phosphorus. Write the equations of the reactions involved.

22. How is PCl5 prepared from

a) Cl2
b) SO2Cl2? Write the equations of the reactions involved

23. How is PCl3 prepared from

a) Cl2
b) SOCl2 ? Write the equations of the reactions involved

24. How is HCl prepared from NaCl? Write the equations of the reactions involved

25. Write the chemical formula of

a) Chile saltpetre
b) Indian saltpetre
c) Fluorapatite
d) Gypsum salt
e) Epsom salt
f) Baryte
g) Galena
h) Zinc blende
i) Copper pyrite
j) Florospar
k) cryolite
l) Fluoroapatite
m) carnalite.
n) Tear gas
o) mustard gas
p) phosgene

26. With what neutral molecule ClO - is iso electronic? Is that molecule a lewis base?

27. Compare the chemistry of a and b Sulphur.What is the transition temperature of a and b
Sulphur.

28. How is phosphine purified? Write the equations of the reactions involved.

29. A white waxy solid A on heating in an inert atmosphere forms its allotrope B. A reacts
with concentrated alkali to form a toxic gas C. A reacts with excess of chlorine to give D. D
on hydrolysis gives an acid E. Identify the compounds. Write the reactions involved.

30. An yellow colored solid A forms its hydride B. B has foul smell and extensively used in
salt analysis. B on oxidation gives C. C further gets oxidized in the presence of a catalyst to
give D. C decolorize acidified potassium permanganate. Identify the compounds. Write the
reaction involved in the conversion of C to D and the reaction of C with acidified potassium
permanganate solution.

31. Concentrated sulphuric acid is added followed by heating to each of the following test
tubes
labelled (i) to (v)

Identify in which of the above test tube the following change will be observed. Support your
answer with the help of a chemical equation.

(a) Formation of black substance

(b) Evolution of brown gas
(c) Evolution of colourless gas
(d) Formation of brown substance which on dilution becomes blue
(e) Disappearance of yellow powder along with evolution of colourless gas.
32. Give the products and balance the following reactions:

1. HNO2

2. NH4Cl +NaNO2

3. (NH4)2Cr2O7

4. Ba(N3)2

5. NaN3

6. Li + N2

7. Mg +N2

8. N2+H2
Fe 773K
9. N2+O2
200K

10. NH2CONH2 +H2O

11. NH4Cl +Ca(OH)2

12. (NH4)2SO4+NaOH

13. NH3 +H2O

14. FeCl3+NH4OH

15. ZnSO4+NH4OH

16. Cu2+ NH3

17. AgCl+NH3

18. NaNO3+H2SO4

19. NH3 +O2 Pt/Rh 500K

9 bar

20. NO+O2

21. NO2+H2O
22. HNO3+H2O

23. Cu+HNO3 (Dilute)

24. Cu + HNO3 (Conc)

25. Zn+ HNO3 (Dil)

26. Zn+ HNO3 (conc)

27. I2 + HNO3 (conc)

28. C + HNO3 (conc)

29. S8 + HNO3 (conc)

30. P4 + HNO3 (conc)

31. P4+ NaOH+H2O

32. P4 +O2 (Excess)

33. Ca3P2+H2O

34. Ca3P2 +HCl

35. PH3+HI

36. PH3+HBr

37. PH4I +KOH

38. P4 +Cl2

39. P4 + Cl2 (excess)

40. P4+SOCl2

41. P4 + SO2Cl2

42. PCl3 + H2O

43. PCl3 + CH3COOH

44. PCl3 + C2H5OH

45. PCl5 + H2O

46. PCl5 + CH3COOH

47. PCl5 + C2H5OH

48. PCl5 + Ag

49. PCl5 + Sn

50. PCl5
Heat

51. H3PO3
Heat

52. AgNO3+H2O+H3PO2

53. CuSO4 + PH3

54. HgCl2 + PH3

55. Se2Cl2
Heat
56. KClO3
Heat, MnO2
57. Ag2O
Heat
58. HgO
Heat
59. Pb3O4
Heat

60. PbO2
Heat

MnO2
61. H2O2

62. Ca+O2

63. Al + O2

64. C+ O2

65. ZnS+ O2

66. CH4+ O2

67. +O2

68. HCl + O2

69. C2H4+ O2
70. SO2 +H2O

71. CaO+H2O

72. Al2O3+HCl+H2O

73. Al2O3+NaOH+H2O

silent electric discharge

74. O2

75. PbS +O3

76. I- +H2O + O3

77. I2+Na2S2O3

78. NO+O3

79. SO32- +H+

80. FeS2+O2

81. SO2+H2O

82. SO2+NaOH

83. SO2+Na2SO3+H2O

84. SO2+Cl2

85. SO2+O2
V2O5

86. SO2+Fe3++H2O

87. SO2+MnO4-+H+

88. SO3+H2SO4

89. H2S2O7+H2O

(X=F,Cl,NO3)
90. MX + H2SO4

conc H2SO4
91. C12H22O11

92. Cu + conc H2SO4

93. S+ conc H2SO4

94. C+ conc H2SO4

95. F2+2X-

96. Cl2+2X-

97. Br2+2X-

98. F2+H2O

99. X2+H2O (X=Cl,Br and I)

100. I-+H++O3

101. Mg +Br2

102. MnO2+HCl

103. KMnO4+HCl

104. NaCl+MnO2+HCl

105. Al+ Cl2

106. Fe+ Cl2

107. H2+ Cl2

108. H2S + Cl2

109. C10H16 + Cl2

110. NH3+ Cl2

(excess)

