Probability Advanced Question Sheets

Probability
Probability
Lest men suspect your tale untrue Keep probability in view........Gay, John
There are various phenomena in nature, leading to an outcome, which cannot be predicted apriori
e.g. in tossing of a coin, a head or a tail may result. Probability theory aims at measuring the
uncertainties of such outcomes.
(I) Important terminology :
(i) Random experiment :
It is a process which results in an outcome which is one of the various possible outcomes that are
known to us before hand e.g. throwing of a die is a random experiment as it leads to fall of one
of the outcome from {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Similarly taking a card from a pack of 52 cards is also a random
experiment.
(ii) Sample space :
It is the set of all possible outcomes of a random experiment e.g. {H, T} is the sample space associated
with tossing of a coin.
In set notation it can be interpreted as the universal set.
(iii) Event :
It is subset of sample space. e.g. getting a head in tossing a coin or getting a prime number in
throwing a die. In general if a sample space consists n elements, then a maximum of 2n events can
be associated with it.
(iv) Complement of event :

The complement of an event A with respect to a sample space S is the set of all elements of S which
are not in A. It is usually denoted by A, A or AC.
(v) Simple event :
If an event covers only one point of sample space, then it is called a simple event e.g. getting a head
followed by a tail in throwing of a coin 2 times is a simple event.
(vi) Compound event :

When two or more than two events occur simultaneously, the event is said to be a compound event.
Symbolically A B or AB represent the occurrence of both A & B simultaneously.
Note : A B or A + B represent the occurrence of either A or B.
(vii) Equally likely events :
If events have same chance of occurrence, then they are said to be equally likely.
e.g
(i) In a single toss of a fair coin, the events {H} and {T} are equally likely.
(ii) In a single throw of an unbiased die the events {1}, {2}, {3} and {4}, are equally likely.
(iii) In tossing a biased coin the events {H} and {T} are not equally likely.
(viii) Mutually exclusive / disjoint / incompatible events :
Two events are said to be mutually exclusive if occurrence of one of them rejects the possibility of
occurrence of the other i.e. both cannot occur simultaneously.
In the vein diagram the events A and B are mutually exclusive. Mathematically, we write
AB=
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ADVPR -1
Probability
Events A1, A2, A3, ....... An are said to be mutually exclusive events iff
Ai Aj = i, j {1, 2, ..., n} where i j
Note : If Ai Aj = i, j {1, 2, ..., n} where i j,

then A1 A2 A3 .... An = but converse need not to be true.
(ix) Exhaustive system of events :

If each outcome of an experiment is associated with at least one of the events E1, E2, E3, .........En,
then collectively the events are said to be exhaustive. Mathematically we write
E1 E2 E3.........En = S. (Sample space)
(I I ) Classical (a priori) definition of probability :
If an experiment results in a total of (m + n) outcomes which are equally likely and if m outcomes
are favorable to an event A while n are unfavorable, then the probability of occurrence of the event
m number of favourable outcomes

A, denoted by P(A), is defined by = total number of outcomes
mn
m
i.e. P(A) = .
mn
We say that odds in favour of A are m : n, while odds against A are n : m.
n
Note that P( A ) or P(A) or P(AC), i.e. probability of non-occurrence of A == 1 P(A)
mn
In the above we shall denote the number of out comes favourable to the event A by n(A) and the total
number of out comes in the sample space S by n(S).
n( A )
P(A) = .
n(S)
(III) Addition theorem of probability :
If A and B are any two events associated with an experiment, then
P(AB) = P(A) + P(B) P(AB)
De Morgans laws : If A & B are two subsets of a universal set U, then

(a) (A B)c = Ac Bc
(b) (A B)c = Ac Bc
Distributive laws : (a) A (B C) = (A B) (A C)
(b) A (B C) = (A B) (A C)
For any three events A, B and C we have the figure
ADVPR -2
Probability
(i) P(A or B or C) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) P(A B) P(B C) P(C A) + P(A B C)
(ii) P (at least two of A, B, C occur) = P(B C) + P(C A) + P(A B) 2P(A B C)
(iii) P(exactly two of A, B, C occur) = P(B C) + P(C A) + P(A B) 3P(A B C)
(iv) P(exactly one of A, B, C occur) =
P(A) + P(B) + P(C) 2P(B C) 2P(C A) 2P(A B) + 3P(A B C)
(IV) Conditional probability

P(A B)
If A and B are two events, then P(A/B) = .
P(B)
Note that for mutually exclusive events P(A/B) = 0.
(V) Independent and dependent events

If two events are such that occurence or non-occurence of one does not affect the chances of occurence
or non-occurence of the other event, then the events are said to be independent. Mathematically : if
P(A B) = P(A) P(B), then A and B are independent.
Note: (i) If A and B are independent, then

(a) A and B are independent,
(b) A and B are independent and
(c) A and B are independent.
(ii) If A and B are independent, then P(A / B) = P(A).
If events are not independent then they are said to be dependent.
Independency of three or more events
Three events A, B & C are independent if & only if all the following conditions hold :
P(A B) = P(A) . P(B) ; P(B C) = P(B) . P(C)
P (C A) = P(C) . P(A) ; P(A B C) = P(A) . P(B) . P(C)
(VI) Binomial probability theorem :

If an experiment is such that the probability of success or failure does not change with trials, then
the probability of getting exactly r success in n trials of such an experiment is nCr pr qn r, where p
is the probability of a success and q is the probability of a failure in one particular experiment. Note
that p + q = 1.
(VI I ) Expectation :
If there are n possibilities A1, A2, .... An in an experiment having the probabilities p1, p2, .........pn
respectively. If value M1, M2, ....., Mn are associated with the respective possibility. Then the expected
n
value of the experiment is given by p . M i i

i 1
(V I I I ) Total probability theorem

If an event A can occur with one of the n mutually exclusive and exhaustive events B1, B2, ....., Bn
and the probabilities P(A/B1), P(A/B2) .... P(A/Bn) are known, then
n
P(A) = P(B ) . P( A / B )
i1
i i
Proof :
The event A occurs with one of the n mutually exclusive and exhaustive events
B1, B 2, B 3,........,B n
A = (A B1) (A B2) (A B3) ........ (A Bn)
ADVPR -3
Probability
n
P(A) = P(A B1) + P(A B2) + ....... + P(A Bn) = P( A B )

i 1
i
Now,
P(A Bi) = P(A) . P(Bi/A) = P(Bi) . P(A/Bi)
n
P(A) = P(B ) . P( A / B )
i1
i i
(IX) Bayes theorem :

If an event A can occur with one of the n mutually exclusive and exhaustive events B1, B2 , ....., Bn and
the probabilities P(A/B1), P(A/B2) .... P(A/Bn) are known, then
P(B i ) . P( A / Bi )
P(Bi / A) = n
P(B i ) . P( A / Bi )
Proof : i 1
The event A occurs with one of the n mutually exclusive and exhaustive events
B1, B 2, B 3,........,B n
A = (A B1) (A B2) (A B3) ........ (A Bn)
n
P(A) = P(A B1) + P(A B2) + ....... + P(A Bn) = P( A B )

i 1
i
Now,
P(A Bi) = P(A) . P(Bi/A) = P(Bi) . P(A/Bi)
P(Bi ) . P( A / Bi ) P(Bi ) . P( A / B i )
P (Bi/A) = = n
P( A )
P( A Bi )

i 1
P(B i ) . P( A / Bi )
P(Bi/A) =
P(B ) . P(A / B )
i i
(X) Probability distribution :

(i) A probability distribution spells out how a total probability of 1 is distributed over several values
of a random variable (i.e. how ............................... possibilities)
(ii) Mean of any probability distribution of a random variable is given by :
pi x i
= = pi x i (Since pi = 1)
pi
(iii) Variance of a random variable is given by, 2 = (x i )2 . pi
2 = pi x i2 2 (Note that SD = + 2 )
(iv) The probability distribution for a binomial variate X is given by :
P(X = r) = nCr pr qn r where P(X = r) is the probability of r successes.
P(r 1) nr p
The recurrence formula = . , is very helpful for quickly computing P(1) . P(2)
P(r ) r 1 q
. P(3) etc. if P(0) is known.
Mean of Binom ial Probability Distribution = np ; variance of Binomial Probability
Distribution = npq.
(v) If p represents a persons chance of success in any venture and M the sum of money which
he will receive in case of success, then his expectations or probable value = pM
ADVPR -4
Probability
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Hkkx - I : fo"k;kRed iz'u SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Section (A) : Problems based on Classical definition of Probability (PRCD)

[k.M (A) : izkf;drk dh mPpLrjh; ifjHkk"kk ij vk/kkfjr leL;k,
A-1. Write the sample space of the following experiment
fuEufyf[kr iz;ksxks dh izfrn'kZ lef"V;k fyf[k,&
(i) Three coins are tossed.
rhu flDdksa dks mNkyk tkrk gksA
(ii) Selection of two children from a group of 3 boys and 2 girls without replacement.
fcuk izfrLFkkiu rhu yM+dks rFkk nks yM+fd;ksa ds lewg esa ls nks dks pquuk
Ans. (i) {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}
(ii) {B1 B2, B1 B3, B1 G1, B1 G2, B2 B3, B2 G1, B2 G2, B3 G1, B3 G2, G1 G2}
A-2. There are three events A, B, C, one of which must, and only one can, happen; the odds are 8 to 3 against A,
5 to 2 against B : find the odds against C.
;gk rhu ?kVuk;sa A, B, C gSa ftuesa ls fuf'pr :i ls ,d vkSj dsoy ,d gh ?kVuk ?kfVr gksrh gSA A ds izfrdwy
la;ksxkuqikr 8 : 3 rFkk B ds izfrdwy la;ksxkuqikr 5 : 2 gks] rks C ds izfrdwy la;ksxkuqikr Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 43 to 34
A-3. If the letters of the word BANANA are arranged randomly, then find the probability that the word thus formed
does not contain the pattern BAN.
;fn BANANA 'kCn ds v{kjksa dks ;kn~fPNd :i ls O;ofLFkr fd;k tk; rks cuus okys 'kCnksa esa k:i BAN ugha gksus
dh kf;drk Kkr dhft,A
4
Ans.
5
A-4. Nine cards are labelled 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Two cards are drawn at random and put on a table in a
sucessive order, and then the resulting number is read say 07(seven), 42(fourty two) and so on. Find the
probability that the number is even.
ukS dkMksZ ij 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 vad vafdr gSA buesa ls nks dkMZ ;kn`fPNd :i ls fudkys tkrs gSA rFkk ekxr
:i esa ,d est ij j[ks tkrs gSA rFkk ifj.kkeh la[;k dks i<+k tkrk gSA tSls 07(lkr), 42(c;kyhl) vkSj blh izdkj
la[;k] le la[;k gksus dh kf;drk Kkr dhft;sA
5
Ans.
9
A-5. Three persons A, B and C speak at a function along with 5 other persons. If the persons speak at random,
find the probability that A speaks before B and B speaks before C
rhu O;fDr A, B rFkk C ,d lHkk esa 5 vU; O;fDr;ksa ds lkFk cksyrs gSaA ;fn O;fDr ;kn`fPNd :i ls cksyrs gks] rks
A ds B ls igys rFkk B ds C ls igys cksyus dh izk f;drk Kkr dhft,A
1
Ans.
6
ADVPR - 5
Probability
A-6. (i) A rectangle is randomly selected from the grid of equally spaced squares as shown.
Find the probability that the rectangle is a square.

,d leku oxks ds tky ls ,d vk;r ;kn`fPNd :i ls pquk tkrk gSA bl vk;r ds oxZ gksus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
(ii) Three of the six vertices of a regular hexagon are chosen at random. Then the probability that the
triangle with three vertices is equilateral is p then 100p equals

fdlh le"kV Hkqt ds N% 'kh"kksZ es ls rhu 'kh"kZ] ;kn`fPNd :i ls pqusa tkrs gSA pqus x;s 'kh"kksZ ls leckgq cuus
dh izkf;drk p gS rc 100 p cjkcj gS
4
Ans. (i) (ii) 10
15
A-7. In throwing a pair of dice, find whether the two events

