Linear Algebra and Its Application.124 PDF

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114 Chapter 2 Vector Spaces

30. By locating the pivots, find a basis for the column space of

0 5 4 3
0 0 2 1

U = .
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
Express each column that is not in the basis as a combination of the basic columns,
Find also a matrix A with this echelon form U, but a different column space.
31. Find a counterexample to the following statement: If v1 , v2 , v3 , v4 is a basis for the
vector space R4 , and if W is a subspace, then some subset of the vs is a basis for W.
32. Find the dimensions of these vector spaces:
(a) The space of all vectors in R4 whose components add to zero.
(b) The nullspace of the 4 by 4 identity matrix.
(c) The space of all 4 by 4 matrices.
33. Suppose V is known to have dimension k. Prove that
(a) any k independent vectors in V form a basis;
(b) any k vectors that span V form a basis.
In other words, if the number of vectors is known to be correct, either of the two
properties of a basis implies the other.
34. Prove that if V and W are three-dimensional subspaces of R5 , then V and W must
have a nonzero vector in common. Hint: Start with bases for the two subspaces,
making six vectors in all.
35. True or false?
(a) If the columns of A are linearly independent, then Ax = b has exactly one solution
for every b.
(b) A 5 by 7 matrix never has linearly independent columns,
36. If A is a 64 by 17 matrix of rank 11, how many independent vectors satisfy Ax = 0?
How many independent vectors satisfy AT y = 0?
37. Find a basis for each of these subspaces of 3 by 3 matrices:
(a) All diagonal matrices.
(b) All symmetric matrices (AT = A).
(c) All skew-symmetric matrices (AT = A).
Problems 3842 are about spaces in which the vectors are functions.

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