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Number Systems 1

In this Chapter following topics will be covered Composite Numbers: Any number other than prime
numbers called as composite numbers. Examples are
Introduction 2, 4, 8, 10.so on.
LCM and HCF Divisibility rules:
Units Digits and Remainders
Problems on Simple equations Divisibility by 2: Any number ends with even
number is divided by 2.
This is the most important chapter in Examples are 298, 302, 1024 etc.
quantitative aptitude for any competitive exams.
From this chapter, questions will come from Divisibility by 3: If Sum of the digits in a number is
simplifications, divisibility rules, finding multiple of 3, then number is divided by 3. Example,
remainders, finding unit digits (or last digits), take a number 1236. Sum of the digits is 1 + 2 + 3 +
problems based on LCM and HCFetc. 6 = 12, which is a multiple of 3 is so number is
divided by 3.
Natural numbers: Numbers which are used for Check for 54749 and 987.
counting, it means all positive integers are natural
numbers. Examples are 1, 2, 3, and so on. Divisibility by 4: A number formed with last two
Based on divisibility there are two types of natural digits in a number if it is divided by 4 then number
numbers: Prime and Composite. is divided by 4.
Example: 18548. Check if 48 is divided by 4, then
Prime Numbers: A number which doesnt have 18548 is divided by 4.
factors other than one.
Number 6 factors, are 1, 2 and 3. Factors for 8 are 1, Divisibility by 5: If a number ends with zero or five
2 and 4 and factors for 7, only 1 and itself. then number is divided by 5. (eg.15, 20, 1255...).
Therefore, 7 is a prime number.
Prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, Divisibility by 6: If a number is divided by both 2
31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, and 3, then number is divided by 6.
and 97 so on. The only even number which is a
prime number is 2. Divisibility by 7: If the difference between the
number of tens in the number and twice of the unit
Note: For every prime number greater than 3, digit is 0 or divisible by 7, then number is divided by
generally will be in the form of 6n 1or 6n 1 , 7.
where n is integer, but vice versa is not true, i.e. Take a number 987, double the unit digit is7 2 = 14
numbers which are in the form 6n 1or 6n 1 need difference is 98 14 84 , check if 84 is divided by
not be a prime. 7. So number 987 is divided by 7.
To check given number is prime number or not:
Example: 181 Divisibility by 8: A number formed with last three
digits in a number if it is divided by 8 then number
Take a square root of the number, for 181, square is divided by 8.
root lies between 13 and 14. Generally we round of The number 4816 is divisible by 8 because 816 is
the square root to lower integer, i.e. 13. divided by 8.
Now, we note down all the prime numbers which are
less than 13 are 2, 3, 5, 7 and 11. If any of above Divisibility by 9: A number divisible by 9, if sum of
prime number divides given number i.e. 191, then the digits of a number is multiple of 9. Take an
we say given number is not a prime. example 60813, sum of the digits is 6 + 0 + 8 + 1 + 3
If n is a prime number then, 2n 1 is also a prime =18, is a multiple of 9.
number. 219 1 is prime since 19 is a prime number.
Divisibility by 10: A number should end with 0.
Divisibility by 11: If sum of the alternate digits is
same or differ by multiples of 11. Take 1430,

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Number Systems 2

1 3 4 and sum of the other digits is also 4 (= 4 + Example 1: 7845 + 3479 + 6432 + 5894 =?
0) so number is divided by 11. A 24655 B 23650 C 23655 D 24660
Take 587543, sums are 5 7 4 8 5 3 16 Solution: Start with unit digits
equal here so number is divided by 11. Check for 5 9 2 4 20 0 carry 2
398849 and 5477319. So, options A and C are eliminated.
4 7 3 9 carry 2 = 25
Divisibility by 19: If the addition of the number of
5 carry 2
tens in the number and twice of the unit digit is
divisible by 19, then number is divided by 19. Take Last 2 digits of the answer will have 50, option B is
684, 68 + 2 4 =76 is divisible by 19. If we have a correct. If one of the options is none of these then
big number we continue above process step by step. we need to do addition till the last step.

