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    Part 4 - Architectural Acoustics - Handout

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    Mike Posktova
    This document discusses key concepts in architectural acoustics including: 1) Sound pressure level is measured in decibels and decreases by 6 dB with every doubling of distance from the sound source due to the inverse square law. 2) Reflected sound plays a big role in how sound is perceived in rooms, with early reflections being integrated with direct sound. 3) Reverberation time is the time it takes for sound levels to decrease by 60 dB after the sound source stops. It depends on room volume and absorption properties of materials in the room. 4) Sound transmission between rooms can be quantified by transmission loss which accounts for the absorption of different materials in walls and partitions.

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    Part 4 - Architectural Acoustics - Handout

    Uploaded by

    Mike Posktova
    112 views8 pages
    This document discusses key concepts in architectural acoustics including: 1) Sound pressure level is measured in decibels and decreases by 6 dB with every doubling of distance from the sound source due to the inverse square law. 2) Reflected sound plays a big role in how sound is perceived in rooms, with early reflections being integrated with direct sound. 3) Reverberation time is the time it takes for sound levels to decrease by 60 dB after the sound source stops. It depends on room volume and absorption properties of materials in the room. 4) Sound transmission between rooms can be quantified by transmission loss which accounts for the absorption of different materials in walls and partitions.

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    Accoustic System

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    This document discusses key concepts in architectural acoustics including: 1) Sound pressure level is measured in decibels and decreases by 6 dB with every doubling of distance from the sound source due to the inverse square law. 2) Reflected sound plays a big role in how sound is perceived in rooms, with early reflections being integrated with direct sound. 3) Reverberation time is the time it takes for sound levels to decrease by 60 dB after the sound source stops. It depends on room volume and absorption properties of materials in the room. 4) Sound transmission between rooms can be quantified by transmission loss which accounts for the absorption of different materials in walls and partitions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    112 views8 pages

    Part 4 - Architectural Acoustics - Handout

    Uploaded by

    Mike Posktova
    This document discusses key concepts in architectural acoustics including: 1) Sound pressure level is measured in decibels and decreases by 6 dB with every doubling of distance from the sound source due to the inverse square law. 2) Reflected sound plays a big role in how sound is perceived in rooms, with early reflections being integrated with direct sound. 3) Reverberation time is the time it takes for sound levels to decrease by 60 dB after the sound source stops. It depends on room volume and absorption properties of materials in the room. 4) Sound transmission between rooms can be quantified by transmission loss which accounts for the absorption of different materials in walls and partitions.

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    Part 4

    Architectural Acoustics

    Sound Pressure Level (SPL)

    Since sound is a pressure wave, and the faintest


    sound detectable to the human ear is 20 Pa,
    we can work out a relationship to determine
    the sound pressure level in dB.

    p
    SPL dB = 20 log
    p0
    where:
    p = pressure in Pa
    p0 = reference pressure level (20 Pa)

    ECE 211 - Broadcast Engineering &


    Acoustics (Architectural Acoustics) 2

    1
    Inverse Square Law

    Each doubling of distance from the sound


    source results in a fourfold reduction of sound
    power (equal to 6 dB)

    dBNEW = dBOLD + 20 log DOLD 20 log DNEW

    where:

    dBNEW = new SPL


    dBOLD = original SPL
    DOLD = original distance from source
    DNEW = new distance from source

    ECE 211 - Broadcast Engineering &


    Acoustics (Architectural Acoustics) 3

    Some more definitions

    z Reverberation
    z Multiple, repetitive echoes

    z Echo
    z Repetition of sound by reflecting of sound waves
    from a surface
    z Sound produced in this manner

    ECE 211 - Broadcast Engineering &


    Acoustics (Architectural Acoustics) 4

    2
    Direct / Reflected Sound

    z Inside rooms, reflected sound plays a big part


    in the overall perception of sound
    z This reverberant sound may reinforce or
    diminish the original sound depending on the
    frequency and path lengths taken by the
    reflected sound
    z The amount of reverberant sound depends on
    the room dimensions, and the type and
    amount of materials present in the room

