N.Sudharsan 621313103104 R.Sukumar 621313103105 S.Vijai 621313103122 S.Viswanathan 621313103125

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF
CONCRETE BY USING FLY ASH AND LEATHER WASTE
Submitted by,
N.SUDHARSAN 621313103104
R.SUKUMAR 621313103105
S.VIJAI 621313103122
S.VISWANATHAN 621313103125
Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

Of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEEGING
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING
KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

THOTTIAM-621215
ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600025
APRIL 2017
1
ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600 025
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project report EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON
MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR CONCRETE BY USING FLY ASH AND
LEATHER WASTE is the bonafide work of
N.SUDHARSAN 621313103104
R.SUKUMAR 621313103105
S.VIJAI 621313103122
S.VISWANATHAN 621313103125
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
Mr.K.MADESHWARAN,M.E(Ph.D) Ms.T.SOUNDHARYA.M.E
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
Kongunadu college of engineering and Technology - Thottiam
Submitted for the university practical examination held on
INTENAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are very grateful to our chairman Thiru.Dr.PERIYASAMY for

providing facilities and giving encouragement to do this project in a successful
manner.
We wish to offer our since thanks to our treasur

Er.PSK.S.THENNARASU for the motivation.
We express our thanks to our vice chairman Er.PSK.P.ARUNKUMAR
We also express our heartfelt thanks to Dr.R.ASHOKAN, M.Tech.,

PhD Principal, Kongunadu college of Engineering and Technology, Trichy, for
approving this project.
We also feel happy to thank Dr.J.YOGAPRIYA,dean ,research and

development for her profound motivation.
We express our profound and sincere gratitude to my Head of the

Department, Mr.K.MADHESWARAN, M.E., (Ph.D.,) Associate professor
Kongunadu college of Engineering and Technology, Trichy, for his support and
valuable suggestions extended.
We express our sincere gratitude & a very special thanks to my Supervisor

Mrs.T.SOUNTHARYA, M.E., Assistant Professor Kongunadu College of
Engineering and Technology, Trichy, for the concern persistent encouragement
and valuable guidance.
We express our thanks to our parents, friends, faculty and other members for
helping in their mutual way to do this project.
3
ABSTRACT
In India thermal power plants produce more than 120 million tons of fly ash
per year as a waste product, out of merely 40% is utilized. The problem of
waste management (Disposal & utilization) is complicated due to the sheer
amount of ash content in our coal. Also , it has been stated that about 600,000
tons of solid waste is being generated worldwide by the leather industry out of
which 6% waste is leather lime. bulk utilization of leather lime, and fly ash is
possible in concrete making. Utilization of these material increases the strength
of concrete which will control the distress of the concrete. Perpectual concrete
will benefit only from perpetual foundation which is practically possible by
doing soil stabilization with lime, Fly ash. Fly Ash mission was initiated in
1994 to promote gainful and environment friendly utilization of the material.
One of the areas identified for its bulk utilization was in construction of roads
and embankments. Concrete is being widely used for the construction of most
of the buildings, bridges, etc. throughout the world. Hence it is the backbone to
the infra-structure development of a nation. India is taking major initiatives to
improve and develop its infrastructure by constructing express highways, power
projects and industrial structures. A huge quantity of concrete is required to
meet out infrastructure development. Fly ash is a by-product of burned coal
from power station. Considerable efforts are being taken worldwide to utilize
natural waste
LIST OF CONTENTS
4
CHAPTER NO CONTENT PAGE NO
ABSTRACT iv
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURE ix
1. 1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.1.1 General introduction 1
1.1.2 Objective 1
1.1.3 Scope 2
1.1.4 Methodology 2
1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3
2. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION 5
2.1 MATERIAL USED
2.1.1 Cement 5
2.1.2 Fine aggregate 5
2.1.3 Coarse aggregate 5
2.1.4 Water 5
2.1.5 Leather waste 5
2.2 PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL 6
2.2.1 Specific gravity of materials 6
5
2.3 TEST ON FINE AGGREGATE 7
2.3.1 Particle size distribution 7
2.5 PROPERTIES OF LEATHER WASTE