Whole numbers: Natural numbers and zero called Example 2: 9548 + 7314 = 8362 +?
as whole numbers which are non-negative integers. A 8230 B 8410 C 8500 D 8600
Solution: Consider unit digits on both the sides.
Real numbers: A real number is a value that 8 + 4 = 12 = 2 +? so last digit of the answer should
represents any quantity along a number line (number be 0. Going to next step, i.e. adding the tens digits,
line represents numbers from - to + ). Because Then, 4 + 1 + carry 1 from previous step = 6 = 6 +?
they lie on a number line, their size can be So tens digit of the answer should be 0. Options A
compared. You can say one is greater or less than and B are eliminated. Add the digits of the hundreds
another, and do arithmetic with them. place, 5 + 3 = 8 = 3 +?. 5 should be there. So option
C is correct.
Rational numbers: A rational number is one that
can be represented as the ratio of two integers. For Practice Set 1:
example all the numbers below are rational:
1. What should be the maximum value of B in the
1 3
, ... following equation, 5A9 7B2 + 9C6 = 823 A
2 5 6B5C7D9

Irrational numbers: An irrational number cannot 2. When 335 is added to 5A7, the result is 8B2
be written as the ratio of two integers. Examples, which is divisible by 3. What is largest possible
Pi = 3.14, e = 2.718, 2 =1.4142 value of A? A 8 B 2 C 1 D 4

Simplify the following: 3. If A381 is divisible by 11, find the value of

1. 89 + 19 + 39 + 97 + 78 + 101=? smallest number A? A 1 B 2 C 5 D 7
2. 87 95 89 98 99 ?
3. 989 + 992 997 + 991 + 979 =? 4. If x and y are the integers such that (3x + 7y) is a
multiple of 11, which of the following will also
Solutions: be divisible by 11?
1. 90 1 + 20 1 + 40 1 + 100 3 + 80 2 A 4x + 6y B x + y C 9x + 4y D 4x 9y
+ 100 +1 = 90 + 20 + 40 + 100 + 80 + 100
7 = 423 5. What least number should be subtracted from
28038, so that the remaining will be divisible by
2. 90 3 90 5 90 1+ 90 + 8 + 90 + 9 15? A 8 B 3 C 5 D 6
= 468 Or 5 100 13 5 11 2 1
6. If a boy multiplied 36 by a number and obtains
= 500 32 =468 8674 as his answer which is wrong. What is
correct answer? A 8672 B 8676 C 8678 D 8680
3. 1000 11 1000 8 (1000 3)
+ 1000 9 + 1000 21 4000 1000 46 7. In four consecutive prime numbers, there are in
= 2954. ascending order, product of first three is 385,

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Number Systems 3

and that of last three is 1001. The largest given Lets take a 2 digit number, 43, reverse the digits
prime number is? A 17 B 19 C 11 D 13 and subtract the number from original number.
43 34 = 9 (= 9 1).
8. Product of three consecutive numbers is whose Take one more example 72, 72 27 = 45 (= 9 5).
sum is 15? A 120 B 150 C 125 D 210

Suppose 33 divided by 5, 3 is the remainder. So we Important observation is whenever, if take the

write as 33 = 5 6 + 3. difference between a number and number
In a division sum, dividend (N) = divisor (d) obtained by reversing the digits of original
quotient (q) + remainder (r). number is always 9 multiple.
Number = d q + r.
Example 5: Difference between a two digit number
Example 3: If a number is divided by 4 gives and number obtained by reversing the digits of
remainder 3, find the remainder if twice of that actual number is always divisible by? (S.S.C 2013)
number divided by 4? (S.S.C 2012) A 11 B 10 C 9 D None
Solution: Let number is n. Solution: Assume number is XY number obtained by
n = 4q + 3. 2n/ 4 = (2 4q + 2 3) = (8q + 6)/ 4. reversing the digits is YX.
Remainder is 2. If square of that number is divided So (10X + Y) (10Y + X) = 9 (X Y).
by 4, n2 = (4q + 3)2 = 16q2 + 24q + 9, remainder is 1 So difference always equals to 9 multiple.
(since 9/4 gives remainder 1).
14. Sum of the digits of a two digit number is 10,
Example 4: Two numbers 19 and 14 are divided by while when the digits are reversed, number
a number n leaves the same remainder. Find the decreases by 54. Find the changed number?
value of n? A 5 B 6 C 4 D 7 (S.S.C 2013) A 28 B 19 C 82 D 46
Solution: This kind of problems you can check with
options. Take the difference between 19 and 14, i.e. 15. Raju had to do a multiplication, instead of taking
19 14 = 5. It means if 14 and 19 divide by 5 or its 34 as one of the multipliers, he took 43. As a
factors, leaves the same remainders. result, the product went up by 540. What is
correct answer? A 2020 B 2040 C 1860 D None
9. In a division sum, the divisor is 3 times the
quotient and 6 times the remainder, if the 16. How many two digit numbers are there to give a
remainder is 2, then dividend? A 36 B 28 C 50 perfect square number when they added to
D 48 number formed by reversing the digits? A 4 B 8
C 12 D 10
10. A number is divided by 72 gives 12 remainder
as, find the remainder if the same number is
divided by 9? A 5 B 6 C 3 D 4 Difference between a 3 digit number and
number obtained by reversing the digits of
11. If a number is divided by a divisor remainder is actual number is, like 783 387 = 396 (= 99 x
24, if twice of the number is divided by same 4).
divisor remainder will be 11. Find the divisor? Let take a 3 digit number, XYZ, value of it is
A 25 B 31 C 37 D 32 100X + 10Y + Z. Number obtained by
reversing the digits is ZYX, value is 100Z +
12. Two numbers 79 and 54 are divided by a 10Y + X.
number n leaves the same remainder. Find the Difference is, (100X + 10Y + Z) (100Z +
value of n? A 10 B 5 C 25 D both B and C 10Y + X) = 99 (X Z) = 99 multiple.