(i) E1 : coming up of an odd number on first dice and E2 : coming up of a total of 8.
(ii) E1 : coming up of 4 on first dice and E2 : coming up of 5 on the second dice.
are mutually exclusive or not
iklksa ds ,d ;qXe dks QSadus ij
(i) E1 : izFke ikls ij fo"ke vad rFkk E2 : nksuks iklksa dk ;ksx vkB vkuk
(ii) E1 : izFke ikls ij pkj rFkk E2 : nwljs ikls ij ikap vkuk
dh ?kVuk, ijLij viothZ gSa ;k ugha \
Ans. (a) No ugha (b) No ugha
A-8. In throwing of a pair of dice, find the probability of the event : total is not 8 and not 11.
iklksa ds ,d ;qXe dks QSadus esa vadks dk ;ksx 8 vkSj 11 ugha vkus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
29
Ans.
36
A-9. Before a race the chance of three runners, A, B, C were estimated to be proportional to 5, 3, 2, but during the
race A meets with an accident which reduces his chance to 1/3. What are the respective chance of B and C
now?
,d nkSM+ ls igys] /kkodksa A, B, C dh lEHkkouk, e'k% 5, 3 ,oa 2 ds vuqikr esa vuqekfur dh xbZ ysfdu nkSM+ ds nkSjku
A fdlh nq?kZVuk dk f'kdkj gks tkrk gS ftlls mldh lEHkkouk 1/3 gks tkrh gSA rks B ,oa C dh lkis{k lEHkkouk, Kkr dhft,?
2 4
Ans. B= ,C=
5 15
A-10. Tickets are numbered from 1 to 100. One ticket is picked up at random. Then find the probability that the
ticket picked up has a number which is divisible by 5 or 8.
fVfdVksa ij 1 ls 100 rd dh la[;k,sa vafdr gS ,d fVfdV ;kn`fPNd :i ls pquk tkrk gS izkf;drk dk eku Kkr dhft,
fVfdV ij la[;k 5 ;k 8 ls foHkkT; gSA
3
Ans.
10
ADVPR - 6
Probability
A-11. Three cards are drawn at random from a pack of well shuffled 52 cards. Find the probability that
(i) all the three cards are of the same suit;
(ii) one is a king, the other is a queen and the third a jack.
,d vPNh rjg ls Qsdh xbZ rk'k dh xM~Mh esa 52 ikksa esa ls rhu dkMZ fudkys tkrs gS] rks fuEu dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
(i) fudkys x;s rhuksa iks ,d gh rjg iku ;k bZV ;k gqde ;k fpM+h ds gksA
(ii) ,d jktk] ,d jkuh rFkk ,d xqyke gks
22 16
Ans (i) (ii)
425 5525
A-12. In a throw of a pair of dice, then find the probability of A total of 8 but not 11
iklksa ds ,d ;qXe dks QSadus ij] ^vadksa dk ;ksx 8 gks ysfdu 11 ugha gks] vkus dh izkf;drk gS &
5
Ans.
36
A-13. Six boys and six girls sit in a row at random. find the probability that boys and girls sit alternately
6 yM+ds rFkk 6 yM+f d;k ,d iaf Dr esa ;kn`f PNd cSBs gS rks yM+ds rFkk yM+fd;ksa ds ,dkUrj e esa cSBus dh izkf;drk
Kkr djksA
1
Ans.
462
Section (B) : Problems based on venn diagram & set theory (PRVD)
[k.M (B) : osu vkjs[k ,oa leqPp; fl)kUr ij vk/kkfjr leL;k,
B-1. If P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.48 and P(A B) = 0.16, then find the value of each of the following :
;fn P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.48 rFkk P(A B) = 0.16 gks] rks fuEufyf[kr ds eku Kkr dhft,A
(i) P(A B) (ii_) P(A B)
(iii) P(A B) (iv_) P((A B) (A B))
Ans. (i) 0.72 (ii) 0.32 (iii) 0.28 (iv) 0.56
B-2_. There are three clubs A,B,C in a town with 40, 50, 60 members respectively 10 people are members of all the
three clubs, 70 members belong to only one club. A member is randomly selected. Find the probability that
he has membership of exactly two clubs
,d dLcs esa rhu Dyc A,B,C gS ftuesa e'k% lnL; 40, 50, 60 gSA 10 O;fDr lHkh rhuksa Dycksa ds lnL; gSA 70 O;fDr
dsoy ,d Dyc ds lnL; gSA ,d lnL; ;kn`fPNd pquk tkrk gSA izkf;drk Kkr dhft, fd og Bhd nks Dycksa dk lnL;
gSSA
Ans. 5/21
Section (C) : Problems based on Conditional Probability/ Total probability & Bays theorem
[k.M (C) : lg izfrcfU/kr izkf;drk rFkk dqy izkf;drk ,oa cst izes; ij vk/kkfjr leL;k,
C-1. (i) In a two child family, one child is a boy. What is the probability that the other child is a girl ?
,d ifjokj esa nks cPps gSaA ,d cPpk yM+dk gS nwljs cPps ds yM+dh gksus dh izkf;drk D;k gksxh\
(ii) If the older child is a boy, then probability that the second child is a girl is
;fn cM+k cPpk yM+dk gS] rks nwljs cPps ds yM+dh gksus dh izkf;drk D;k gksxh\
2 1
Ans. (i) (ii)
3 2
C-2. A fair dice is thrown untill a score of less than 5 points is obtained. Find the probability of obtaining not less
than 2 points on the last thrown
,d fu"i{k ikls dks rc rd mNkyk tkrk gS tc rd fd ml ij izkIr gksus okyk ifj.kke 5 ls de ugha vk tkrkA
rks vfUre mNky esa izkIr ifj.kke 2 ls de izkIr ugha gksus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
3
Ans.
4
ADVPR - 7
Probability
C-3. A card is drawn from a well shuffled ordinary deck of 52 playing cards. Find the probability that the card
drawn is :
(i) A king or a queen (ii) A king or a spade
lkekU; 52 ikksa dh xh esa ls ,d rk'k dk ikk fudkyk tkrk gSA fudkyk x;k ikk fuEu izdkj gksus dh izkf;drk
Kkr dhft,A
(i) ,d jktk ;k ,d jkuh (ii) ,d jktk ;k ,d gqdqe
2 4
Ans. (i) (ii)
13 13
C-4. The odds against a certain event are 5 to 2, and the odds in favor of another event independent of the former
are 6 to 5 : find the chance that one at least of the events will happen.
,d fuf'pr ?kVuk ds izfrdwy la;ksxkuqikr 5 : 2 gS vkSj ,d vU; ?kVuk tks fd izFke ls LorU=k gS ds i{k esa la;ksxkuqikr
6 : 5 gS rks de ls de ,d ?kVuk ds ?kfVr gksus dh lEHkkouk Kkr dhft,A
52
Ans.
77
C-5. A, B, C in order draws a card from a pack of cards, replacing them after each draw, on condition that the first
who draws a spade shall win a prize : find their respective chances.
A, B, C iquZLFkkiu ds lkFk blh e ls ,d&,d ikk ,d rk'k dh xh esa ls fudkyrs gSa rFkk tks loZi zFke gqdwe
dk ikk fudkyrk gS og thrrk gS rks muds thrus dh lEHkkouk, Kkr dhft,A
16 12 9
Ans. , ,
37 37 37
C-6. 6 persons A,B,C,D,E,F are arranged in row. Find the conditional probability that C & D are separated given
that A & B are together.
6 O;fDr A,B,C,D,E,F ,d iaf Dr esa O;ofLFkr fd;s tkrs gSA A rFkk B lkFk jgs rc C ,oa D ,d nwljs ls i`Fkd-i`Fkd
jgus dh izfrcfU/kr izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 3/5
C-7. There are 5 brilliant students in class XI and 8 brilliant students in class XII. Each class has 50
students. The odds in favour of choosing the class XI are 2 : 3. One of the classes is chosen randomly
and then a student is randomly selected. Find the probability of selecting a brilliant student.
d{kk XI esa 5 Nk=k ;ksX; gSa rFkk d{kk XII esa 8 Nk=k ;ksX; gSaA izR;sd d{kk esa dqy 50 Nk=k gSaA d{kk XI ds
pquus ds i{k esa la;ksxkuqikr 2 : 3 gSA ,d d{kk dks ;kn`fPNd p;u dj mles ls ,d Nk=k dks pquk tkrk gSA
,d ;ksX; Nk=k dks pqus tkus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
17
Ans. .
125
C-8. Box I contains 5 red and 2 blue balls while box II contains 2 red and 6 blue balls. A fair coin is
tossed. If it turns up head, a ball is drawn from boxI, else a ball is drawn from boxII. Find the
probability of each of the following :
(i) A red ball is drawn (ii) Ball drawn is from boxI if it is blue
izFke ik=k esa 5 yky vkSj 2 uhyh tcfd f}rh; ik=k esa 2 yky vkSj 6 uhyh xsans gSA ,d fu"i{kikrh flDdk mNkyk tkrk
gS ;fn 'kh"kZ vk;s rks izFke ik=k esa ls ,d xsan vU;Fkk f}rh; ik=k esa ls ,d xsan fudkyrs gSa rks fuEu dh izkf;drk
Kkr dhft,
(i) ,d yky xsan vkus dh (ii) ;fn xsan uhyh gks rks izFke ik=k ls fudys
27 8
Ans. (i) (ii)
56 29
ADVPR - 8
Probability
C-9. Two cards are drawn successively from a well-shuffled ordinary deck of 52-playing cards without
replacement and is noted that the second card is a king. Find the probability of the event first card is
also a king.
nks iks ekxr ,d rk'k dh xh esa ls fcuk iquZLFkkiu fudkys tkrs gS rFkk f}rh; ikk jktk izkIr gksrk gS rks izFke
iks ds Hkh jktk gksus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
1
Ans.
17
C-10. 12 cards, numbered 1 to 12, are placed in a box, mixed up throughly and then a card is drawn at random from
the box. If it is known that the number on the drawn card is more than 3, find the probability that it is an even
number.
12 iks ftu ij 1 ls 12 vafdr gS ,d cDls esa j[ks x;s gS rFkk vPNh rjg ls feyk;s x;s gSA vc ,d ikk bl cDls ls
;kn`fPNd :i ls fudkyk tkrk gSA ;fn ;g Kkr gS fd fudkys x;s iks ij vad 3 ls vf/kd gS rks izkf;drk Kkr dhft,
fd ;g ,d le vad gSA
5
Ans.
9
C-11. In a building programme the event that all the materials will be delivered at the correct time is M, and the
event that the building programme will be completed on time is F. Given that P(M) = 0.8 & P(M F) = 0.65.
If P(F) = 0.7, find the probability that the building programme will be completed on time if all the materials are
not delivered at the correct time.
,d fuekZ.k dk;Z esa lHkh lkexzh lgh le; ij igqpkus dh ?kVuk M gS rFkk fuekZ.k dk;Z lgh le; ij iwjk gksus dh ?kVuk
F gSA fn;k gS P(M) = 0.8 rFkk P(M F) = 0.65 ;fn P(F) = 0.7, rc fuekZ.k dk;Z ds lgh le; ij gksus dh izkf;drk
Kkr djks ;fn lHkh lkexzh lgh le; ij ugha igqpkbZ xbZ gSA
1
Ans.
4
Section (D) : Problem based on Binomial Distribution / Expectation / mean

& Variance
[k.M (D) : f}in caVu] vkdka{kk] lekUrj ek/; rFkk izlj.k ij vk/kkfjr leL;k,
D-1. South African cricket captain lost the toss of a coin 13 times out of 14. Then find the chance of this
happening.
nf{k.k vhdh fdsV Vhe dk dIrku 14 esa ls 13 ckj flDdk mNkyus ij gkjrk gS rks ,slk gksus dh laHkkouk gS &
7
Ans.
213
D-2. In an examination of 10 multiple choice questions (1 or more can be correct out of 4 options). A student
decides to mark the answers at random. Find the probability that he gets exactly two questions correct.
,d iz'u i=k esa 10 cgq oSdfYid iz'u gSaA (4 fodYiksa esa ls 1 ;k ,d ls vf/kd lgh gks ldrs gSaA) ,d Nk=k ;kn`fPNd
:i mkj nsus dk fu.kZ; djrk gS] rks mlds Bhd nks iz'u lgh gksus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
10
(14)8
Ans. C2 .
1510
D-3. Three cards are drawn successively with replacement from a well shuffled deck of 52 playing cards. If getting
a card of spade is considered a success, find the probability distribution of the number of successes.
rk'k ds 52 iRrksa dh vPNh rjg ls QsaVh xbZ xM~Mh esa ls ,d ds ckn ,d rhu iks] fiNys iks dks xM~Mh esa iqu% j[kdj
fudkys tkrs gSA ;fn gqde dk ,d ikk vkus dks lQyrk ekuk tk;s rks lQyrkvksa dh la[;k dk izkf;drk caVu Kkr dhft,A
X 0 1 2 3
Ans. 27 27 9 1
P( X)
64 64 64 64
ADVPR - 9
Probability
D-4. A had in his pocket a 100 Rupee and four 10 rupee notes; taking out two coins at random he promises to give
them to B and C. What is the worth of Cs expectation?
A dh tsc esa ,d] 100 :i;s vkSj pkj 10 :i;s ds uksV gSaA og nks uksVksa dks ;kn`f PNd fudkyrk gS rFkk B o C dks
nsus dk oknk djrk gS rks C dh vkdka{kk dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 28 rupees :i;s
D-5. A box contains 2 red and 3 blue balls. Two balls are drawn successively with replacement. If getting a
red ball on first draw and a blue ball on second draw is considered a success, then write the probability
distribution of successes. It is given that the above experiment is performed 3-times,
,d ik=k esa 2 yky vkSj 3 uhyh xsans gSA nks xsans ekxr fudkyh tkrh gS ;fn izFke xsan dk yky vkuk o f}rh; xsan
dk uhyk vkuk lQyrk ekuk tkrk gS rks lQyrk dk izkf;drk forj.k Kkr dhft,A ;g fn;k x;k gS fd ;g vuqiz;ksx
rhu ckj iquZLFkkiuk ls nksgjk;k tkrk gSA
xi 0 1 2 3
Ans. 19
3
19 2 19 216
pi 18 108
25 25 3 25 3 25 3
D-6. A coin is tossed 5-times. Find the mean and variance of the probability distribution of appearance of
heads on the tosses.
,d flDdk 5 ckj mNkyk tkrk gS rks 'kh"kZ vkus dh izkf;drk forj.k dk ek/; o izlj.k Kkr dhft,A
Ans. mean ek/; = 2.5, variance izlj.k = 1.25
PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE
Hkkx - II : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi dkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)
Section (A) : Problems based on Classical definition of Probability (PRCD)