111. NH3 + Cl2

(excess)

112. NaOH + Cl2

(cold and dilute)

113. NaOH + Cl2

(Hot and conc)

114. Ca(OH)2 + Cl2

115. CH4+ Cl2

116. C2H4+ Cl2

117. FeSO4+H2SO4+ Cl2

118. Na2SO3+H2O+Cl2

119. SO2+ H2O+Cl2

120. I2 + H2O+Cl2

121. NaCl+H2SO4

122. NaHSO4+NaCl

123. HCl + H2O

124. NH3+HCl

125. Au+H++NO3-+Cl-

126. Pt+ H++NO3-+Cl-

127. Na2CO3+HCl

128. NaHCO3+ HCl

129. Na2SO3+ HCl

130. Fe+ HCl

437K
131. Cl2+F2

573K
132. Cl2+F2
(excess)

133. I2+Cl2

134. I2+Cl2
(excess)

135. Br2+F2

36. Br2+F2
(excess)

137. ClF+H2O

138. ClF3+H2O
139. BrF5+H2O

140. IF7+H2O

141. U+ClF3

142. 226
Ra ( decay)
88

673K
143. Xe+F2

1 bar
873K
144. Xe+F2
7 bar
573K
145. Xe+F2
60-70 bar
146. XeF4+O2F2

147. XeF2 +PF5

148. XeF4 + SbF5

149. XeF6+MF (M=Na,K,Rb,Cs)

150. XeF2 +H2O

151. XeF4 +H2O

152. XeF6+H2O

153. XeF6+H2O (partial hydrolysis)

154. XeF6+2H2O (partial hydrolysis)

IUPAC Nomeclature

I) Write the IUPAC names of the following compounds.

a) n- butyl chloride

b) iso butyl chloride

c) secondary butyl chloride

d) tertiary butyl chloride.

e) ethylidene chloride

f) ethylene di chloride f) vinyl chloride.

g) p- Cl C6H4 CH2 CH (CH3)2

h) m- Cl C6H4 CH2C (CH3)3

i) ( CCl3 )3 CCl

j) o- BrC6H4 CH( CH3) CH2 CH3

k) CH3- C (p-Cl C6H4 )2 CH(Br) CH3

F Cl

| |
l) CH3 C-CH2 C-CH3
| |
C2H5 C2H5

m) CH3CH=CH-CH2CH2Br

o) C6H5Cl

p) C6H5CH2Cl

II) Write the IUPAC names of the following compounds

1) CH3-CH-CH-CH-CH3 2) CH3- CH-CH2-CH-CH2 CH3

CH3 OH CH3 OH OH

3) Glycerol

4) ethylene glycol
5) CH3O CH2 CH-CH3

CH3

6) CH3O CH2 CH2O CH3

7) C6H5O CH2CH3

8) C6H5OCH3

9) C6H5O C7H15
NO2

10) CH3 CH2 CH CH CH(CH3)2

| |
CH2Cl CH2OH

11) p-OHC6H4OH

12) (CH3)3COC2H5

13) C6H5OCH3

14) C6H5O(CH2)6CH3

15) C6H5OCH2CH2CHCH3
|
CH3

16)

17) CH2=CH-CH-CH2CH2CH3
|
OH

18) (CH3)2C=C(Br)-CH2OH

19) CH3-O-CH2-CH(CH3)2
21)

III) Write the IUPAC names of the following compounds.

1. HCHO

2. CH3CHO

3. C6H5CHO

4. CH3COCH3

5. C6H5COCH3

6. C6H5COC6H5

7. C6H5COCH2CH3

8. CH3COCH2COCH3
9. CHO

12. CH2=CH-CHO

13.

14.

15. CHO - CH2-CH(CHO)-CH2-CHO

16. HCOOH

17. CH3COOH

18. C6H5COOH

19.
COOH

20.

IV) Write the IUPAC names of the following compounds:

1. CH3CH2CH2NH2

2. CH3CHCH3
|
NH2

3. C6H5NH2
 CH3
4. CH3CH2CH2N
C2H5

5. NH2CH2CH=CH2

6. NH2(CH2)6NH2

7. CH3CO N-CH3
|
C2H5

8. (CH3)2NH

9. C6H5N(CH3)2

10. CHO-CH(CHO)CH2CHO

11. COOH-CH(COOH)CH2COOH