13. Two numbers 4794 and 3378 are divided by a

number n leaves the same remainder. Find the 17. The difference between 791 and its reverse is
value of n? A 472 B 365 C 452 D none divided by 99, and then quotient is?
A0B4C3D6

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Number Systems 4

Squares: D. Difference is 98 100 = 2. The last digit in

Try to remember square of numbers from answer is 22 = 4. = 98 + (2) = 96 so answer
1to 20. Procedure to find square of numbers ending is 9604.
with 5, take some examples 15, 25, 35, 75, 95,
375etc. Square root of a perfect square number
Perfect square number ends with digits 0, 1, 4, 9, 6,
Example 6: Find the value of 75 ?
2 and 5 only. (12 = 1, 22 = 4, 32 = 9, 42 = 16, 52 = 25,
Solution: 62 = 36, 72 = 49, 82 = 64, 92 = 81, 102 = 100)
2
Step1: The last 2 digits of the answer is, 5 = 25.
Step2: Remaining part of the answer is, take 7 and Example 8: 2209 ?
multiply it with next number i.e. 8, so its 7 8 = 56. A 43 B 47 C 57 D 53
Solution: Divide 2209 into two parts as 22 and
Join the two parts 25 and 56. 75 5625 .
2
09. Number ending with 9 so last digit of the answer
It works for any number ending with 5.
is may be 3 or 7 (since 3 09 , 7 2 49 )
2
352 1225 (Since 3 4 = 12)
Take remaining part 22 which is 4 22 5 so we
2 2
952 9025 (Since 9 10 =90)
can take 4. From above we can say answer is 43 or
1952 38025 (Since 19 20 = 380) 47, but 2209 is close to 452 = 2025 so final answer is
362 (35 1) 2 1225 1 2 35 1 = 1296 47 (2209 > 2025(=452)).
642 (65 1) 2 4225 1 2 65 1
Get the answers:
892 (90 1) 2 8100 1 2 90 1
A. Find the 7056 =?
722 (70 2)2 , 612 (60 1) 2
B. Find the 4489 =?
87 2 (90 3)2 Or (85 2) 2 .
C. Find the 2809 5929 ?
Example 7: Find the squares of 17689 1849
A. 104 D. ?
3249 1089
B. 109
C. 113
D. 98 Square root of a non-perfect square number

Solutions: Example 9:
A. Take 100 as base, since 104 is close to 100. 1. 39 =?
Difference is 104 100 = 4.The last two digits
2. 500 =?
of the answer is 4 16 .Remaining part of
2

the answer is = 104 + 4 (difference) = 108 so 3. 3125 =?

final answer is 10816. 4. 93500 ?
5. 38472148 =?
B. Difference is 109 100 = 9.The last two digits
of the answer is 9 81 =109 + 9 = 118 so
2
Solutions:
final answer is 11881.
1. We know 6 36 and 7 49 so answer
2 2

C. 113 100 = 13 13 169 . The last two must be in the range of 6 to 7. Now start with
2

digits of the answer is 69 and 1 goes as carry guessing. Lets start with 6 divide 39 by 6.
39
for the next step. Remaining part is = 113 + 13 6.5 and take averageof 6 and 6.5.
= 126 + carry (i.e.1) =127, so final answer is 6
=12769.

