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    Hydraulic Turbines and Its Classification

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    Adhanom G.
    Hydraulic turbines are classified in several ways: 1) Based on hydraulic action as either impulse turbines where water's kinetic energy is converted before striking the runner, like Pelton wheels, or reaction turbines where both pressure and kinetic energy are used, like Francis and Kaplan turbines. 2) Based on flow as radial, axial, or tangential depending on the direction water enters and exits the runner. 3) Based on head and flow rate as high, medium, low, or very low head turbines suited for different applications like Pelton, Francis, Kaplan, or propeller turbines.

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    Hydraulic Turbines and Its Classification

    Uploaded by

    Adhanom G.
    39 views18 pages
    Hydraulic turbines are classified in several ways: 1) Based on hydraulic action as either impulse turbines where water's kinetic energy is converted before striking the runner, like Pelton wheels, or reaction turbines where both pressure and kinetic energy are used, like Francis and Kaplan turbines. 2) Based on flow as radial, axial, or tangential depending on the direction water enters and exits the runner. 3) Based on head and flow rate as high, medium, low, or very low head turbines suited for different applications like Pelton, Francis, Kaplan, or propeller turbines.

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    Hydraulic turbines are classified in several ways: 1) Based on hydraulic action as either impulse turbines where water's kinetic energy is converted before striking the runner, like Pelton wheels, or reaction turbines where both pressure and kinetic energy are used, like Francis and Kaplan turbines. 2) Based on flow as radial, axial, or tangential depending on the direction water enters and exits the runner. 3) Based on head and flow rate as high, medium, low, or very low head turbines suited for different applications like Pelton, Francis, Kaplan, or propeller turbines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    39 views18 pages

    Hydraulic Turbines and Its Classification

    Uploaded by

    Adhanom G.
    Hydraulic turbines are classified in several ways: 1) Based on hydraulic action as either impulse turbines where water's kinetic energy is converted before striking the runner, like Pelton wheels, or reaction turbines where both pressure and kinetic energy are used, like Francis and Kaplan turbines. 2) Based on flow as radial, axial, or tangential depending on the direction water enters and exits the runner. 3) Based on head and flow rate as high, medium, low, or very low head turbines suited for different applications like Pelton, Francis, Kaplan, or propeller turbines.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    HYDRAULIC TURBINES AND

    ITS CLASSIFICATION
    Definition
    Hydraulic Turbine is a prime mover that
    uses the energy of flowing water and
    converts it into the mechanical energy in
    the form of rotation of runner wheel.
    Also termed as ‘water turbines’.
    Flow sheet of hydroelectric power plant
    Classification
    Based on hydraulic action of water
    Based on direction of flow
    Based on head of water and quantity of flow
    Based on specific speed
    Based on disposition of turbine shaft
    Based on name of originator (commonly used
    turbines)
    Based on hydraulic action of water
    Impulse turbine : One in which all the energy of
    water is converted to kinetic energy before the
    water strikes the vanes of the runner wheel. This
    is done by passing the flow through nozzle or
    some guidelines. The runner is rotated by the
    force of water and water passes over the wheel
    at atmospheric pressure.
    Ex- Pelton Wheel
    Impulse Turbine
    Reaction Turbine : Here, water entering the runner
    wheel of the turbine has both kinetic energy and
    pressure energy that is total head of water striking
    the runner wheel ,consist partly of pressure head.
    E.g- Francis turbine, Propeller turbine, Kaplan
    turbine
    Reaction Turbine (Kaplan Turbine)
    Based on direction of flow
     Radial flow turbine : A radial flow turbine is a turbine in
    which the water as it move along the vane flow towards
    the axis of rotation or away from it.
    Radial flow turbine is of two types:
    I. Inward flow turbine : If the flow of water is towards the
    axis of rotation, its called inward flow turbine.
    II. Outward flow turbine : If the flow of water is away from
    the axis of rotation , its called outward flow turbine.
    Radial Flow Turbine
    Axial flow turbine : Its the turbine in which water
    enters the runner wheel parallel to the direction of
    axis of rotation of runner.
    Ex- Kaplan turbine, Propeller turbine
    Tangential flow turbine : Its the turbine in which
    water strikes the runner wheel tangentially to the
    path of rotation.
    Ex- Pelton turbine
    Axial Flow Turbine
    Mixed flow turbine : It’s the turbine in which
    the direction of flow is partly radial and partly
    axial. Water enters the blade radially and
    comes out axially parallel to the turbine shaft.
    Based on head of water and quantity of
    flow
    High head turbine : when head is above 250 m
    Ex- Pelton wheel
    Medium head turbine : when head is between 60m – 250m
    Ex- Francis turbine
    Low head turbine : When head is between 15-60 m
    Ex- kaplan turbine
    Very low head turbine: When is head is less than 15m
    Ex- Propeller turbine
    Based on specific speed
    Specific speed Types of turbine

    10-35 Pelton wheel with one nozzle


    35-60 Pelton wheel with two or more
    nozzle, Multi jet pelton wheel
    60-300 Francis turbine
    300-1000 Kaplan turbine
    Based on disposition of turbine shaft
    Turbine shaft may be either vertical or
    horizontal. Pelton turbine usually have
    horizontal shafts whereas the rest have
    vertical shafts.
    Based on name of originator
    Pelton wheel : Tangential flow impulse turbine used
    for high head of water.
    Francis turbine : Inward flow reaction turbine used
    for medium head of water.
    Kaplan turbine : Axial flow adjustable blades
    reaction turbine used for low head of water.
    Propeller turbine : Fixed blades axial flow reaction
    turbine used for very low head of water.
    Francis Turbine
    Propeller Turbine
    Kaplan Turbine

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