    ECE 211 - Broadcast Engineering &


    Acoustics (Architectural Acoustics) 5

    z Reinforcement of sound is an effect of so


    called early reflections
    z The hearing process integrates any reflections
    within the first 25 to 30 ms after hearing the
    direct sound, and essentially perceives them
    together with the direct sound itself
    z These are not technically called reverberations
    because they happen very quickly, and not
    perceived as separate sounds from the
    original
    ECE 211 - Broadcast Engineering &
    Acoustics (Architectural Acoustics) 6

    3
    ECE 211 - Broadcast Engineering &
    Acoustics (Architectural Acoustics) 7

    Reverberation time

    z The length of time it takes for the sound level


    to drop by 60 dB after the sound source has
    stopped emitting sound

    ECE 211 - Broadcast Engineering &


    Acoustics (Architectural Acoustics) 8

    4
    Wallace Clement Sabine
    z Father of modern architectural
    acoustics
    z The unit of sound absorption,
    the sabine (sometimes sabin),
    was named in his honor

    z sabine
    z Defined as one square meter of
    area in which 100% of the
    incident sound is absorbed

    ECE 211 - Broadcast Engineering &


    Acoustics (Architectural Acoustics) 9

    Reverberation time

    The formula for reverberation time is

    0.164V
    RT60 =
    S n n + N k Ak
    where:
    RT60 = reverberation time
    V = room volume, m3
    S = area of absorbent material of type n, m2
    = sound absorption coefficient of material of type n
    N = number of objects of type k
    A = absorption factor of object of type k

    ECE 211 - Broadcast Engineering &


    Acoustics (Architectural Acoustics) 10

    5
    z The sound absorption coefficient is the
    ratio of the non-returning sound energy to the
    incident sound energy.
    z The sound absorption coefficient of a
    material depends mainly on
    z on the porosity and aerodynamic resistance
    z on its resonance behavior
    z In general, porous materials absorb more
    strongly the high frequencies, and resonant
    materials the low frequencies
    ECE 211 - Broadcast Engineering &
    Acoustics (Architectural Acoustics) 11

    ECE 211 - Broadcast Engineering &


    Acoustics (Architectural Acoustics) 12

    6
    Problem

    Find the reverberation time of a room at 500 Hz


    which measures 30 x 10 x 4 m (L x W x H)
    with the room:
    a. bare
    b. back wall covered with thin curtains
    c. back wall covered with thick curtains and side walls with thin
    curtains
    d. with (c) and floor in velours carpet
    e. with (d) and 100 upholstered seats
    f. with the room half full
    g. with the room full

    ECE 211 - Broadcast Engineering &


    Acoustics (Architectural Acoustics) 13

    Sound Insulation

    z Sound entering a room from external areas


    can be controlled by quieting the source, by
    adding absorption to the source room (if the
    source is indoors) to lower the ambient level in
    the source room and hence the energy striking
    the party surface
    z Certain materials transmit sound striking it,
    while most are lost and dissipated in the
    material as heat

    ECE 211 - Broadcast Engineering &


    Acoustics (Architectural Acoustics) 14

    7
    The net transmission loss of a material (or
    partition) which consists of various materials
    can be obtained from
    S
    TL = 10 log
    s r
    n n
    where:
    TL = transmission loss
    S = total area of partition
    sn = individual areas of material
    rn = transmitivity of material

    *note:
    ri = 10(-T / 10)
    where:
    T = individual transmission loss of the material in dB

    ECE 211 - Broadcast Engineering &


    Acoustics (Architectural Acoustics) 15

    Problem

    A studio is separated from an office by a


    plywood wall (partition) measuring 3.5 x 7 m,
    with a 2.5 x 1 m glass pane. Access to the
    studio is through a heavy door measuring 1.5
    x 2.5 m. Find the ambient noise in the studio if
    the plywood, glass, & door provides 10, 5, and
    23 dB of attenuation respectively.

    ECE 211 - Broadcast Engineering &


    Acoustics (Architectural Acoustics) 16

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