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Number Systems 5

6.5 6 18. Difference between squares of two consecutive

6.25 . So 39 is 6.25 (Very numbers is 71, find the numbers?
2
A 35 and 34 B 36 and 37 C 36 and 35 D None
close approximate value).
Example 10: Difference between the squares of two
2. We know that, 20 400 and 25 = 625 so
2 2
consecutive odd integers is always divisible by
initial guess is 20. (MAT 2003) A 3 B 6 C 7 D 8
500 20 25 Solution: Take 5 and 7, 49 25 = 24.
25 22.5 Take 3 and 5, 25 9 = 16. So 8 is the answer.
20 2 . Or 2x is even number, 2x + 1 is odd number, next
3. 55 3025, 60 3600 , so
2 2
expected odd number will be 2x + 3. = (2 x 3) 2 (2 x 1) 2 =
answer will be in the range of 55 to 60 and 12x + 9 4x 1= 8 (x 1)
that too close to 55, therefore start with Difference is multiple of 8.
guessing 55.
3125 56.8181 55 Cubes
56.8181
55 2 Try to remember cubes of numbers only from 1
55.90 to 9.
1 = 1
4. Divide this into three parts as 9, 35 and 00. 2 = 8
For 9 take 3, for 35 take 0 and for 00 take 0 3 = 27
therefore our initial guess is 300. Divide 4 = 64
93500 by 300. 5 = 125
93500 311.666 300 6 = 216
311.666 7 = 343
300 2 8 = 512
305.833 9 = 729
10 = 1000
5. Divide this number into two digit groups as One interesting property, please note the last digits
48, 21, 47 and 38. For 38 take 6, for 47 take 0, (unit digit for each numbers cube).
for 21 take 0, for 48 take 0 therefore divide the 1= 1 => last digit is 1
given number by 6000. 2= 8 => last digit is 8
38472148 3= 27 => last digit is 7
6412.014 4= 64 => last digit is 4
6000
5= 125 => last digit is 5
6412.014 6000
= 6206.0123 6= 216 => last digit is 6
2 7=343 => last digit is 3
Get the answers: 8= 512 => last digit is 2
1. 270 ? 9= 729 => last digit is 9
10= 1000 => last digit is 0
2. 380 132 ?
3. 1150 2864 ? These are very useful in finding cube root of
a perfect cube number. If last or unit digit of the
perfect cube number is 0, then last digit of the cube
root is 0, if last digit of the perfect cube number is 2,
Difference between squares of two the last digit of the cube root is 8. (83 = 512, cube
consecutive numbers always equals to sum ends with 2)
of the numbers.
19. The least number which should be multiplied to
243 to get a perfect cube is (S.S.C 2012) A 2 B 3
Example: 41 40 81 = (41 + 40) (41 40).
2 2 C6D9

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Number Systems 6

Key
Set -1: 1 C 2 D 3 D 4 D 5 B 6 B 7 D 8 A 9 C 10 C LCM and HCF
11 C 12 D 13 A 14 C 15 B 16 B 17 D 18 C19 B Let us write multiples of numbers 6 and 8.
For 6 6,12,18, 24,30,36, 42, 48,54,...etc and
Finding cuberoot of a perfect cube number.
for 8 8,16, 24,32, 40, 48,56,64,72....etc
Example 11: There are some multiples which are
3 common for both i.e. 6 and 8. Common multiples for
A. 9261 =? A 21 B 31 C 41 D 29 6 and 8 are 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 or we can also write
B.
3
12167 =? A 23 B 33 C 27 D 29 them as 24, 2 24, 3 24, 4 24etc. So common
3 multiples are in the form of k 24, where
51653 =? A 37 B 47 C 39 D None
C. k 1, 2,3...etc .
3
D. 912673 =? Here, 24 is the first (least) common multiple.
L.C.M means least common multiple, a common
Solutions: multiple which occurs first, i.e. 24. Common
A. Divide the number into two parts first part multiples are in the form of k LCM.
should be last three digits of the number, as We can say L.C.M of two or more numbers is the
9 | 261 . Take the first part 261, last digit is 1, least number which is divisible by each of these
so last digit of the answer should contain 1. numbers (remainder is 0).
For remaining part of the answer, take second Write factors for 6 and 8.
part i.e. 9 note the highest cube less than 6 1, 2, 3, 6 and for 8 1, 2, 4, 8.
remaining number i.e. 9 here, 9. i.e. 2 = 8 < 9. Common factors are 1 and 2. Highest common
So answer is 21. This method works out only factor is 2.This is called as G.C.D or H.C.F of 6 and
for perfect cube number. By this method, for 8. H.C.F or G.C.D of two or more numbers is
3 highest factor or largest divisor of those numbers.
11061 will get same answer as 21 which is
wrong. If we have None as one of the options Example 12: Find H.C.F and L.C.M of 8, 12?
we cant use this method, we need to cross Solution: Take the ratio of the two numbers.
check. Simplify them to as minimum as possible. =
8 2
B. Divide the number into two parts as 12|167. , from here we cannot simplify anymore.
Take 167, last digit is 7, so last digit of the 12 3
answer must be 3 (since 3= 27). 2 = 8 < 12 To get H.C.F
therefore final answer is 23. 8 12 numerator denominator
= or 4 ( or ).
2 3 numerator denominator
C. By above method, 51|653, take 653, so last L.C.M is 8 3 or 12 2 = 24(Cross multiplication)
digit of the answer is 7 (since 7 = 343). Since
3= 27 < 51 therefore final answer is 37 which
is wrong. 373 = 50653 not 51653. Find H.C.F and L.C.M of following
1. 24 and 36?
D. Solution: 912|673, for 673 its 7. For 912 its 9 2. 24 and 64?
(since9 = 729 < 912) therefore answer is 97. 3. 54 and 36?