2.6 CONCRETE MIX DESIGN 9
2.6.1 Introduction 9
2.6.2 Types of mix design 9
2.6.3 Mix design by IS method 9
2.6.4 Mix design for M30 concrete 9
2.6.5 Mix proportions at different
Replacement levels 12
2.7 DETAILS OF EXPERIMENTS

2.7.1 Compressive strength test 14
2.7.2 Split tensile strength 15
2.7.3 Result and discussion 16
2.7.3.1 Compressive strength and

Split tensile strength of concrete 16
2.7.3.2 Compressive strength at 7 days curing 16
2.7.3.3 Split tensile strength at 7 days curing 17
6
3 CONCLUSION 24
REFERENCE 25
LIST OF TABLES
7
TABLE NO CONTENT PAGE NO
2.2.1 specific gravity of material 7
2.3.1 particles size distribution of conventional
Fine aggregate 8
2.4.1 particles size distribution of conventional
Coarse aggregate 8
2.6.5 Mix proportions at different replacement
Levels 12
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO CONTENT PAGE NO
8
1.1.4 Methodology 2
2.7.1.1 Compressive strength testing of cube 13
2.7.2.1 Split tensile strength testing of
Cylinder 14

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF

CONCRETE BY USING FLY ASH AND LEATHER WASTE

Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

ANNA UNIVERSITY: CHENNAI 600025

Submitted for the university practical examination held on

INTENAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

We are very grateful to our chairman Thiru.Dr.PERIYASAMY for

We wish to offer our since thanks to our treasur

We express our thanks to our vice chairman Er.PSK.P.ARUNKUMAR

We also express our heartfelt thanks to Dr.R.ASHOKAN, M.Tech.,

We also feel happy to thank Dr.J.YOGAPRIYA,dean ,research and

We express our profound and sincere gratitude to my Head of the

We express our sincere gratitude & a very special thanks to my Supervisor

LIST OF TABLES viii

1.2 LITERATURE REVIEW 3

2.1.2 Fine aggregate 5

2.1.3 Coarse aggregate 5

2.1.5 Leather waste 5

2.2 PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL 6

2.2.1 Specific gravity of materials 6

2.3.1 Particle size distribution 7

2.5 PROPERTIES OF LEATHER WASTE

2.6.2 Types of mix design 9

2.6.3 Mix design by IS method 9

2.6.4 Mix design for M30 concrete 9

2.6.5 Mix proportions at different

2.7 DETAILS OF EXPERIMENTS

2.7.2 Split tensile strength 15

2.7.3 Result and discussion 16

2.7.3.1 Compressive strength and

2.7.3.2 Compressive strength at 7 days curing 16

2.7.3.3 Split tensile strength at 7 days curing 17

2.7.3.4 Compressive strength at 14 days curing 18

2.7.3.5 Split tensile strength at 14 days curing 19

2.7.3.6 Compressive strength at 28 days curing 20

2.7.3.7 Split tensile strength at 28 days curing 21

2.3.1 particles size distribution of conventional

2.4.1 particles size distribution of conventional

2.6.5 Mix proportions at different replacement

2.7.3.2 Compressive strength at 7 days curing 16

2.7.3.3 Split tensile strength at 7 days curing 17

2.7.3.4 Compressive strength at 14 days curing 18

2.7.3.5 Split tensile strength at 14 days curing 19

2.7.3.6 Compressive strength at 28 days curing 20

2.7.3.7 Split tensile strength at 28 days curing 21

2.7.3.8 Compressive strength at 7 days curing 22

2.7.3.9 Compressive strength at 14 days curing 23

2.7.3.10 Compressive strength at 28 days curing 24

FIGURE NO CONTENT PAGE NO

2.7.1.1 Compressive strength testing of cube 13

2.7.2.1 Split tensile strength testing of

2.7.3.2 Compressive strength at 7 days curing 16

2.7.3.3 Split tensile strength at 7 days curing 17

2.7.3.4 Compressive strength at 14 days curing 18

2.7.3.5 Split tensile strength at 14 days curing 19

2.7.3.6 Compressive strength at 28 days curing 20

2.7.3.7 Split tensile strength at 28 days curing 21