[k.M (A) : izkf;drk dh mPpLrjh; ifjHkk"kk ij vk/kkfjr leL;k,
A-1. In drawing of a card from a well shuffled ordinary deck of playing cards the events card drawn is spade
and card drawn is an ace are
(A) mutually exclusive (B) equally likely
(C) forming an exhaustive system (D*) none of these
vPNh rjg QsVh xbZ ,d rk'k dh xh esa ls ,d ikk fudkyus ij ?kVuk, ^fudkyk x;k ikk gqdqe* vkSj ^fudkyk
x;k ikk bDdk* gSa&
(A) ijLij viothZ (B) lelEHkkoh
(C) ?kVukvksa dk fu%'ks"k fudk; (D) buesa ls dksb Z ugha
A-2. A 9 digit number using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 & 9 is written randomly without repetition. The
probability that the number will be divisible by 9 is:
vadks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ls fcuk iqujko`fk ds 9 vadks dh ,d la[;k ;kn`PN;k fy[kh tkrh gS] rks la[;k ds 9
ls foHkkftr gksus dh izkf;drk gS &
(A) 1/9 (B) 1/2 (C*) 1 (D) 9!/99
A-3. Entries of a 2 2 determinant are chosen from the set {1, 1}. The probability that determinant has zero value
is
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C*) (D) none of these
4 3 2
,d 2 2 e dh lkjf.kd dh izfof"B;k leqPp; {1, 1} esa ls pquh tkrh gSA lkjf.kd dk eku 'kwU; gksus dh izkf;drk gksxh&
1 1 1
(A) (B) (C*) (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
4 3 2
ADVPR - 10
Probability
A-4. A dice is thrown a fixed number of times. If probability of getting even number 3 times is same as the
probability of getting even number 4 times, then probability of getting even number exactly once is
a k tkrk gSA ;fn le la[;k 3 ckj vkus dh izkf;drk] lela[;k 4 ckj vkus dh izkf;drk ds cjkcj
,d ikls dks fuf'pr ckj QSd
gS rks Bhd ,d ckj le la[;k vkus dh izkf;drk gksxh-
1 3 5 7
(A) (B) (C) (D*)
4 128 64 128
A-5. A and B throw with two dice ; if A throws 9, then Bs chance of throwing a higher number equals
A rFkk B nks ikls QSadrs gS ;fn A, 9 QSadrk gS rks B ds T;knk vad vkus dh lEHkkouk Kkr dhft,A
1 1 1 2
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
6 3 2 3
A-6. If an integer q is chosen at random in the interval 10 q 10, then the probability that the roots of the
3q
equation x2 + qx + + 1 = 0 are real is
4
3q
;fn vUrjky 10 q 10, esa ,d iw.kkd q, ;kn`fPNd :i ls pquk trkk gSA rks leh- x2 + qx + + 1 = 0 ds
4
ewy okLrfod gksusa dh izkf;drk gksxh&
16 15 14 17
(A) (B) (C) (D*)
21 21 21 21
A-7. The chance that a 13 card combination from a pack of 52 playing cards is dealt to a player in a game
of bridge, in which 9 cards are of the same suit, is
4 . 13 C 9 . 39
C4 4! . 13 C 9 . 39
C4 13
C9 . 39
C4
(A*) 52 (B) 52 (C) 52 (D) none of these
C13 C13 C13
fczt ds [ksy esa rk'k ds 52 ikksa esa ls ,d f[kykM+h dks 13 iks ftuesa 9 iks ,d gh izdkj ds gks] nsus dh laHkkouk gS&
4 . 13 C 9 . 39
C4 4! . 13 C 9 . 39
C4 13
C9 . 39
C4
(A) 52 (B) 52 (C) 52 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
C13 C13 C13
A-8. A bag contains 7 tickets marked with the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 respectively. A ticket is drawn &
replaced. Then the chance that after 4 drawings the sum of the numbers drawn is 8 is:
(A) 165/2401 (B*) 149/2401 (C) 3/49 (D) none
,d FkSysa esa 7 fVdVksa ij e'k% la[;k, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 vafdr gSaA ,d fVdV iquZLFkkiu ds lkFk fudkyk tkrk
gS rks pkj fVdVksa ds fudkyus ds ckn la[;kvksa dk ;ksx 8 vkus dh lEHkkouk gS &
(A) 165/2401 (B) 149/2401 (C) 3/49 (D) buesa ls dksb Z ugha
A-9. A & B having equal skill, are playing a game of best of 5 points. After A has won two points & B has won
one point, the probability that A will win the game is:
(A) 1/2 (B) 2/3 (C*) 3/4 (D) none
A rFkk B ftudk [ksy dkS'ky ,d leku gSa] 5 vadks dk ,d [ksy [ksyrs gSaA A ds 2 vad rFkk B ds 1 vad thrus ds i'pkr~
A ds [ksy thrus dh izkf;drk gS &
(A) 1/2 (B) 2/3 (C) 3/4 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
A-10. A dice is weighted so that the probability of different faces to turn up is as given
Number 1 2 3 4 5 6
Probability 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2
ADVPR - 11
Probability
If P(A/B) = p1 and P(B/C) = p2 and P(C/A) = p3 then the values of p1, p2, p3 respectively are -
Take the events A, B & C as A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {2, 3, 5} and C = {2, 4, 6}
,d ikls dks bl izdkj cuk;k tkrk gS fd fofHkUu Qydksa ds vkus dh izkf;drk fuEukuqlkj gS &
va
d 1 2 3 4 5 6
iz
kf;d rk 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.2
;fn P(A/B) = p1 rFkk P(B/C) = p2 rFkk P(C/A) = p3 gks] rks p1, p2, p3 dk eku e'k% gksxk ;fn ?kVuk;sa A, B rFkk
C bl izdkj gksa fd
A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {2, 3, 5} rFkk C = {2, 4, 6}
2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1
(A) , , (B) , , (C) , , (D*) , ,
3 3 4 3 3 6 4 3 6 3 6 4
Section (B) : Problems based on venn diagram & set theory (PRVD)
[k.M (B) : osu vkjs[k ,oa leqPp; fl)kUr ij vk/kkfjr leL;k,
B-1. If two subsets A and B of set S containing n elements are selected at random, then the probability that
A B = and A B = S is
;fn leqPp; S ftlesa n vo;o gS] ds nks mileqPp; A rFkk B ;kn`fPNd :i ls pqus tkrs gS rks
A B = ,oa A B = S dh izk f;drk gksxh&
4
1 1 3 1
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
2 2 n
4 3n
3 2
B-2. If P(A) = and P(B) = then
5 3
(i) The range of values of P(A B) is
2 9 2 1 4 3
(A) , (B) , 1 (C) 0 , (D*) ,
5 10 3 3 15 5
(ii) The range of values of P(A B) is

2 9 2 1 4 3
(A) , (B*) , 1 (C) 0 , (D) ,
5 10 3 3 15 5
(iii) The range of values of P(A B) is
2 9 2 1 4 3
(A) , (B) , 1 (C*) 0 , (D) ,
5 10 3 3 15 5
3 2
;fn P(A) = vkSj P(B) = rc
5 3
(i) P(A B) ds ekuksa dk ifjlj gS&
2 9 2 1 4 3
(A) , (B) , 1 (C) 0 , (D*) ,
5 10 3 3 15 5
(ii) P(A B) ds ekuksa dk ifjlj gS&

2 9 2 1 4 3
(A) , (B*) , 1 (C) 0 , (D) ,
5 10 3 3 15 5
(iii) P(A B) ds ekuksa dk ifjlj gS&
2 9 2 1 4 3
(A) , (B) , 1 (C*) 0 , (D) ,
5 10 3 3 15 5
ADVPR - 12
Probability
Section (C) : Problems based on Conditional Probability/ Total probability & Bayes theorem
[k.M (C) : lg izfrcfU/kr izkf;drk rFkk dqy izkf;drk ,oa cst izes; ij vk/kkfjr leL;k,
C-1. The odds that a book will be favourably reviewed by three independent critics are 5 to 2, 4 to 3, and 3 to 4
respectively. Then the probability that of the three reviews a majority will be favourable.
rhu Lora=k vkykspdksa }kjk ,d iqLrd dk vuqdqy leh{kk djus ds i{k esa la;ksxkuqikr e'k% 5 : 2, 4 : 3 vkSj 3 :
4 gSA rhuksa leh{kkvksa esa ls vuqdqy cgqer gksus dh izk f;drk Kkr dhft,A
163 209 209

(A) (B*) (C) (D) None of these buesa ls dksbZ ugha
343 343 387
C-2. In throwing a pair of dice, the events coming up of 6 on Ist dice and a total of 7 on both the dice are
(A) mutually exclusive (B) forming an exhaustive system
(C*) independent (D) dependent
iklksa ds ,d ;qXe dks QaSdus ij] ?kVuk;sa izFke ikls ij vad 6 vkSj nksuksa iklks ij vadksa dk ;ksx 7 gSa &
(A) ijLij viothZ (B) ?kVukvkas dk fu%'ks"k fudk;
(C) LorU=k (D) ijrU=k
C-3. A dice is thrown twice and the sum of the numbers appearing is observed to be 8. The conditional probability
that the number 5 has appeared at least once is
,d ikls dks nks ckj Qsadk tkrk gS rFkk iklksa ij vk;s vadks dk ;ksx 8 ik;k tkrk gSA de ls de ,d ij la[;k 5 vkus dh
izfrcaf/kr izkf;drk gS
(A) 1/6 (B*) 2/5 (C) 3/5 (D) 1/2
C-4. An instrument consists of two units. Each unit must function for the instrument to operate. The reliability of
the first unit is 0.9 and that of the second unit is 0.8. The instrument is tested & fails. The probability that
only the first unit failed & the second unit is sound is
fdlh rU=k dh nks bdkbZ;k gSA bl rU=k dks dk;Z djus gsrq izR;sd bdkbZ dk dk;Z djuk vko';d gSA izFke bdkbZ dh
fo'oluh;rk 0.9 rFkk f}rh; bdkbZ dh fo'oluh;rk 0.8 gSA rU=k dks tkpus ij ;g jgrk gS dsoy izFke bdkbZ ds
vlQy ,oa nwljh bdkbZ ds lgh gksus dh izkf;drk gksxh&
1 2 3 4
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
7 7 7 7
C-5. A pack of cards is counted with face downwards. It is found that one card is missing. One card is drawn and
is found to be red. Then the probability that the missing card is red.
rk'k ds ikksa dh ,d xh dks mYVk djds fxuk tkrk gS vkSj ,d ikk xk;c feyrk gSA ,d ikk [khapk tkrk gS vkSj
;g ikk yky feyrk gSA rks xk;c iks ds yky gksus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
25 26 1 25
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
51 51 2 52
C-6. Pals gardner is not dependable, the probability that he will forgot to water the rose bush is 2/3. The rose
bush is in questionable condition. Any how if watered, the probability of its withering is 1/2 & if not watered
then the probability of its withering is 3/4. Pal went out of station & after returning he finds that rose bush has
withered. Then the probability that the gardner did not water the rose bush is.
2
ikWy dk ekyh Hkjksls ds ;ksX; ugha gSA bl ckr dh izkf;drk fd og xqykc ds ikS/kksa dks ikuh nsuk Hkwy tk,xk] gSA
3
1
xqykc ds ikS/ks lansgkRed fLFkfr esa gSa] ;fn ikuh fn;k tkrk gS rks muds eq>kZus dh izkf;drk gS vkSj ;fn ikuh ugha
2
3
fn;k tkrk gS rks muds eq>kZus dh izkf;drk gSA ikWy dqN fnuksa ds fy, ckgj tkrk gS vkSj okil ykSVus ij og ikrk
4
gS fd xqykc ds ikS/ks eq>kZ x;s gSa] rks bl ckr dh D;k izkf;drk gSa fd ekyh us ikS/kksa dks ikuh ugha fn;k gSaA
(A*) 3/4 (B) 2/5 (C) 1/4 (D) 1/2
ADVPR - 13
Probability
Section (D) : Problem based on Binomial Distribution / Expectation / mean & Variance
[k.M (D) : f}in caVu] vkdka{kk] lekUrj ek/; rFkk izlj.k ij vk/kkfjr leL;k,
D-1. A bag contains 2 white & 4 black balls. A ball is drawn 5 times, each being replaced before another is
drawn. The probability that atleast 4 of the balls drawn are white is:
(A) 4/81 (B) 10/243 (C*) 11/243 (D) none
,d Fksys esa 2 lQsn vkSj 4 dkyh xsans gSaA ,d&,d xsan iquZLFkkiu ds lkFk 5 ckj fudkyh tkrh gS rks de ls de pkj
xsanks ds lQsn gksus dh izkf;drk gS &
(A) 4/81 (B) 10/243 (C) 11/243 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
D-2. In a series of 3 independent trials the probability of exactly 2 success is 12 times as large as the
probability of 3 successes. The probability of a success in each trial is:
3 LorU=k ijh{k.kksa dh ,d Js.kh esa Bhd 2 lQyrkvksa dh izk f;drk Bhd 3 lQyrkvksa dh izk f;drk dh 12 xq.kk gS] rks
izR;sd ijh{k.k esa lQyrk dh izkf;drk gS &
(A*) 1/5 (B) 2/5 (C) 3/5 (D) 4/5
D-3. A coin is tossed n times, what is the chance that the head will present itself an odd number of times.
,d flDdk n ckj mNkyk tkrk gS] bl flDds ij fo"ke ckj 'kh"kZ vkus dh izkf;drk gksxh
1 2 1 2
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 4 5
D-4. From a bag containing 2 one rupee and 3 two rupee coins a person is allowed to draw 2 coins randomly then
the value of his expectation.
,d FkSys esa ,d :i;s ds 2 vkSj nks :i;s ds 3 flDds gSaA ,d O;fDr FkSys esa ls ;kn`fPNd 2 flDds fudkyrk gS] rks
mldh vkdka{kk dk eku gS
(A) Rs. 5.10 (B) Rs. 2.30 (C) Rs. 4.30 (D*) Rs. 3.20
D-5. A & B throw with one dice for a stake of Rs. 99/- which is to be won by the player who first throws 4. If
A has the first throw then their respective expectations of rupees are:
(A) 50 & 49 (B*) 54 & 45 (C) 45 & 54 (D) none
A vkSj B, 99 :- ds nkos ds fy, ,d ikls dks QSadrs gS tks fd igys 4 QSadus okys }kjk thrk tk;sxkA ;fn A igys
QSadrk gS rks mudh vkadk{kk e'k% gksxh &
(A) 50 ,oa 49 (B) 54 ,oa 45 (C) 45 ,oa 54 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
D-6. A fair coin is tossed 99 times. If X is the number of times heads occur, if P (X = r) is maximum then
sum of possible values of r is
(A) 98 (B*) 99 (C) 101 (D) none of these
,d fu"i{kikrh flDdk 99 ckj mNkyk tkrk gSA ;fn X ckj 'kh"kZ vkrk gS] rks P (X = r), r ds laHkkfor ekuksa dk ;ksxQy
gS vf/kdre gS rks &
(A) 48 (B*) 50 (C) 51 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN
Hkkx - III : dkWye dks lqesfyr dhft, (MATCH THE COLUMN )