Get the answers: Answers:

3
19683 =? 24 12 4 2
A. 1.
B. 3
39304 =? 36 18 6 3
79507 3 103823 ?
24 36
12 and L.C.M is 24 3 =
3
C. H.C.F is or
2 3
3
238328 3 778688
D. ? 72.
3
24389 3 4913

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Number Systems 7

24 12 6 3 24 Example 14: The H.C.F and L.C.M of two numbers

2. ,HCF 8 , and are 12 and 144 respectively. Find the other number if
64 32 16 8 3
one of them is 36?
LCM is 24 8=192
Solution: 12 144 = 36 b, b = (12 144)/ 36 = 48.
36 18 6 2 36
3. , HCF 18 and
54 27 9 3 2 Example 15: Find the smallest number which when
LCM is 54 2 = 108 divided by 5 or 6, leaves a remainder of 2 in each
case and the number should be greater than 6 and 5?
Find H.C.F and L.C.M for following questions. Solution: Here, the L.C.M of 2 numbers is 5 6 = 30.
54 and 72? Hence the required number is 30 + 2 = 32. (Here,
36 and 42? same remainder in each case i.e.2)
48 and 36? Next numbers which satisfies above condition are 30
52 and 72? 2 + 2 = 62, 30 3 + 2 = 92, 30 4 + 2 = 122
255 and 195? etc. It means they are in the form of
L.C.M k + remainder, where k is 0, 1, 2, 3etc.
Example 13: Smallest 3 digit number which satisfies above
1. Find L.C.M and H.C.F of 24, 36 and 42? condition is 122.
2. L.C.M and H.C.F of 150, 210 and 300? Largest 3 digit number which satisfies above
condition is, first divide 999 by 30 (LCM) remainder
Solution: is 10, so number divided by 5 and 6 leaves
1. Method 1: we write above numbers in terms of remainder zero is 990, and number is 990 + 2 = 992.
Smallest 4 digit number can be
factors. 24 2 3 , 36 22 32 and
3
prime 990 30 1020 2 1022 .
42 2 3 7 . To get H.C.F, write common To get largest 4 digit number, we need to divide
prime factors for all the three numbers, i.e. = 9999 by 30. If you divide 9999 by 30, 10 is the
2 3 = 6. To get L.C.M, note all the prime remainder, so answer is 9990 + 2 = 9992.
factors that appear at least once in any of the
numbers: 2, 3 and 7. Take their highest powers
Any number which when divided by
in above numbers, = 2 3 7 = 504.
3 2
2 or more numbers leaving same remainder
Method 2: Take any two at a time, 24/36 = 2/3. r in each case in the form of (LCM of those
H.C.F = 24/2 = 36/3 = 12. Now, 12/42 = 2/7, numbers) k + r, where k is 0,1,2,3,etc.
H.C.F = 12/2 = 42/7 = 6. L.C.M = 24 3 = 36
2 = 72. Now, 72/42 = 12/7. L.C.M is 72 7 =
42 12 = 504.
Example 16: Find the smallest number which when
2. 150/210 = 5/7. H.C.F is 150/5 = 30 and LCM is divided by 5 or 8, gives reminders of 3 and 6
150 7 = 1050. 30/300 = 1/10, H.C.F is 30. respectively?
1050/300 = 7/2, L.C.M is 1050 2 = 2100. Solution: Here remainders are different. But the
difference between divisors and their remainders is
same in each case, 5 3 2 8 6 .
So answer for above problem is 40 2 = 38.
a and b are two numbers and relationship
between H.C.F and L.C.F of those two
numbers is, Any number which when divided
H.C.F L.C.M = a b, i.e. product of by a and b, gives remainders of c and d,
H.C.F and L.C.M of any two numbers where a c = b d = constant difference
equals to product of those two numbers. = (say) r, will be in the form of LCM of
those numbers) k r, where k = 1, 2,
3etc. (same approach for when more
than 2 numbers involved.)

