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    Hydraulic Turbines Word

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    Hydraulic turbines convert the kinetic energy of flowing water into mechanical energy. They are classified based on the direction of water flow through the turbine and the type of energy conversion. A radial flow turbine such as a Francis turbine has water enter radially and exit axially, converting both pressure and kinetic energy in the process. The main components of a Francis turbine are the spiral casing enclosing the runner, stationary guide vanes that direct water onto the radial curved vanes of the rotating runner, and a draft tube that maintains water pressure at the outlet.

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    Hydraulic Turbines Word

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    Hydraulic turbines convert the kinetic energy of flowing water into mechanical energy. They are classified based on the direction of water flow through the turbine and the type of energy conversion. A radial flow turbine such as a Francis turbine has water enter radially and exit axially, converting both pressure and kinetic energy in the process. The main components of a Francis turbine are the spiral casing enclosing the runner, stationary guide vanes that direct water onto the radial curved vanes of the rotating runner, and a draft tube that maintains water pressure at the outlet.

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    Hydraulic turbines convert the kinetic energy of flowing water into mechanical energy. They are classified based on the direction of water flow through the turbine and the type of energy conversion. A radial flow turbine such as a Francis turbine has water enter radially and exit axially, converting both pressure and kinetic energy in the process. The main components of a Francis turbine are the spiral casing enclosing the runner, stationary guide vanes that direct water onto the radial curved vanes of the rotating runner, and a draft tube that maintains water pressure at the outlet.

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    22 views4 pages

    Hydraulic Turbines Word

    Uploaded by

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    Hydraulic turbines convert the kinetic energy of flowing water into mechanical energy. They are classified based on the direction of water flow through the turbine and the type of energy conversion. A radial flow turbine such as a Francis turbine has water enter radially and exit axially, converting both pressure and kinetic energy in the process. The main components of a Francis turbine are the spiral casing enclosing the runner, stationary guide vanes that direct water onto the radial curved vanes of the rotating runner, and a draft tube that maintains water pressure at the outlet.

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    Hydraulic Turbines

    Hydraulic turbines Hydraulic turbines are the machines which use the energy of water and
    convert it into mechanical energy. The mechanical energy developed by a turbine is used in
    running an an electric generator which couple to the turbine. According to the type of energy at
    the inlet or action of water flowing through the turbine runners, turbines classified as
    1. Impulse turbine
    2. Reaction turbine

    Also turbines are classified according to the direction of fluid flow or flow path
    1. Radial flow turbine
    2. Axial flow turbine
    3. Mixed flow turbine

    Radial flow turbines


    In this turbine water flows along the radial direction and remins mainly in the plane
    normal to the axis of rotation, as it passes through the runner. A radial flow turbine may be
    either inward radial flow or outward radial flow type. Old francis turbine is an example for
    the inward radial flow turbine
    Axial flow turbine
    In this flow of water through the runner is wholly and mainly along the direction parallel to
    the axis of rotation. Eg: propeller turbine, Kaplan Turbine Mixed flow turbine Water enters
    the runner at the outer periphery in radial direction and leaves the turbine at the centre in
    the direction parallel to the axis of rotation. Eg: modern Francis turbine

    Impulse turbine

    In the turbine all the available energy of water is converted into kinetic energy or velocity head
    by passing it through a converging nozzle provided at the end of penstock. Penstock is the pipe
    which carries water from the dam to power station.
    The water coming out of the nozzle is forced into a free jet which impinges on a series of buckets
    of the runner, thus causing it to revolve. The runner is a circular frame with series of buckets.
    These buckets are shaped like a double hemispherical cup. The buckets are made up of cast iron ,
    steel or bronze. The term impulse means that the force that turns the turbine comes from the
    impact of the jet on the blades.
    Working
    The water from the reservoir enters the nozzle through penstock. Nozzle converts its
    pressure energy into Kinetic energy. Water leaves the nozzle in the form of jet and
    impinges the buckets of runner, thus causing it to revolve. Eg: Pelton turbine

    Reaction turbine
    In reaction turbine at the entrance to the runner, only a part of the available energy of
    water is converted into kinetic energy and substantial part of pressure energy remains. As
    the water flows through the runner the change from pressure energy to K.E. takes place
    gradually.

    Francis Turbine is an Inward Flow Reaction Turbine having Radial Discharge at Outlet. .
    Modern Francis Turbine is a mixed flow type turbine (i.e. Water enters the runner of the
    turbine in the radial direction and leaves the runner in the axial direction). Radial Flow
    Turbines are those turbines in which the water flows in the Radial Direction. In Francis
    Turbine the water flows from outwards to inwards through the runner (Inward Flow
    Radial Turbine). Reaction Turbine means that the water at the in let of the Turbine
    possesses Kinetic Energy as well as Pressure Energy.
    CONSTRUCTION: - The main parts of Francis Turbine are:

    CASING
    The runner is completely enclosed in an air-tight spiral casing. The casing and runner are
    always full of water.

    GUIDE MECHANISM/GUIDE VANE


    It consists of a circular wheel all round the runner of the turbine. The stationary guide
    vanes are fixed on the guide wheel. The guide vanes allow the water to strike the vanes
    fixed on the runner without shock at inlet. Also width between the two adjacent vanes can
    be altered so that amount of water striking the runner can be varied.

    RUNNER
    It is a circular wheel on which a series of Radial Curved Vanes are fixed. The vanes are so
    shaped that the water enters and leaves the runner without shock.

    DRAFT TUBE
    The pressure at the exit of the runner of Reaction Turbine is generally less than
    atmospheric pressure. The water at exit cannot be directly discharged to the tail race. A
    tube or pipe of gradually increasing area is used for discharging water from the exit of
    turbine to the tail race. This tube of increasing area is called Draft Tube. One end of the
    tube is connected to the outlet of runner while the other end is sub-merged below the level
    of water in the tail-race

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