1. Column Column
(A) If the probability that units digit in square of an even integer is 4 (p) 1
is p, then the value of 5p is
1
(B) If A and B are independent events and P(A B) = , (q) 2
6
1 B
P(A) = , then 6P =
3 A
ADVPR - 14
Probability
(C) One mapping is selected at random from all mappings of (r) 3
the set S = {1, 2, 3, ......, n} into itself. If the probability that
3
the mapping is one-one is , then the value of n is
32
(D) A boy has 20% chance of hitting at a target. Let p denote (s) 4
the probability of hitting the target for the first time at the nth
trial. If p satisfies the inequality 625p2 175p + 12 0, then
value of n is
LrEHk LrEHk
(A) ,d le iw.kkd ds oxZ esa bdkbZ vad 4 gksus dh izkf;drk ;fn p gS rc (p) 1
5 p dk eku gksxk
1
(B) ;fn A vkSj B Lora=k ?kVuk, gSa vkSj P(A B) = , (q) 2
6
1 B
P(A) = gks] rks 6P A =
3
(C) leqPp; S = {1, 2, 3, ......, n} ds lHkh izfrfp=k.kkas es ls izfrfp=k.k (r) 3
Lo;a esa ls ;kn`PN;k pquk tkrk gSA ;fn izfrfp=k.k ds ,dSdh gksus
3
dh izkf;drk gS rks n dk eku gS
32
(D) ,d yM+ds }kjk ,d y{; dks Hksnus dh 20% lEHkkouk gSA ekukfd (s) 4
n os iz;kl esa izFke ckj y{; dks Hksnus dh izkf;drk p gSA ;fn
p vlfedk 625p2 175p + 12 0 dks lUrq"V djrk gS] rks
n dk eku gS &
Ans. (A) (q), (B) (r), (C) (s), (D) (r)
2. Column Column
(A) A pair of dice is thrown. If total of numbers turned up (p) 5/16

on both the dice is 8, then the probability that the
number turn up on the second dice is 5 is
(B) A box contains 4 white and 3 black balls. Two balls are (q) 1/3
drawn successively and is found that second ball is
white, then the probability that Ist ball is also white is
1
(C) A biased coin with probability p, 0 < p < 1 of heads is (r)
2
tossed until a head appears for the first time. If the
probability that the number of tosses required is even is 2/5,
then p equals
1
(D) A coin whose faces are marked 3 and 5 is tossed 4 times : what (s)
5
is the probability that the sum of the numbers thrown being less,
than 15?
ADVPR - 15
Probability
(A) iklksa ds ,d ;qXe dks QSadk tkrk gSA ;fn nksuksa ij vadksa dk (p) 5/16
;ksx 8 gS] rks f}rh; ikls ij vad 5 vkus dh izkf;drk gS &
(B) ,d fMCcs esa 4 lQsn vkSj 3 dkyh xsans gSA nks xsans ekxr fudkyh (q) 1/3
tkrh gS rFkk f}rh; xsan lQsn ik;h tkrh gS rks izFke xsan ds Hkh
lQsn gksus dh izkf;drk gS &
1
(C) ,d i{kikrh flDdk ftlesa 'kh"kZ vkus dh izkf;drk p, 0 < p < 1 gS (r)
2
dks izFke ckj 'kh"kZ vkus rd mNkyk tkrk gSA ;fn vko';d mNkyksa
ds le gksus dh izkf;drk 2/5 gS] rks p =
1
(D) ,d flDdk ftldh Qydsa 3 rFkk 5 ls ukekafdr gSa] 4 ckj mNkyk tkrk gS] (s)
5
bu ij la[;kvksa dk ;ksx 15 ls de vkus dh D;k kf;drk gksxh \
Ans. (A) (s), (B) (r), (C) (q), (D) (p)
PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx-I : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi dkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)
1. A local post office is to send M telegrams which are distributed at random over N communication
channels, (N > M). Each telegram is sent over any channel with equal probability. Chance that not
more than one telegram will be sent over each channel is:
,d LFkkuh; iksLV vkWfQl ls M Vsyhxzke Hksts tkrs gSa tks ;kn`fPNd :i ls N lapkj pSuyksa esa ckVs tkrs gS (N > M)]
izR;sd Vsyhxzke dks fdlh Hkh pSuy ij Hksts tkus dh izkf;drk cjkcj gks] rks izR;sd pSuy ij ,d ls vf/kd Vsyhxzke
ugha Hksts tkus dh izkf;drk gS &
N N N N
CM . M ! CM . N ! CM . M ! CM . N !
(A*) M (B) N (C) 1 N (D) 1
N M M NM
2. A cube painted red on all sides, is cut into 125 equal small cubes. A small cube when picked up is found to
show red colour on one of its faces. Then the probability that two more faces also show red colour.
,d ?ku lHkh rjQ ls yky gS] bls 125 NksVs ?kuksa esa dkVk x;kA ,d NksVk ?ku mBkus ij ;g ik;k x;k dh blds ,d Qyd
ij yky jax gSA rc blds nks vU; Qydks ij Hkh yky jax gksus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
4 4 8
(A*) (B) (C) (D) None of these buesa ls dksbZ ugha
49 120 49
3. A car is parked by an owner in a parking lot of 25 cars in a row, including his car not at either end. On
his return he finds that exactly 15 placed are still occupied. The probability that both the neighboring
places are empty is
91 15 15
(A) (B) (C*) (D) none of these
276 184 92
,d O;fDr 25 dkjksa ds ikfdZxa LFkku ij viuh dkj [kM+h djrk gS tcfd vfUre LFkkuksa dks NksM+ fn;k gS tc og okil
vkrk gS] rks mls Bhd 15 LFkku Hkjs feyrs gS] rks mldh dkj ds nksuksa rjQ ds LFkku [kkyh gksus dh izf;drk gksxh&
91 15 15
(A) (B) (C*) (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
276 184 92
ADVPR - 16
Probability
4. A has 3 tickets in a lottery containing 3 prizes and 9 blanks; B has 2 tickets in a lottery containing 2 prizes
and 6 blanks. Compare their chances of success
(A*) 952 / 715 (B) 950 / 952 (C) 952 / 710 (D) None of these
A ds ikl ykWVjh ftuesa 3 bZuke rFkk 9 [kkyh gS] ds 3 fVdV gS rFkk B ds ikl 2 fVdV ftuesa 2 bZuke rFkk 6 [kkyh
gS] rks mudh lQyrk dh lEHkkoukvksa dh rqyuk dhft,&
(A*) 952 / 715 (B) 950 / 952 (C) 952 / 710 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
5. A 2n digit number starts with 2 and all its digits are prime, then the probability that the sum of all 2 consecu-
tive digits of the number is prime, is
(A) 4 23n (B*) 4 23n (C) 23n (D) none of these
,d 2n vadks okyh la[;k dk izFke vad 2 gS rFkk bl la[;k ds lHkh vad vHkkT; gSA rks bl la[;k ds lHkh nks ekxr
vadks dk ;ksx vHkkT; la[;k gksus dh izkf;drk gksxh&
(A) 4 23n (B*) 4 23n (C) 23n (D) bueas ls dksbZ ugha
6. An urn contains 'm' green and 'n' red balls. K (< m, n) balls are drawn and laid aside, their colur being ignored.
Then one more ball is drawn. Then the probability that it is green.
,d FkSys esa 'm' gjh rFkk 'n' yky xsnsa gSA buesa ls K (< m, n) xsnsa fcuk jax ns[ks fudky dj vyx j[k nh xbZ gSA rc ,d
vU; xsn fudkyh tkrh gSA rks blds gjs jax ds gksus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
m n 2n
mn mn mn
7. In a regular decagon find the probability that the two diagonal chosen at random will intersect inside the
polygon.
fdlh le nlHkqt esa ;kn`fPNd :i ls pqus x;s nks fod.kksZ dk frPNsn fcUnq] cgqHkqt ds vUnj gksus dh kf;drk Kkr
dhft;sA
6 12 5
17 17 17
8. An urn contains m white and n black balls. A ball is drawn at random and is put back into the urn along
with k additional balls of the same colour as that of the ball drawn. A ball is again drawn at random.
Then the probability that the ball drawn now is white.
,d ik=k esa m lQsn rFkk n dkyh xsan gSA ,d xsan ;kn`fPNd fudkyh tkrh gSa rFkk ftl jax dh xsan fudyrh gSa mls
mlh jax dh vfrfjDr k xsanks ds lkFk ik=k esa okil j[k nh tkrh gSA ,d xsan iqu% ;kn`PN;k fudkyh tkrh gSA vc
fudyus okyh xsan ds lQsn gksus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft, \
m n 2n
mn mn mn
9. The chance that the top card in the deck is a diamond given that the fourth card from the top is a eight in
well shuffled deck.
,d vPNh rjg QSVh gqbZ rk'k dh xM~Mh esa ij ls pkSFkk ikk vB~Bh gS] rks ij okyk ikk bZaV ds gksus dh izkf;drk
Kkr dhft,A
1 2 1
4 3 2
10. A fair coin is tossed 9 times the probability that at least 5 consecutive heads occurs is
,d fu"i{kikrh flDds dks 9 ckj mNkyus ij de ls de 5 ckj yxkrkj fpk (Head) vkus dh izkf;drk gS
9
5 3 1 5
(A) (B*) (C) 9C5 (D)
64 32 2 29
ADVPR - 17
Probability
11. A man has 10 coins and one of them is known to have two heads. He takes one at random and tosses it
5 times and it always falls head. Then the chance that it is the coins with two heads.
,d O;fDr ds ikl 10 flDds gSa buesa ls 1 flDds ds nksuksa vksj 'kh"kZ gSA og ;kn`fPNd :i ls ,d flDdk ysrk gSa rFkk
bls 5 ckj mNkyrk gSa vkSj ges'kk 'kh"kZ vkrk gS] bl flDds ds nksuksa vksj 'kh"kZ okyk gksus dh D;k lEHkkouk gS \
32 32 23
41 51 32
12. 2 hunters A & B shot at a bear simultaneously. The bear was shot dead with only one hole in its hide.
Probability of A shooting the bear 0.8 & that of B shooting the bear is 0.4. The hide was sold for
Rs. 280/-. If this sum of money is divided between A & B in a fair way, then find the share of A
nks f'kdkjh A vkSj B ,d Hkkyq ij ,d lkFk fu'kkuk yxkrs gSA Hkkyq dh [kky esa ,d Nsn gksus ij gh og ej tkrk gSA
Hkkyq dks A }kjk ekjus dh izkf;drk 0.8 rFkk B }kjk 0.4 gSA bl [kky dks 280 :- esa cspk tkrk gSA ;fn bl dher
dks A rFkk B ds chp lgh rjhds ls ckaVk tkrk gS] rks A dk fgLlk gS
(A) 130 (B*) 240 (C) 200 (D) 190
13. A number is chosen at random from the numbers 10 to 99. A number whose product of digits is 12 will be
called a good number. If he choose three numbers with replacement then the probability that he will choose
a good number at least once is
10 ls 99 rd dh la[;kvksa esa ls ,d la[;k ;kn`f PNd :i ls pquh tkrh gSA og la[;k ftlds vadks dk xq.kuQy 12
gks] vPNh la[;k (good number) dgykrh gSA ;fn og rhu la[;k, izfrLFkkiu djrs gq, pqurk gS rks de ls de ,d
ckj vPNh la[;k (good number) vkus dh izkf;drk gS
(A) 0.872 (B*) 0.127 (C) 0.562 (D) None of these buesa ls dksbZ ugha
14. A Sudoku matrix is defined as a 9 9 arrary with entries from {1, 2, 3 . . . . . 9} and with the constraint that
each row, each column and each of the nine 3 3 boxes that tile the array contains each digit from 1 to 9
exactly once. A Sudoku matrix is chosen at random (so that every Sudoku matrix has equal probability of
being chosen). We know two of square in this matrix as shown. Then the probability that the square marked
by ? contains the digit 3 is.
,d oxZ igsyh 9 9 js[kkvksa ds lkFk ifjHkkf"kr gS ftlds vo;o {1, 2, 3 . . . . . 9} gSA izfrcU/k ds lkFk izR;sd iafDr]
izR;sd LrEHk rFkk 3 3 ds 9 oxksZ eas izR;sd esa vad 1 ls 9 rd Bhd ,d ckj vkrk gSA
,d oxZ igsyh ;kn`fPNd pquh tkrh gS (tcfd izR;sd oxZ igsyh ds pquus dh izkf;drk cjkcj gS) fp=k esa bl igsyh
ds nks oxZ n'kkZ, x, gSA rc fpUg ? okys oxZ esa fpUg ? ds vad 3 gksus dh izkf;drk gSA
1
2
?
2 2 2 3
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
21 19 17 26
ADVPR - 18
Probability
PART - II : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE