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Number Systems 8

Practice set 2 11. If the students of 9th class are arranged in rows
of 6, 8, 12 or 16, no student is left behind. Then
1. L.C.M of two numbers is 2079 and their H.C.F the possible number of students in the class is?
is 27. If one of the numbers is 189, the other (S.S.C 2013) A 60 B 72 C 80 D 96
number is (S.S.C 2013) A 189 B 216 C 297 D
584 12. There is a number X which when divided by 3,
5, 7 and 9 leaves remainder of 1, but leaves a
2. The greatest 4 digit number exactly divisible by remainder of 7 when divided by 8. Find the least
10, 15 and 20 is? (S.S.C 2013)A 9990 B 9960 C such number possible?
9980 D 9995 (A) 316 (B) 946 (C) 631 (D) 1261

3. Find the largest 3 digit number which when 13. To celebrate their victory in the World Cup, the
divided by 12 or 8, leaves a remainder 3 in each Germans distributed sweets among themselves.
case? A 987 B 982 C 984 D 997 If the sweets were distributed equally among the
11 players, 2 sweets were left. If the sweets were
4. The least multiple of 13 which when divided by distributed equally among the 11 players, 3
4, 5, 6, 7 leaves remainder 3 in each case is? extras and 1 coach, then 6 sweets were left.
(S.S.C 2012) A 3780 B 3783 C 2520 D 2522 What could be the number of sweets in the box?
(A) 336 (B) 170 (C) 156 (D) 160
5. Find the largest 4 digit number which when
divided by 5 or 8, gives reminders of 3 and 6 14. If a person makes a row of toys of 20 each, there
respectively? A 9958 B 9996 C 9978 D 9998 would be 15 toys left. If they made to stand in
rows of 25 each, there would be 20 toys left, if
6. Two alarm clocks ring their alarm at regular they made to stand in rows of 38 each, there
intervals of 50 seconds and 48 seconds would be 33 toys left and if they are made to
respectively. When they ring together, if they stand in rows of 40 each, there would be 35 toys
ring at 8.00 AM for the first time? A 8.15 am B left. What is the minimum number of toys the
8.20 am C 8.25 am D 8.30 am person have?
(A) 3805 (B) 3795 (C) 3185 (D)4285
7. Two Traffic signals changes after 36 and 42
seconds respectively. If the lights are switched at Example 17: Two numbers are in the ratio 8: 5 their
9.00AM at what time will they change HCF is 3, numbers are?
simultaneously? A 9.04.12 AM B 9.04.16 AM Solution: If you take ratio between any 2 numbers,
C 9.06.12 AM D 9.04.20 AM HCF will get cancelled. Suppose take 16 and 18. =
16 2 8 8
8. A red light flashes five times in two minutes and (Here HCF is 2 got cancelled).
18 2 9 9
a green light flashes three times in one minute at
For above problem go in reverse way, numbers are 8
regular intervals of time. If both the lights flash
3 = 24 and 5 3 = 15.
at the same time, how many times flash together
in each hour? A 31 B 29 C 30 D 28
Example 18: Find the largest number with which
when 38 and 51 are divided gives remainders of 2
9. Two persons run in circular track takes 48 and
and 3 respectively?
36 seconds to complete one full cycle. When
Solution: Answer is HCF of (38 2) and (51 3)
they meet for the first time on the track at
i.e.12. (38 = 12 3 + 2 and 51 = 12 4 + 3).
starting point if they are running in
A. Same direction B. Opposite direction
The largest number with which when
10. Find the area of smallest square which can be
a and b divided, gives remainders of c and d
formed with dimensions 7 5 cm? A 125 B 35 C
Example
will be 19: Find the
the HCF c) and
of (alargest (b d).
number with which if
1225 D None
we divide 1000, 700 and 250, remainders are same?

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Solution: 1000 700 = 300, 700 250 = 450 18. The greatest number that will divide 19, 35 and
HCF of 300 and 450 is 150. 59 to leave the same remainder in each case is:
(S.S.C 2012) A 6 B 7 C 8 D 9
2 4 6 1
Largest number with which a, b and c ,
are divided gives same remainders will be HCF 19. HCF of 3 5 and 7 is? (S.S.C 2012) A 105 B
of (a b) and (b c) or difference between any 24 48 2
two. 105 C 105 D 105

20. Three gold coins of weight 780gm, 840gm and

960gm are cut into small pieces, all of which
LCM of numerators have the equal weight. Each piece must be heavy
LCM of fractions =
HCF of denominators as possible. If one such piece is shared by two
HCF of numerators persons, then how many persons are needed to
HCF of fractions = give all the pieces of gold coins?
LCM of denominators
(A) 43 (B) 72 (C) 86 (D) 100