Hkkx - II : ,dy ,oa f}&iw.kkd eku izdkj SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE
1. Seven digits from the number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 & 9 are written in random order. The probability that this
p
seven digit number is divisible by 9 is then (p + q) equals. (Where p & q are co-prime natural numbers)
q
vadks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 o 9 dks ;kn`fPNd e esa lkr vadks dh la[;k cuk;h tkrh gSA bl lkr vad dh la[;k ds 9
ls foHkkftr gksus dh izkf;drk p/q gS rc (p + q) cjkcj gS (tgk p vkSj q lgvHkkT; izkr la[;k,a gSA)
Ans. 10
2. Three numbers are chosen at random without replacement from {1, 2, 3,......, 10}. The probability that
p
the minimum of the chosen numbers is 3 or their maximum is 7 is then (q 2p) equals.
q
(Where p & q are co-prime natural numbers)
{1, 2, 3,......, 10} esa ls rhu vad fcuk iquZLFkkiu ds ;kn`f PNd :i ls pqus tkrs gSA pqus gq, vadks esa U;wure vad
3 ;k vf/kdre~ vad 7 vkus dh izk f;drk p/q gS rc (q 2p) cjkcj gS (tgk p vkSj q lg vHkkT; izkr la[;k,a gS)
Ans. 18
3. In a multiple choice question there are 4 alternative answers of which 1, 2, 3 or all may be correct. A
candidate will get marks in the question only if he ticks all the correct answer. The candidate decides
to tick answers at random. If he is allowed upto 5 chances to answer the question, If the probability that
he will get the marks in the question is p then 3p equals
,d cgqfodYih iz'u ds mkjksa ds pkj fodYi fn, gq, gS ftuesa 1, 2, 3 ;k lHkh lgh gks ldrs gSA ,d ijh{kkFkhZ dks
iz'u ds vad rHkh feysxsa tc og lHkh lgh mkjksa ij fu'kku yxk;sxkA ijh{kkFkhZ ;kn`fPNd fu'kku yxkus dk fu'p;
djrk gSA ;fn mls iz'u dk mkj nsus ds fy, 5 volj feyrs gS rks mls bl iz'u esa vad feyus dh izkf;drk p gS
rc 3p cjkcj gS
Ans. 1
4. 3 firemen X, Y and Z shoot at a common target. The probabilities that X and Y can hit the target are
2/3 and 3/4 respectively. If the probability that exactly two bullets are found on the target is 11/24, then
the probability of Z to hit the target is then 6 equals
3 canqd/kkjh X, Y rFkk Z ,d gh y{; ij fu'kkuk yxkrs gSA X rFkk Y ds }kjk y{; Hksnus dh izk f;drk e'k% 2/3 rFkk
3/4 gSA ;fn y{; ij Bhd nks xksfy;k feyus dh izkf;drk 11/24 gS] rc Z ds y{; ij Bhd fu'kkuk yxkus dh izkf;drk
gS] rks 6 cjkcj gS
Ans. 3
5. A card is drawn from a pack, the card is replaced & the pack shuffled. If this is done 6 times, the
p
probability that the cards drawn are 2 hearts, 2 diamonds & 2 black cards is then total number of
q
proper divisors of (pq). (Where p & q are co-prime natural numbers):
,d rk'k dh xh esa ls ,d ikk fudkyk tkrk gS rFkk iks dk iquZLFkkiu dj xh dks QSVk tkrk gSA ;fn ,slk 6 ckj
p
fd;k tkrk gS rks fudkys x;s ikksa ds 2 ykyiku] 2 bV vkSj 2 dkys iks gksus dh izkf;drk q gS rc (pq) ds mfpr
Hkktdksa dh dqy la[;k gS (tgk p vkSj q lg vHkkT; izkr la[;k,a gS)
Ans. 58
ADVPR - 19
Probability
6. There are 4 urns. The first urn contains 1 white & 1 black ball, the second urn contains 2 white & 3
black balls, the third urn contains 3 white & 5 black balls & the fourth urn contains 4 white & 7 black
i2 1
balls. The selection of each urn is not equally likely. The probability of selecting ith urn is
34
(i = 1, 2, 3, 4). If we randomly select one of the urns & draw a ball, then the probability of ball being
p
white is then sum of digits of p is. (Where p & q are co-prime natural numbers) :
q
4 ik=k gS ftuesa ls izFke ik=k esa 1 lQsn rFkk 1 dkyh xsan gS] nwljs ik=k esa 2 lQsn rFkk 3 dkyh xsansa gS] rhljs ik=k
esa 3 lQsn rFkk 5 dkyh xsansa gSa rFkk prqFkZ ik=k esa 4 lQsn rFkk 7 dkyh xsansa gSA izR;sd ik=k dks pquuk lelEHkkoh ugha
i2 1
gSA i os ik=k dks pquus dh izkf;drk (i = 1, 2, 3, 4) gSA ;fn ge ;kn`fPNd :i ls ,d ik=k pqurs gS rFkk 1 xsan
34
mlesa ls fudkyrs gS rks fudkyh gqbZ xasn ds lQsn gksus dh izkf;drk p/q gS rc p ds vadksa dk ;ksxQy cjkcj gS
(tgk p vkSj q lg vHkkT; izk r la[;k,a gS)
Ans. 20
7. In a Nigerian hotel, among the english speaking people 40% are English & 60% Americans. The English
& American spellings are "RIGOUR" & "RIGOR" respectively. An English speaking person in the hotel
writes this word. A letter from this word is chosen at random & found to be a vowel. If the probability that
the writer is an Englishman is a/b, then (b a) equals. (Where a & b are co-prime natural numbers)
,d ukbZftfj;u gksVy esa vaxzsth cksyus okyksa esa ls 40 izfr'kr vaxszt rFkk 60 izfr'kr vesfjdu gSaA vaxzsth rFkk
vesfjdu 'kCn e'k% "RIGOUR" ,oa "RIGOR" gSA ,d vaxszth cksyus okyk O;fDr bl 'kCn dks fy[krk gSA ,d v{kj
bl 'kCn esa ls ;kn`fPNd pquk tkrk gSa rFkk ;g ,d Loj ik;k tkrk gSA ;fn fy[kus okys O;fDr ds ,d vaxzst gksus
dh izkf;drk a/b gS rc (b a) cjkcj gS tgk a vkSj b lgvHkkT; izkd`r la[;k,a gSA
Ans. 6
8. Mr. Modi is a professional tea taster. When given a high grade tea, he will identify it with probability 0.9
correctly as high grade and will mistake it for a low grade tea with probability 0.1 . When given a low grade
tea, he will identify it with probability 0.8 correctly as low grade tea and will mistake it for a high grade tea with
probability 0.2 . Suppose that Mr. Dupont is given ten unlabelled cups of tea, three with high grade and seven
with low grade tea. He randomly picks a cup, tries the tea and Solemnly says high grade tea. If the
probability that the tea he tasted was low grade tea is express in form of a/b then (3a b) equals. (Where a
& b are co-prime natural numbers)
Jheku eksnh ,d pk; ds Lokn dk vPNk tkudkj gSA tc mPp DokfyVh dh pk; nh tkrh gS rks mlds }kjk bldh xq.kokk
dks mPp DokfyVh dh igpkuus dh izkf;drk 0.9 gS rFkk xq.kokk dks fuEu DokfyVh dh pk; ds :i esa igpkuus es xyrh
djus dh izkf;drk 0.1 gSA tc mldks fuEu DokfyVh dh pk; nh tkrh gS rks mlds }kjk bldh xq.kokk dks lgh igpkuus
dh izkf;drk 0.8 gSA rFkk xq.kokk dks mPp DokfyVh dh pk; ds :i esa igpkuus es xyrh djus dh izkf;drk 0.2 gSA ekuk
fd Jheku nqiUr dks fcuk ekdkZ yxs 10 pk; ds di fn, x, gS ftues rhu mPp DokfyVh ds rFkk lkr fuEu DokfyVh ds
gSA og ;kn`fPNd ,d di mBkrk gS rFkk pk; dks igpku dj dgrk gS fd ''mPp DokfyVh dh pk;'' gSA ;fn mlds }kjk
tkaph xbZ pk; fuEu DokfyVh ds gksus dh izkf;drk a/b gS rc (3a b) cjkcj gS tgk a vkSj b lgvHkkT; izkd`r gSA
Ans. 1
9. In a purse there are 10 coins, all 5 paise except one which is a rupee. In another purse there are 10
coins all 5 paise. 9 coins are taken out from the former purse & put into the latter & then 9 coins are
taken out from the latter & put into the former. Then the chance that the rupee is still in the first purse
is p then 19p 9 equals :
,d cVq,sa esa 10 flDds gSa ftuesa ,d :i;s dk flDdk gS vkSj 'ks"k lHkh 5 iSls ds flDds gSA nwljs cVq, esa 5 iSls okys
10 flDds gSA igys cVq, sa esa ls 9 flDds fudkydj nwljs esa j[k fn;s tkrs gS vkSj blds i'pkr nwljs esa ls 9 flDds
fudkydj igys esa j[k fn;s tkrs gS] rks :i;s dk flDdk vc Hkh igys cVq,sa esa gh gksus dh izkf;drk p gS rc
19p 9 cjkcj gS
Ans. 1
ADVPR - 20
Probability
10_. A Teacher wrote either of words PARALLELOGRAM or PARALLELOPIPED on board but due to
malfunction of marker words is not properly written and only two consecutive letters "RA" are visible
p
then the chance that the written word is PARALLELOGRAM is then (p + q) equals. (Where p & q are
q
co-prime natural numbers) :
,d v/;kid 'kCn PARALLELOGRAM ;k PARALLELOPIPED dks cksMZ ij fy[krk gSA ekdZj isu ds lgh dk;Z ugha
djus ls 'kCn Bhd ls ugha fy[kk x;k gS rFkk dsoy nks ekxr v{kj "RA" gh fn[kkbZ nsrs gSA rc 'kCn PARALLELOGRAM
p
ds fy[kus dh izkf;drk q gS rc (p + q) cjkcj gS (tgk p vkSj q lgvHkkT; izkr la[;k,a gS) :
Ans. 32
11. The number a is randomly selected from the set {0, 1, 2, 3, . . . . . . , 98, 99}. The number b is selected from
p
the same set. Probability that the number 3a + 7b has a digit equal to 8 at the units place, is then exponent
q
of 5 in (pq)! is : (Where p & q are co-prime natural numbers)
la[;k a dk leqPp; {0, 1, 2, 3, . . . . . . , 98, 99} es ls ;kn`fPNd :i ls pquko fd;k tkrk gSA la[;k b dks Hkh
p
blh leqPp; ls pquk tkrk gS rks la[;k 3a + 7b ds bdkbZ ds LFkku ij vad 8 gksus dh izkf;drk q gS rc (pq)! esa
5 dh ?kkr gS (tgk p vkSj q lgvHkkT; izk r la[;k,a gS)
Ans. 10
12. Suppose that of all used cars of a particular year, 30% have bad brakes. You are considering buying a used
car of that year. You take the car to a mechanic to have the brakes checked. The chance that the mechanic
will give you wrong report is 20%. Assuming that the car you take to the mechanic is selected " at random"
from the population of cars of that year. The odds in favor of chance that the car's brakes are good given that
the mechanic says its brakes are good is m : n then (m 7n) equals. (Where m & n are co-prime natural
numbers)
ekuk fd fdlh o"kZ esa mi;ksx dh tkus okyh dkjksa esa ls 30% ds czd
s [kjkc gSA ;fn vkidks ml o"kZ dh ,d iqjkuh dkj [kjhnuh gSA
vki dkj dks feL=kh ds ikl czds psd djkus ys tkrs gksA feL=kh }kjk xyr tkudjh nsus dh lEHkkouk 20% gS] tks dkj vkius yh
s ds lgh gksus dh izkf;drk ds i{k esa la;ksxkuqikr m
gS og ml o"kZ dh lHkh dkjksa esa ls ;kn`fPNd :i ls pquh xbZ gSA dkj ds czd
: n gS ;fn feL=kh dgrk gS fd blds czd s lgh gSA rc (m 7n) cjkcj gS tgk m vkSj n lgvHkkT; la[;k,a gSA
Ans. 7
13. A bag contains (n + 1) coins. It is known that one of these coins has a head on both sides, whereas the
other coins are normal. One of these coins is selected at random & tossed. If the probability that the
toss results in head, is 7/12, then the value of n is.
,d cSx esa (n + 1) flDds gSaA ;g Kkr gSa fd buesa ls ,d flDds ds nksuksa rjQ 'kh"kZ gSa tcfd vU; flDds lkekU;
gSA bu flDdksa esa ls ,d flDdk ;kn`f'pd :i ls pquk tkrk gSa rFkk mNkyk tkrk gSA ;fn mNkys gq, flDds ij 'kh"kZ
vkus dh izkf;drk 7/12 gksa rks n dk eku gksxk
Ans. 5
14. In a certain factory machines A, B and C produce bolts. of their production A, B and C produce 2%, 1% and
3% defective bolts respectively. Machine A produces 35% of the total output of bolts machine B produces
25% and machine C produces 40%. A bolts is chosen at random from the factorys production and its found
to be defective. The odds in favor that it was produced on machine C is m : n then (m n) equals. (Where m
& n are co-prime natural numbers)
fdlh QsDVh esa rhu e'khuksa A, B vkSj C }kjk cksYV dk mRiknu fd;k tkrk gSA bl mRiknu esa e'khu A, B ,oa C e'k%
2%, 1% ,oa 3% =kqfViq.kZ cksYV mRikfnr djrh gSA dqy mRiknu dk 35% e'khu A }kjk 25% e'khu B }kjk rFkk 40%
e'khu C }kjk mRikfnr fd;k tkrk gSA QsDVh esa gq, mRiknu esa ls ,d cksYV dk pquko ;kn`fPNd :i ls fd;k tkrk
gS rFkk ik;k tkrk gS fd ;g =kqfViw.kZ gSA ;g cksYV e'khu C }kjk mRikfnr gksus dh izkf;drk ds i{k esa la;ksxkuqikr
m : n gS rc (m n) cjkcj gS tgk m vkSj n lgvHkkT; la[;k,a gSA
Ans. 5
ADVPR - 21
Probability
15. In each of a set of games it is 2 to 1 in favor of the winner of the previous game. If the probabilty that the
p
player who wins the first game shall win three at least of the next four is then pq equals : (Where p & q
q
are co-prime natural numbers)
izR;sd [ksy esa fiNys [ksy ds fotsrk ds i{k esa la;ksxkuqikr 2 : 1 gS rks izFke [ksy thrus okys f[kykM+h ds vxys pkj
p
[ksyksa esa ls de ls de rhu ds thrus dh izkf;drk q gS rc pq gS (tgk p vkSj q lg vHkkT; izkr la[;k gS)
Ans. 36
1 1 1
16_. A couple has one or two or three children with probability , and respectively. Probability of a couple
4 2 4
p
having exactly four grandchildren in such a type of society is then sum of digit of q equals. (Where p &
q
q are co-prime natural numbers)
1 1 1
,d ;qxy ds ,d ;k nks ;k rhu cPps gksus dh izkf;drk, e'k% , rFkk gSA bl izdkj ds leqnk; esa ,d ;qxy ds
4 2 4
p
Bhd pkj ikSrs ;k ikSfr;k gksus dh izkf;drk q gSA rc q ds vadksa dk ;ksxQy cjkcj gS (tgk p vkSj q lg vHkkT; izkr la[;k,a
gSA)
Ans. 11
PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx - III : ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi dkj
1. In throwing a dice let A be the event coming up of an odd number, B be the event coming up of an even
number, C be the event coming up of a number 4 and D be the event coming up of a number < 3,
then
(A*) A and B are mutually exclusive and exhautive
(B) A and C are mutually exclusive and exhautive
(C*) A, C and D form an exhautive system
(D) B, C and D form an exhautive system
,d ikls dks QSadus ij ^,d fo"ke la[;k dk vkuk* ?kVuk A gS] ,d le la[;k dk vkuk ?kVuk B gS "4 ;k 4 ls cM+k
vad vkuk ?kVuk C gS rFkk '3 ls NksVk vad vkuk* ?kVuk D gS] rks &
(A) A vkSj B ijLij viothZ o fu%'ks"k gSA
(B) A vkSj C ijLij viothZ o fu%'ks"k gSA
(C) A, C vkSj D ,d fu%'ks"k fudk; cukrs gSA
(D) B, C vkSj D ,d fu%'ks"k fudk; cukrs gSA
2. If M & N are any two events, then which one of the following represents the probability of the occurence
of exactly one of them ?
;fn M vkSj N nks ?kVuk;sa gS] rks fuEu esa ls dkSulk Bhd ,d ds ?kfVr gksus dh izkf;drk dks iznf'kZr djrk gS &
(A*) P (M) + P (N) 2 P (M N) (B) P (M) + P (N) P (M N)
(C*) P M + P N 2 P M N
(D*) P M N + P M N