21. Find the numbers which when divided by 7

2 4 gives a remainder of 3 and when divided by 5
Example 19: Find LCM and HCF of , ?
3 5 gives the remainder of 2.
Solution: LCM of numerators 2, 4 is 4. A. Least number
LCM of denominators 3, 5 is 15. B. Least 3 digit number
HCF of numerators 2, 4 is 2. C. Largest 3 digit number
HCF of denominators 3, 5 is 1. D. Least 4 digit number
4 E. Largest four digit number
LCM of fractions =
1 Units digits (Last digits)
HCF of numerators 2
HCF Of fractions = =
LCM of denominators 15 Find the units digit in the following expressions.
83 34 44 9113 37 19
83 31 41 99 37 65
15. Two equilateral triangles have the sides of 72 99 75 23 48 31 333 456
lengths 102 and 51 respectively.
A. The greatest length of tape that can measure 22. Unit digit of 3 38 537 1256? (S.S.C CGL
both of them exactly is. 2013) A 4 B 2 C 6 D 8
B. How many such equal parts can be
measured? 23. If the last digit in the product is 53n 457 235 is
zero
16. A farmer wants to plant 44 apple, 88 papayas A. What is the maximum possible value n may
and 66 banana trees in equal rows. The number take?
of rows (minimum) that are required are? A 11 B. How many such possible values for n?
B 18 C 9 D 22

17. There are 315 and 420 students. What is the Find the number of zeros in the expressions
minimum number of rooms required such that 15 33 42 8
all the rooms have equal number of students?
22 55 42 156 84
A 105 B 35 C 7 D None
11! 22! 33! 44! 55!

24. Find the number of zeros in the product 1, 3, 5,

799, 101 and 128? A 62 B 12 C 26 D 7

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Find the units digits in the below examples. C. I have rs.500 in my pocket, I spent 2/5th of
7199 9253 and 7199 9253 money on a book, find the price of that book and
7199 9253 2199 3198 find the money left with me?
123456789123456789 ? Solution: Cost of the book is 2/5 500 = 200.
Remaining money is 500 200 = 300 or 1 2/5
(997)1554 (799)4551 ?
= 3/5, = 3/5 500 = 300.
Remainders D. A person spends 1/3rd of his salary on food, 1/4th
on clothes and 1/8th on house rent; now he left
Find the remainders in following problems with rs.1400, find his salary?
If 14 15 divide by 8 Solution: Remaining is 1 (1/3) (1/4) (1/8) =
If 135 243 362 by 12 (24 8 6 3)/24 = 7/24. (7/24) Total salary =

76 78 79 1400. Salary = 20 24 = rs.4800
80
1256 1258 1259 E. If 21 is added to a number it becomes 7 less than
thrice of a number, and then the number is?
1260
(S.S.C 2012) A 14 B 16 C 18 D 19
Find remainders for following questions. Solution: Let number is n. 21 + n = 3n 7, n =
62135 62136
14.
And ?
9 9
F. Two pens and three pencils cost rs.86. Four pens
246153 336153
And ? and a pencil cost rs.112. Find the cost of a pen
13 16 and that of a pencil?
Solution: Let the cost of pen is x rupees and
25. The remainder when 1737+2937 is divided by 23, pencil cost is y rupees. 2x + 3y = 86. 4x + y =
is (S.S.C CGL 2012) A 17 B 29 C 0 D 1 112. By solving above equations, we get x =
rs.25 and y = rs.12.
26. The remainder when 6767 67 is divided by 68?
(S.S.C CGL 2001) A 67 B 1 C 0 D 66 4 5 4 2
27. of of a number is greater than of of of
15 7 9 5
the same number by 8. What is the half of that
Problems on Simple Equations number? A 630 B 540 C 315 D 100

Example 19: Find the following 28. A person spends 1/3rd of his salary on food,
1/4thof remaining on clothes and 1/8thof
A. The product of two numbers is 120 and sum of remaining on house rent; now he left with
their squares is 289, find the difference of the rs.1400, find his salary? A 3200 B 2400 C 4800
numbers? D 4000
Solution: Let numbers are x and y. xy = 120.
x2 + y2 = 289. (x y)2 = 289 2 120 = 49. 29. In a basket, there are 125 flowers. A man goes to
x y = 7. worship and offers as many flowers at each
temple as there are temples in the city. Thus he
B. The sum of squares of two numbers is 80 and needs 5 baskets of flowers. Find the number of
the square of their difference is 36. The product temples in the city (S.S.C CGL 2012) A 27 B 25
of the two numbers is? C 26 D 24
Solution: x2 + y2 = 80. (x y)2 =36 = 80 2xy.
xy = 44/2 = 22. 30. A man divides rs.8600 among 5 sons, 4
daughters and 2 nephews. If each daughter
receives four times as much as each nephew, and
each son receives five times as much as each