3. Let 0 < P(A) < 1, 0 < P(B) < 1 & P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A). P(B), then:
ekuk 0 < P(A) < 1, 0 < P(B) < 1 vkSj P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A). P(B), rks :
(A) P(B/A) = P(B) P(A) (B) P(AC BC) = P(AC) + P(BC)
C C C
(C*) P((A B) ) = P(A ). P(B ) (D*) P(A/B) = P(A)
ADVPR - 22
Probability
4. A box contains 11 tickets numbered from 1 to 11. Two tickets are drawn similtaneously at random.
Let E1 denotes the event that the sum of the numbers on the tickets drawn is even
and E2 denotes the event that the sum of the numbers on the tickets drawn is odd
Which of the following hold good?
(A*) P(E1/E2) = P(E2/E1) (B*) E1 and E2 are exhaustive
(C*) P(E2) > P(E1) (D) E1 and E2 are equally likely
,d lUnqd esa 11 fVfdV j[ks gS ftu ij 1, 2, 3, ...... 11 vafdr gSA 2 fVfdV ,d lkFk ;kn`fPNd :i ls fudkys tkrs
gS A
ekuk E1 fudkys x;s fVfdVksa ij izk Ir la[;kvksa dk ;ksx le vkus dh ?kVuk gSA
rFkk E2 fudkys x;s fVfdVksa ij izk Ir la[;kvksa dk ;ksx fo"ke vkus dh ?kVuk gSA
rks fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSulk lR; gS ?
(A*) P(E1/E2) = P(E2/E1) (B*) E1 ,oa E2 fu''ks"k ?kVuk, gS
(C*) P(E2) > P(E1) (D) E1 ,oa E2 leizk f;d ?kVuk, gS
5. The probabilities of events, A B, A, B & A B are respectively in A.P. with second term equal to the
common difference. Therefore A & B are:
(A*) mutually exclusive
(B) independent
(C) such that one of them must occur
(D*) such that one is twice as likely as the other
?kVukvksa A B, A, B vkSj A B dh izkf;drk, e'k% lekUrj Js<+h esa gS ftldk f}rh; in lkoZvUrj ds cjkcj gSA
vr% A vkSj B gksaxs&
(A) ijLij viothZ gSaA
(B) LorU=k gSaA
(C) bl izdkj gS fd muesa ls ,d t:j ?kfVr gksrh gSA
(D) bl izdkj gS fd ,d ds ?kfVr gksus dh lEHkkouk nwljh ls nqxquh gSA
6. A bag contains four tickets marked with numbers 112, 121, 211, 222. One ticket is drawn at random
from the bag. Let Ei(i = 1, 2, 3) denote the event that ith digit on the ticket is 2. Then
(A*) E1 and E2 are independent (B*) E2 and E3 are independent
(C*) E3 and E1 are independent (D) E1, E2, E3 are independent
,d FkSysa esa pkj fVdV gSa ftu ij la[;k,a 112, 121, 211, 222 vafdr gSA FkSysa esa ls ,d fVdV dks ;kn`PNk fudkyk
tkrk gSA ekuk ?kVuk Ei (i = 1, 2, 3) fVdV ij ioka vad 2gksuk iznf'kZr djrk gS] rks &
(A) E1 vkSj E2 LorU=k gSA (B) E2 vkSj E3 LorU=k gSA
(C) E3 vkSj E1 LorU=k gSA (D) E1, E2, E3 LorU=k gSA
7. In an experimental performance of a single throw of a pair of unbiased normal dice, three events E1, E2
& E3 are defined as follows:
E 1: getting a prime numbered face on each dice
E 2: getting the same number on each dice
E 3: getting a sum total of dots on two dice equal to 8. Then:
(A*) the events E1, E2 & E3 are mutually exclusive
(B*) the events E1, E2 & E3 are not pairwise mutually exclusive
(C) the events E1, E2 are independent
(D*) P(E3E1) = 2/9.
,d fu"i{kikrh lk/kkj.k ikls ;qXe dks QSadus ij rhu ?kVuk;sa E1, E2 & E3 fuEu izdkj ifjHkkf"kr gS %
E 1: izR;sd ikls ds Qyd ij vHkkT; la[;k vkuk
E 2: izR;sd ikls ds Qyd ij leku la[;k vkuk
E 3: nksuksa iklksa ds Qydks ds vadks dk ;ksx 8 vkuk] rks
(A) ?kVuk;sa E1, E2 & E3 ijLij viothZ gSaA
(B) ?kVuk;sa E1, E2 & E3 ;qXeksa esa ijLij viothZ ugha gSA
(C) ?kVuk;sa E1, E2 Lora=k gSA
(D) P(E3E1) = 2/9.
ADVPR - 23
Probability
8. The probability that a bulb produced by a factory will fuse after an year of use is 0.1. Then the
probability that out of 4 such bulbs
94
(A*) None of then bulb will fuse after an year of use is
10 4
1
(B*) More then three bulbs will fuse after an year of use is
10 4
9999
(C*) Not more then three bulbs will fuse after an year of use is
10000
1
(D*) All the bulbs will fuse after an year of use is
104
,d cYc ds ,d o"kZ i'pkr~ [kjkc gksus dh izkf;drk 0.1 gS rks izkf;drk Kkr djks fd bl izdkj ds 4 cYcksa esa ls
94
(A*) mi;ksx ds ,d o"kZ i'pkr~ dksbZ Hkh cYc [kjkc ugha gksus dh izkf;drk gSA
10 4
1
(B*) mi;ksx ds ,d o"kZ ckn 3 ls vf/kd cYcksa ds [kjkc gksus dh izkf;drk
10 4
gSA
9999
(C*) mi;ksx ds ,d o"kZ ckn rhu cYcksa ls vf/kd ugha ds [kjkc gksus dh izkf;drk gSA
10000
1
(D*) mi;ksx
104
ds ,d o"kZ ckn lHkh cYcksa ds [kjkc gksus ds izkf;drk gSA
9. If 4 whole numbers taken at random are multiplied together

16
(A*) Probability that the last digit in the product is 1, 3, 7 or 9 is
625
369
(B*) Probability that the last digit in the product is 5 is
10 4
3727
(C) Probability that the last digit in the product is 0 is
10 4
2357
(D) Probability that the last digit in the product is 0 is
10 4
;fn 4 iw.kZ la[;k;sa ;kn`fPNd ysdj mudk xq.kuQy fudkyk tkrk gS
16
(A*) muds xq.kuQy esa vfUre vad 1, 3, 7 ;k 9 gksus dh izkf;drk gSA
625
369
(B*) xq.kuQy esa vfUre vad 5 gksus dh izkf;drk
10 4
gSA
3727
(C) xq.kuQy esa vfUre vad 0 gksus dh izkf;drk
10 4
gSA
2357
(D) xq.kuQy esa vfUre vad 0 gksus dh izkf;drk
10 4
gSA
10. The probability that 4th power of a positive integer ends in the digit is P()
,d /kukRed iw.kkZad la[;k dh prqFkZ ?kkr dk bdkbZ vad gksus dh izkf;drk P() gS rc
4 4 1 1
(A*) P(6) = (B*) P(1) = (C*) P(5) = (D*) P(0) =
10 10 10 10
ADVPR - 24
Probability
11. Mean and variance of a Binomial variate of 10 trials of the experiment are in the ratio of 3 : 2.
(A*) The most probable number of happening of variable is 3
(B*) Sum of the mean and variance is 10
8064
(C*) Probability of getting exactly 5 success is
310
(D) The most probable number of happening of variable is 5
iz;ksx ds 10 ijh{k.kksa esa f}in fopj dk ek/; rFkk izlj.k 3 : 2 ds vuqikr esa gSA
(A*) pjksa ds gksus dh vf/kd mi;qDr la[;k 3 gSA
(B*) ek/; vkSj izlj.k dk ;ksx 10 gSA
8064
(C*) Bhd 5 lQyrk
310
vkus dh izkf;drk gSA
(D) pjksa ds gksus dh vf/kd mi;qDr la[;k 5 gSA
12. A student appears for tests I, II & III. The student is successful if he passes either in tests I & II or tests
I & III. The probabilities of the student passing in the tests I, II & III are p, q &
1/2 respectively. If the probability that the student is successful is 1/2, then:
(A*) p = 1, q = 0 (B*) p = 2/3, q = 1/2
(C*) p = 3/5, q = 2/3 (D*) there are infinitely many values of p & q.
,d Nk=k rhu ijh{kk I, II rFkk III ds fy, mifLFkr gksrk gSA Nk=k lQy gksrk gSa ;fn og I rFkk II ;k I rFkk III ijh{kk
ikl dj ysrk gSA Nk=k ds ijh{kk I, II rFkk III esa lQy gksus dh izkf;drk e'k% p, q rFkk 1/2 gSA ;fn Nk=k ds lQy
gksus dh izkf;drk 1/2 gS rks
(A*) p = 1, q = 0 (B*) p = 2/3, q = 1/2
(C*) p = 3/5, q = 2/3 (D*) ;gk p rFkk q ds vuUr eku gSA
13. A student has to match three historical events i.e. Dandi March, Quit India Movement and Mahatma Gandhis
assasination with the years 1948, 1930 and 1942 and each event happens in different years . The student
has no knowledge of the correct answers and decides to match the events and years randomly. Let Ei : (0
i 3) denote the event that the student gets exactly i correct answer, then
,d fo|kFkhZ dks rhu ,sfrgkfld ?kVukvksa dk feyku djuk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ & nk.Mh ;k=kk] Hkkjr NksM+ks vkUnksyu vkSj
egkRek xk/kh th dh gR;k dk o"kksZ 1948, 1930 o 1942 ds lkFk] tcfd R;sd ?kVuk fHk&fHk o"kksZ esa gksA fo/kkFkhZ dks
lgh mkj dk dksbZ Kku ugha gS rFkk og mudks ;kn`fPNd :i ls feykus dk fu.kZ; ysrk gSA ekukfd Ei : (0 i 3)
fo|kFkhZ }kjk Bhd i lgh mkj ikus dh ?kVuk dks iznf'kZr djrk gS rc&
(A*) P(Eo) + P(E3) = P(E1) (B*) P(Eo) . P(E1) = P(E3)
(C*) P(E0 E1) = P(E2) (D*) P(E0) + P(E1) + P(E3) = 1
14. For any two events A & B defined on a sample space,

P (A) P (B) 1
(A*) P A B , P (B) 0 is always true
P (B)
(B) P A B = P (A) - P (A B)

(C*) P (A B) = 1 - P (Ac). P (Bc), if A & B are independent
(D) P (A B) = 1 - P (Ac). P (Bc), if A & B are disjoint
izfrn'kZ lef"V esa ifjHkkf"kr fdUgha nks ?kVukvksa A vkSj B ds fy, &
P (A) P (B) 1
(A) P A B , P (B) 0 ges'kk lR; gSA
P (B)
(B) P A B = P (A) P (A
B)
(C) P (A B) = 1 P (Ac). P (Bc), ;fn A rFkk B Lora=k gSA
(D) P (A B) = 1 P (Ac). P (Bc), ;fn A rFkk B ijLij viothZ gSA
ADVPR - 25
Probability
15. An unbiased coin is tossed n times. Let X denote the number of times head occurs. If
P(X = 4), P (X = 5) and P(X = 6) are in AP, then the value of n can be
,d fu"i{kikrh flDds dks n ckj mNkyk tkrk gSA X 'kh"kZ vkus dh la[ ;k dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA ;fn
P(X = 4), P (X = 5) rFkk P(X = 6) lekUrj Js<+h esa gks] rks n dk eku gks ldrk gS
(A*) 7 (B) 10 (C) 12 (D*) 14
x
1
16_. A random variable x takes values 0, 1, 2, 3, ....., with probability proportional to (x + 1) , then
5
x
1
,d ;kn`fPnd pj x ds eku 0, 1, 2, 3, ....., dh izkf;drk,a (x + 1) 5 ds lekuqikrh gS rc