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nephew, how much does each daughter receive? three-fourth of the full mark. Find the capacity
(S.S.C CGL 2000) A 200 B 600 C 800 D 500 of the fuel tank.
(A) 36 L (B) 40 L (C) 44 L (D) 32 L
31. When an amount was distributed among 14
boys, each of them got rs.80 more than the 39. Out of a group of swans, 7/2 times the square
amount received by each boy when the same root of total number of swans are playing on the
amount is distributed equally among 18 boys. shore of the pond. The remaining two are inside
What was the amount? A 4080 B 5040 C 1200 the pond. Find the total number of swans?
D 1040 (A) 12 (B) 36 (C) 16 (D) 15

32. Kiran had 85 currency notes in all, some of 40. The highest score in an innings is 2/9th of the
which were of rs.100 denomination and total score in the inning and the next highest
remaining of rs.50 denomination. The total score is 2/9 of the remainder score. The
amount of all these currency notes was rs.5000. difference of two scores is 8 runs. Find the total
How much amount did she have in the score in the innings?
denomination of rs.50? A 15 B 60 C 70 D None (A) 160 (B) 162 (C) 186 (D) 196

33. The sum of a number and its reciprocal is 41. Find the number of even numbers between 102
164/18. Find the sum of that number and its and 252 if:
square root? A 12 B 16 C 8 D 20 A. Both the ends included
B. Only one end is included
34. The product of three consecutive even numbers C. Neither end is included
when divided by 24 is 96; find the product of
their square roots? A 32 B 36 C 28 D 48 42. Find the number of numbers between 301 and
400 (both included), that are not divisible by 3.
35. A total of 68 chocolates were distributed among (A) 68 (B) 65 (C) 66 (D) 67
12 children such that each girl gets 5 chocolates
and each boy gets 6 chocolates, find the number 43. The sum of the third powers of the first 100
natural numbers will have a units digit of?
of boys? A 8 B 6 C 9 D 4
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 4 (D) 0
36. My friends were organizing a picnic. They 44. In a three digit number the sum of the digits is
estimated the expenditure to be Rs.500, they 13. The tens digit is one less than the units digit.
mobilized some more friends. The number of Which of the following numbers cannot be a
people who actually went to the picnic increased digit in the hundreds place?
by five, the expenditure per head came down by (A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 5 (D) 6
five rupees. The people went for the picnics
were? 45. When we multiply a certain two digit number by
(A) 35 (B) 15 (C) 20 (D) 25 the sum of its digits, 238 is achieved. If we
multiply the number written in reverse order of
37. If a number multiplied by 33 and the same the same digits by the sum of the digits, we get
number is added to it, then we get a number that 301, find the number:
is half the square of that number. Find the (A) 27 (B) 43 (C) 34 (D) 26
number:
(A) 66 (B) 67 (C) 68 (D) None 46. The units digit of the expression
1952139 477137 6843333 is:
38. The fuel in tank contains 1/5 of the total capacity
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 0
of the tank. When 22 more liters of fuel are
poured into the tank, the indicator rests at the
47. Which of the following can never be in the
ending of a perfect square?

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(A) 5 (B) 9 (C) 00 (D) 000

48. The difference of 1025 7 and 1024 x is divisible

by 3, then x:
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 7 (D) 0

49. Find the two digit number if it is known that the

ratio of the required number and the sum of its
digits is 8 as also quotient of the product of its
digits and that of sum is 14/9:
(A) 42 (B) 72 (C) 86 (D) 91

50. Let x, y and z be distinct integers. x and y are

odd and positive, and z is even and positive.
Which one of the following statements cannot be
true?
(A) x y .z is even (B) x z . y is odd
2 2

(C) x y .z 2 is even (D) x y .z is odd

2

Practice set -2 Key:

1- C 2 B 3 A 4 B 5 D 6 B 7 A 8 C 9
Ans: 144; 10 C 11 D 12 C 13 C 14- B 15-
Ans: 51, 9; 16 C 17- C 18 C 19 - D 20 C 21
22 D 23 24 D 25 C 26 D 27 C 28 A 29
B 30 C 31- B 32 D 33 A 34 D 35- 36 D
37 A 38 B 39 C 40 B 41 - Ans: 76, 75, 74
42 D 43 D 44 C 45 C 46 D 47 D 48 A
49 B 50 D

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