16 112
(A*) P(x = 0) = (B*) P(x 1) =
25 125
9 25
(C*) P(x 1) = (D) E(x) =
25 32
17_. Let X be a set containing n elements. If two subsets A and B of X are picked at random. The probability of
A and B having same number of elements
ekuk X ,d leqPp; gS tks n vo;o j[krk gSA ;fn X ds nks mileqPp; A vkSj B dks ;kn`fPNd pquh tkrk gS rc A vkSj B
esa vo;oksa dh leku la[;k gksus dh izkf;drk gS
2n
Cn 1 1.3.5.....2n 1 3n
(A*) (B) 2n (C*) (D)
22n C cn 2n.n! 4n
18_. A square matrix of order 3 3 is formed using the elements of the set {2016, 0, 2016}
1
(A*) Probability of getting a matrix which is symmetric is
33
1
(B*) Probability of getting a matrix which is skew symmetric is
36
1
(C*) Probability of getting a matrix which has maximum trace is
33
1
(D*) Probability of getting a matrix which has minimum trace is
33
leqPp; {2016, 0, 2016} ds vo;oksa dh lgk;rk ls 3 3 e ds ,d oxZ vkO;wg dks cuk;k tkrk gSA
1
(A*) vkO;wg
33
ds lefer gksus dh izkf;drk gSA
1
(B*) vkO;wg
36
ds fo"ke lefer gksus dh izkf;drk gSA
1
(C*) vkO;wg
33
ds vf/kdre vuqjs[k gksus dh izkf;drk gSA
1
(D*) vkO;wg
33
ds U;wure vuqjs[k gksus dh izkf;drk gSA
ADVPR - 26
Probability
PART - IV : COMPREHENSION
Hkkx - IV : vuqPNsn (COMPREHENSION)
Comprehension # 1
If sample space contains infinite number of points then with the help of geometry that is length, area, volume
many problems of probibility can be solved
For example : A point is selected randomely inside the circle then the probability that it is nearer to centre
then its circumeference
r 2
Favourable Area 1
Probability = = 42 =
Total Area r 4
vuqPNsn # 1
;fn izfrn'kZ lef"V esa fcUnqvksa dh la[;k vuUr gS rc T;kferh dh lgk;rk ls yEckbZ] {ks=kQy] vk;ru tSls iz'uksa dh
izkf;drk,a Kkr dh tk ldrh gS
mnkgj.k ds fy, : ,d fcUnq dks o`k ds vUnj ;kn`fPNd pquk tkrk gS rc blds ifjf/k dh rqyuk esa] dsUnz ls utnhd gksus
dh izkf;drk gS
r 2
1
izkf;drk = vuqd wy fLFkfr = 42 =
d qy {ks=kQ y r 4
1. A sphere is circumscribed over a cube. Find the probability that a point lies inside the sphere, lies outside the
cube.
,d ?ku ds ifjxr ,d xksyk cuk;k tkrk gSA rks xksys ds vUnj fLFkr ,d fcUnq ds ?ku ls ckgj fLFkr gksus dh izkf;drk
gS
2 1 1
(A*) 1 (B) 1 (C) 1 (D) None of these buesa ls dksb Z ugha
3 3 2 3
2. A parallelogram is inscribed inside a circle of radius 10 cm. One side of parallelogram being 12 cms.
Then the probability that a point inside the circle also lies inside the parallelogram.
,d 10 lseh f=kT;k ds o`k esa ,d lekUrj prqHkqZt cuk;k tkrk gS rFkk lekUrj prqHkqZt dh ,d Hkqtk 12 lseh gS rks
o`k ds vUnj fLFkr ,d fcUnq lekUrj prqHkqZt ds Hkh vUnj gksus dh izkf;drk gS
48 24 42 1
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
25 25 25 2
3. The sides of a rectangle are chosen at random, each less than 10 cm, all such lengths being equally
likely. The chance that the diagonal of the rectangle is less than 10 cm is
,d vk;r dh Hkqtk;sa ;kn`fPNd pquh tkrh gSaA izR;sd Hkqtk 10 lseh- ls de gS rFkk lHkh yEckbZ;k lelEHkkoh gSaA vk;r
ds fod.kZ dh yEckbZ 10 lseh ls de gksus dh izkf;drk gS &
(A) 1/10 (B) 1/20 (C*) /4 (D) /8
Comprehension : # 2
A JEE aspirant estimates that he will be successful with an 80 percent chance if he studies 10 hours per day,
with a 60 percent chance if he studies 7 hours per day and with a 40 percent chance if he studies 4 hours per
day. He further believes that he will study 10 hours, 7 hours and 4 hours per day with probabilities 0.1, 0.2
and 0.7 respectively.
ADVPR - 27
Probability
,d JEE es Hkkx ysus okyh vuqeku gS fd ;fn og izfrfnu 10 ?k.Vs i<rh gS rks mldh lQyrk dh 80%, ;fn og izfrfnu
7 ?k.Vs i<rh gS rks 60% rFkk ;fn og 4 ?k.Vs izfrfnu i<rh gS rks 40% gksxhA iqu% mls fo'okl gS fd izfrfnu 10 ?k.Vs]
7 ?k.Vs vkSj 4 ?k.Vs i<+us dh izkf;drk,a e'k% 0.1, 0.2 ,oa 0.7 gSA
4. The chance he will be successfull is

mlds lQy gksus dh izkf;drk gksxh :
(A) 0.28 (B) 0.38 (C*) 0.48 (D) 0.58
5. Given that he is successful the chance that he studied for 4 hours, is

fn;k gS fd og lQy gS rks mlds 4 ?k.Vs i<us dh izkf;drk gksxh :
6 7 8 9
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
12 12 12 12
6. Given that he does not achieve success, the chance that he studied for 4 hour, is
fn;k gS fd mls lQyrk ugh feyrh gS rks mlds 4 ?k.Vs i<us dh izkf;drk gksxh :
18 19 20 21
(A) (B) (C) (D*)
26 26 26 26
Comprehension : # 3_
A bag contain 6 Red and 4 White balls. 4 balls are drawn one by one without replacement and were found to
be atleast 2 white.
7. Then the probablity that next draw of a ball from this bag will give a white ball.
17 19 90 24
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
115 115 115 115
8. If the next draw of a ball from this bag will give a white ball then the probablity that the drawn of four balls
initially contain two white and two red balls.
8 15 13 13
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
17 17 17 34
vuqPNsn # 3_
,d FkSys esa 6 yky vksj 4 lQsn xsansa gSA 4 xsnksa dks ,d ,d djds fcuk foLFkkiu ds fudkyk tkrk gS rFkk muesa de ls de
2 lQsn xsan ik;h tkrh gSA
7. rks bl FkSys ls vxyh fudkyh xbZ xsan ds lQsn gksus dh izkf;drk gS

17 19 90 24
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
115 115 115 115
8. ;fn bl FkSys ls vxyh fudkyh xbZ xsan lQsn gksrh gS rc vkjEHk esa fudkyh xbZ pkj xsanksa esa ls nks lQsn vkSj nks yky xsnsa
fudkyus dh izkf;drk gS
8 15 13 13
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
17 17 17 34
Comprehension : # 4_
Eight digit number can be formed using all the digits 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,5.
9. A number is selected at random then the probability such that no two identical digits appear together
37 43 17 23
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
84 84 84 84
ADVPR - 28
Probability
10. A number is selected at random then the probability that it has exactly two pair of identical digits occuring
together
1 2 3 4
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
7 9 5 9
vuqPNsn # 4_
lHkh vadks 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,5 dh lgk;rk ls vkB vadks dh la[;k,a cuk;h tk ldrh gS

9. ,d la[;k dks ;kn`fPNd pquk tkrk gS rc dksbZ Hkh nks loZle vad lkFk lkFk ugha gks
37 43 17 23
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
84 84 84 84
10. ,d la[;k dks ;kn`fPNd pquk tkrk gS rc blds loZle vadksa ds Bhd nks ;qXe lkFk lkFk gksus dh izkf;drk gS
1 2 3 4
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
7 9 5 9
ADVPR - 29
Probability
PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
Hkkx - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE fiNys o"kksZ ds iz'u

* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
* fpfUgr iz'u ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi okys iz'u gS -
1. A six faced fair die is thrown until 1 comes, then the probability that 1 comes in even number of trials
is
N% Qydksa okys ,d fu"i{kikrh ikls dks rc rd Qsadk tkrk gS] tc rd dh 1 uk vk tk;s] rks 1 ds le la[;k ds ijh{k.kksa
esa vkus dh izkf;drk gS & [IIT-JEE 2005, Scr. (3, 1), 84]
5 5 6 1
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
11 6 11 6
2. A person goes to office either by car, scooter, bus or train, the probability of which being
1 3 2 1
, , and respectively. Probability that he reaches office late, if he takes car, scooter, bus or
7 7 7 7
2 1 4 1
train is , , and respectively. Given that he reached office in time, then what is the probability
9 9 9 9
that he travelled by a car. [IIT-JEE 2005, Main (2, 0), 60]
1 3 2 1
,d O;fDr nrj dkj] LdwVj] cl ;k jsyxkM+h ls tkrk gSa] ftudh izkf;drk, e'k% , , rFkk gSA ;fn
7 7 7 7
2 1 4 1
og nrj nsjh ls igqaprk gS rks e'k% dkj] LdwVj] cl ;k jsyxkMh ls tkus dh izkf;drk , , rFkk gSA fn;k
9 9 9 9
x;k gS fd og nrj le; ij igqaprk gSa rks dkj ls ;k=kk djus dh mldh izkf;drk Kkr dhft;sA
Ans. 1/7
Comprehension [IIT-JEE 2006, (5, 1), 184]

There are n urns numbered 1 to n. The ith urn contains i white and (n + 1 i) black balls. Let Ei denote the
event of selecting ith urn at random and let W denote the event that the ball drawn from the selected urn is
white.
vuqP Nsn
n ik=kksa ij 1 ls n rd la[;k, vaf dr gSA i osa ik=k esa i lQsn vkSj (n + 1 i) dkyh xsan gSaA ekukfd Ei ;kn`f PNd :i
ls i osa ik=k dks pquus dh ?kVuk dks iznf'kZr djrk gS vkSj pqus x;s ik=k esa ls lQsn xsan pquus dh ?kVuk dks W ls iznf'kZr
djrs gSA
3. If P(Ei) i for i = 1, 2, ......, n, then nlim

P(W) is
;fn i = 1, 2, ......, n ds fy, P(Ei) i gks] rks xlim

P(W) =
2 1 3 1
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 4 4
ADVPR - 30
Probability
4. If P(Ei) = c, a constant i, then P(En | W) is
;fn lHkh i ds fy, P(Ei) = c, ,d vpj gks] rks P(En | W) gS &
2 1 n 1
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
n 1 n 1 n 1 2
1
5. If n is even and P(Ei) = i and E denotes the event of choosing even numbered urn, then P(W | E) is
n
1
;fn n le gS vkSj P(Ei) = i vkSj E mu ik=kksa dks pquus dh ?kVuk dks iznf'kZr djrk gS ftu ij le la[;k vafdr
n
gS] rks P(W | E) gS &
1 n4 n2 n 1
(A) (B) (C*) (D)
2n 2(n 1) 2(n 1) 2n
6. One Indian and four American men and their wives are to be seated randomly around a circular table. Then
the conditional probability that the Indian man is seated adjacent to his wife given that each American man
is seated adjacent to his wife is [IIT-JEE 2007, Paper-1, (3, 1), 81]
,d Hkkjrh; vkSj pkj vesfjdh iq:"kksa rFkk mudh ifRu;ksa dks ,d xksyest ds pkjksa vksj ;kn`PN;k (randomly) cSBkuk gSA ;fn
;g fn;k gS fd izR;sd vesfjdh iq:"k viuh iRuh ds cxy esa fcBk;k x;k gS] rc Hkkjrh; iq:"k ds viuh iRuh ds cxy esa
fcBk;s tkus dh lgizfrcU/k izkf;drk (conditional probability), gS
1 1 2 1
(A) (B) (C*) (D)
2 3 5 5
7. Let H1, H2, ..... Hn be mutually exclusive and exhaustive events with P(Hi) > 0 i = 1, 2, ....., n. Let E be any
other event with 0 < P(E) < 1. [IIT-JEE 2007, Paper-1, (3, 1), 81]
STATEMENT-1 : P(Hi / E) > P (E / Hi) . P(Hi ) for i = 1, 2, ..., n.
because
n
STATEMENT-2 : P(H ) = 1.
i1
i
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D*) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
ekuk fd H1, H2, ......., Hn ijLij viothZ (mutually exclusive) ,oa fu''ks"kh% (exhaustive) ?kVuk;sa (events) gSa ftuds
fy, P(Hi) > 0, i = 1, 2, ......,n. ekuk fd E dksbZ vU; ?kVuk gS ftlds fy, 0 < P(E) < 1A
dFku 1 : P(Hi | E) > P(E | Hi) . P(Hi) i = 1, 2, ....., nA
D;ks af d
n
dFku 2 : P(H ) 1
i
i 1
(A) dFku-1 lR; gS] dFku-2 lR; gS( dFku-2, dFku-1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSaA
(B) dFku-1 lR; gS] dFku-2 lR; gS( dFku-2, dFku-1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k ugha gSaA
(C) dFku-1 lR; gS] dFku-2 vlR; gSA
(D) dFku-1 vlR; gS] dFku-2 lR; gSA
8. Let Ec denote the complement of an event E. Let E, F, G be pairwise independent events with P(G) > 0 and
P(E F G) = 0. Then P (Ec Fc |G) equals
ekuk fd Ec ,d ?kVuk E ds iwjd dks n'kkZrk gSA ekuk fd E, F, G ;qxer% LorU=k (pairwise independent) ,slh ?kVuk;sa
gSa ftuds fy, P(G) > 0 vkSj P(E F G) = 0 gSA rc P (Ec Fc |G) dk eku gS
[IIT-JEE 2007, Paper-2, (3, 1), 81]
(A) P(Ec) + P(Fc) (B) P(Ec) P(Fc) (C*) P(Ec) P(F) (D) P(E) P(Fc)
ADVPR - 31
Probability
9. Consider the system of equations [IIT-JEE 2008, Paper-1, (3, 1), 81]
ax + by = 0 ; cx + dy = 0, where a, b, c, d {0, 1}
3
STATEMENT-1 : The probability that the system of equations has a unique solution is .
8
and
STATEMENT-2 : The probability that the system of equations has a solution is 1.
(A) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True ; STATEMENT-2 is a correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B*) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is True ; STATEMENT-2 is NOT a correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is True, STATEMENT-2 is False
(D) STATEMENT-1 is False, STATEMENT-2 is True
fuEu lehdj.k fudk; yhft,
ax + by = 0 ; cx + dy = 0, tgk a, b, c, d {0, 1}
3
dFku-1 : lehdj.k fudk; ds vf}rh; gy gksus dh izkf;drk gSA
8
vkSj
dFku-2 : lehdj.k fudk; dk gy gksus dh izkf;drk 1 gSA
(A) dFku-1 lR; gS] dFku-2 lR; gS; dFku-2, dFku-1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSA
(B) dFku-1 lR; gS] dFku-2 lR; gS; dFku-2, dFku-1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k ughas gSA
(C) dFku-1 lR; gS] dFku-2 vlR; gSA
(D) dFku-1 vlR; gS] dFku-2 lR; gSA
10. An experiment has 10 equally likely outcomes. Let A and B be non-empty events of the experiment. If A
consists of 4 outcomes, the number of outcomes that B must have so that A and B are independent, is
(A) 2, 4 or 8 (B) 3, 6 or 9 (C) 4 or 8 (D*) 5 or 10
,d iz;ksx ds 10 leizkf;d (equally likely) ifj.kke gSaA ekuk A o B bl iz;ksx dh nks vfjDr (non-empty) ?kVuk;sa gSaA
;fn A esa 4 ifj.kke gSa] rks A o B ds Lora=k (independent) gksus ds fy;s B ds ifj.kkeksa dh la[;k gS
(A) 2, 4 vFkok 8 (B) 3, 6 vFkok 9 (C) 4 vFkok 8 (D) 5 vFkok 10
[IIT-JEE 2008, Paper-2, (3, 1), 81]
Comprehension
A fair die is tossed repeatedly until a six is obtained. Let X denote the number of tosses required.
,d fu"i{k iklk (fair die) ckjEckj rc rd mNkkyk tkrk gS tc rd fd N% u izkIr gks tk;A eku yhft, fd X vko';d
mNkyksa dh la[;k n'kkZrk gSA
11. The probability that X = 3 equals [IIT-JEE 2009, Paper-1, (4, 1), 80]
X = 3 gksus dh izkf;drk gS&
25 25 5 125
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
216 36 36 216
12. The probability that X 3 equals [IIT-JEE 2009, Paper-1, (4, 1), 80]
X 3 gksus dh izkf;drk gS&
125 25 5 25
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
216 36 36 216
ADVPR - 32
Probability
13. The conditional probability that X 6 given X > 3 equals [IIT-JEE 2009, Paper-1, (4, 1), 80]
X > 3 fn;k gksus ij X 6 gksus dh izfrcfU/kr izkf;drk gS&
125 25 5 25
(A) (B) (C) (D*)
216 216 36 36
14. Let be a complex cube root of unity with 1. A fair die is thrown three times. If r1, r2 and r3 are the numbers
obtained on the die, then the probability that r1 r2 r3 = 0 is [IIT-JEE 2010, Paper-1, (3, 1), 84]
ekuk fd bdkbZ dk ,d lfEeJ ?kuewy gSa] tgk 1A ,d fu"i{k iklk rhu ckj mNkyk tkrk gSA ;fn r1, r2 ,oa r3 ]
ikls ds mNkys tkus ij izkIr vad n'kkZrs gSa rks r1 r2 r3 = 0 gksus dh izkf;drk fuEu gS&
1 1 2 1
(A) (B) (C*) (D)
18 9 9 36
4 1
15. A signal which can be green or red with probability and respectively, is received by station A and then
5 5
3
transmitted to station B. The probability of each station receiving the signal correctly is . If the signal
4
received at station B is green, then the probability that the original signal was green is
[IIT-JEE 2010, Paper-2, (5, 2), 79]
4 1
,d flXuy] ftlds gjk vFkok yky gksus dh izkf;drk, e'k% rFkk gSa] LVs'ku A }kjk izkIr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk LVs'ku
5 5
3
B dks ikjxr (transmit) fd;k tkrk gSA izR;sd LVs'ku }kjk flXuy dks lgh :i ls izkIr djus dh izkf;drk gSA ;fn
4
LVs'ku B }kjk gjk flXuy izkIr fd;k tkrk gS] rks flXuy ds ewy :i ls gjk gksus dh izkf;drk fuEu gS
3 6 20 9
(A) (B) (C*) (D)
5 7 23 20
Comprehension
Let U1 and U2 be two urns such that U1 contains 3 white and 2 red balls, and U2 contains only 1 white ball.
A fair coin is tossed. If head appears then 1 ball is drawn at random from U1 and put into U2. However, if tail
appears then 2 balls are drawn at random from U1 and put into U2. Now 1 ball is drawn at random from U2.
eku yhft, U1 vkSj U2 nks dy'k gSA dy'k U1 esa 3 'osr ,oa 2 yky xsans gS vkSj U2 esa dsoy 1 'osr xsan gSA ,d fu"i{k
flDds dks mNkyus ij ;fn 'kh"kZ fn[kykbZ nsrk gS rks dy'k U1 ls ,d xsan ;n`PN;k fudkyh tkrh gS vkSj dy'k U2 esa j[k
nh tkrh gS] ;fn iqPN fn[kkykbZ nsrk gS rks U1 esa ls ;kn`PN;k 2 xsans fudkyh tkrh gS vkSj U2 esa j[k nh tkrh gSA vc] 1
xsan ;kn`PN;k U2 ls fudkyh tkrh gSA [IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-1, (3, 1), 80]
[Probability]
16. The probability of the drawn ball from U2 being white is
dy'k U2 esa ls fudkyh xbZ xsan 'osr gksus dh izkf;drk (probability) gS
13 23 19 11
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
30 30 30 30
17. Given that the drawn ball from U2 is white, the probability that head appeared on the coin is
;fn U2 ls fudkyh xbZ xsan 'osr gS rks flDds ij 'khZ"kZ vkus dh izkf;drk fuEu gS&
17 11 15 12
(A) (B) (C) (D*)
23 23 23 23
ADVPR - 33
Probability
11
18.* Let E and F be two independent events. The probability that exactly one of them occurs is and the
25
2
probability of none of them occurring is . If P(T) denotes the probability of occurrence of the event T, then
25
[IIT-JEE 2011, Paper-2, (4, 0), 80]
11
eku yhft, E rFkk F nks Lora=k ?kVuk;sa gSA muesa ls dsoy ,d ds ?kfVr gksus dh izkf;drk vkSj muesa ls fdlh ds Hkh
25
2
u ?kVus dh izkf;drk gSA ;fn ?kVuk T ds ?kfVr gksus dh izkf;drk P(T) gS] rc
25
4 3 1 2
(A*) P(E) = , P(F) = (B) P(E) = , P(F) =
5 5 5 5
2 1 3 4
(C) P(E) = , P(F) = (D*) P(E) = , P(F) =
5 5 5 5
19.* A ship is fitted with three engines E1, E2 and E3. The engines function independently of each other with
1 1 1
respective probabilities , and . For the ship to be operational at least two of its engines must
2 4 4
function. Let X denote the event that the ship is operational and let X1, X2 and X3 denotes respectively the
events that the engines E1 E2 and E3 are functioning. Which of the following is (are) true ? [Probability]
c 3 7

(A) P X1 | x 16
(B*) P[ Exactly two engines of the ship are functioning | X] =
8
5 7
(C) P[X | X2] = (D*) P[X | X1] = [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-1, (4, 0), 70]
16 16
,d tgkt esa rhu batu E1, E2, vkSj E3 yxs gSa tks ,d nwljs ls LoraU=k :i ls dk;Z djrs gS vkSj ftuds dk;Z djus dh
1 1 1
izkf;drk e'k% , vkSj gSA tgkt dks pyus ds fy;s de ls de nks batuksa dk dk;Z djuk vko';d gSA ekuk fd
2 4 4
tgkt pyus dh ?kVuk X gS vkSj E1 , E2 vkSj E3 ds dk;Z djus dh ?kVuk;sa e'k% X1, X2, vkSj X3 gSA rks fuEu esa ls dkSu
lgh gS@gSa ?
c 3 7

(A) P X1 | x 16
(B*) P[ nks vkSj dsoy nks (exactly two) batu dk;Z dj jgs gSaA X] =
8
5 7
(C) P[X | X2] = (D*) P[X | X1] =
16 16
20. Four fair dice D1, D2, D3 and D4 each having six faces numbered 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 are rolled simultaneously.
The probability that D4 shows a number appearing on one of D1, D2 and D3 is (Probability)
pkj fu"i{k iklksa (fair dice) D1, D2, D3 vkSj D4 dks] ftlesa izR;sd ds Ng Qydksa (faces) ij la[;k, 1,2,3,4,5 ,oa 6 vafdr
gSa] ,d lkFk Qsadk tkrk gSA ikls D4 ij nf'kZr la[;k ds D1, D2 vkSj D3 ij nf'kZr la[;kvksa esa ls dksbZ ,d gksus dh izkf;drk
(probability) fuEu gS& [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-2, (3, 1), 66]
91 108 125 127
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
216 216 216 216
1 1 1
21.* Let X and Y be two events such that P(X | Y) = , P(Y | X) = and P(X Y) = . Which of the following
2 3 6
is (are) correct ? (Probability) [IIT-JEE 2012, Paper-2, (4, 0), 66]
2
(A*) P(X Y) = (B*) X and Y are independent
3
1
(C) X and Y are not independent (D) P(XC Y) =
3
ADVPR - 34
Probability
1 1 1
nks ?kVuk;sa X vkSj Y bl izdkj dh gSa fd P(X | Y) = , P(Y | X) = vkSj P(X Y) = A rc fuEu esa ls dkSu dFku
2 3 6
lgh gS@gSa \
2 1
(A*) P(X Y) = (B*) X vkSj Y Lora=k gSa (C) X vkSj Y Lora=k ugha gSa (D) P(XC Y) =
3 3
1 3 1 1
22. Four persons independently solve a certain problem correctly with probabilities , , , . Then the
2 4 4 8
probability that the problem is solved correctly by at least one of them is
[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (2, 0)/60]
1 3 1 1
pkj O;fDr Lora=kr;k fdlh ,d leL;k dks izkf;drkvksa , , , ds lkFk Bhd gy djrs gS] rc leL;k ds muesa
2 4 4 8
ls de ls de ,d O;fDr }kjk Bhd gy fd;s tkus dh izkf;drk gS&

235 21 3 253
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
256 256 256 256
23. Of the three independent events E1, E2 and E3, the probability that only E1 occurs is ,only E2 occurs is and
only E3 occurs is . Let the probability p that none of events E1, E2 or E3 occurs satisfy the equations ( 2)
p = and ( 3) p = 2. All the given probabilities are assumed to lie in the interval (0, 1).
Pr obability of occurrence of E1
Then Pr obability of occurrence of E = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (4, 1)/60] (Probability) XII
3
rhu Lora=k ?kVukvksa E1, E2 rFkk E3 esa ls dsoy E1 ds ?kVus dh kf;drk gS] dsoy E2 ds ?kVus dh kf;drk gS rFkk dsoy
E3 ds ?kVus dh kf;drk gSA ekuk fd ?kVukvksa E1, E2 ;k E3 esa ls fdlh ds Hkh u ?kVus dh kf;drk p, lehdj.kksa (
2) p = rFkk ( 3) p = 2dks lUrq"V djrh gSA lHkh kf;drk, vUrjky (0, 1) esa fLFkr ekuk tkrh gSA] rc
E1 d s?kVusd h kf;d rk
E3 d s?kVusd h kf;d rk = [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (4, 1)/60]
Ans. 6
Paragraph for Question Nos. 24 to 25

iz'u 24 ls 25 ds fy, vuqPNsn
A box B1 contains 1 white ball, 3 red balls and 2 black balls. Another box B2 contains 2 white balls,
3 red balls and 4 black balls. A third box B3 contains 3 white balls, 4 red balls and 5 black balls.
,d isVh B1 esa 1 lQsn xasn] 3 yky xsans rFkk 2 dkyh xasnsa gSaA ,d nwljh isVh B2 esa 2 lQsn xsansa] 3 yky xsansa rFkk 4 dkyh
xsansa gSaA ,d rhljh isVh B3 esa 3 lQsn xsansa] 4 yky xsansa rFkk 5 dkyh xsansa gSA
24. If 1 ball is drawn from each of the boxes B1, B2 and B3, the probability that all 3 drawn balls are of the
same colour is
;fn isfV;ksa B1, B2 rFkk B3, esa R;sd ls 1 xaasn fudkyh tkrh gS] rc fudkyh xbZ lHkh 3 xsanksa ds ,d gh jax ds gksus dh kf;drk
gS % [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, 1)/60] (Probability)
82 90 558 566
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
648 648 648 648
ADVPR - 35
Probability
25. If 2 balls are drawn (without replacement) from a randomly selected box and one of the balls is white
and the other ball is red, the probability that these 2 balls are drawn from box B2 is
;fn 2 xsanas ,d ;kn`fPNsd p;fur isVh ls (fcuk frLFkkiu ds) fudkyh tkrh gSa rFkk ,d xsna lQsn o nwljh xsan yky fudyrh
gS] rc bu 2 xsanksa dh isVh B2 ls fudyus dh kf;drk gS% [JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-2, (3, 1)/60]
116 126 65 55
(A) (B) (C) (D*)
181 181 181 181
26. Three boys and two girls stand in a queue. The probability, that the number of boys
ahead of every girl is at least one more than the number of girls ahead of her, is
1 1 2 3
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 3 4
rhu yM+ds vkSj nks yM+fd;ka ,d ifaDr esa [kM+s gSaA og izkf;drk (probability), tc gj yM+dh ds vkxs [kM+s gksus okys
yM+dksa dh la[;k mlds vkxs [kM+h gksus okyh yM+fd;ksa dh la[;k ls de ls de ,d vf/kd gks] fuEu gS&
1 1 2 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 3 4
Paragraph For Questions 27 and 28 (iz' u la[ ;k 27 vkSj 28 ds fy, vuqP Nsn )
Box 1 contains three cards bearing numbers 1, 2, 3; box 2 contains five cards bearing numbers 1, 2, 3,
4, 5; and box 3 contains seven cards bearing numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. A card is drawn from each of
the boxes. Let x i be the number on the card drawn from the ith box, i = 1, 2, 3.
[Probability] [JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, 1)/60]
isVh 1 esa rhu dkMZ gS tks 1, 2, 3 vadksa ls lwphc) gS] isVh 2 esa ikWp dkMZ gS tks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 vadks ls lwphc) gS
rFkk isVh 3 esa lkr dkMZ gS tks 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 vadks ls lwphc) gSA gj isVh ls ,d dkMZ fudkyk tkrk gSA ekuk
fd ioh isVh (ith box) ls fudkys x;s dkMZ ij vad xi (i = 1, 2, 3) gSA
[Probability] [JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, 1)/60]
27. The probability that x 1 + x 2 + x 3 is odd, is
x 1 + x 2 + x 3 ds fo"ke gksus dh izk f;drk gS& [XI]
29 53 57 1
(A) (B*) (C) (D)
105 105 105 2
28. The probability that x 1, x 2, x 3 are in an arithmetic progression, is [XI]
x 1, x 2, x 3 ds lekUrj Js.kh (arithmetic progression) esa gksus dh izk f;drk gS&
9 10 11 7
(A) (B) (C*) (D)
105 105 105 105
29. The minimum number of times a fair coin needs to be tossed, so that the probability of getting at least
two heads is at least 0.96, is
,d U;k; flDds (fair coin) dks U;wure fdruh ckj mNkyuk iM+sxk] ftlls fd de ls de nks fpr (head) dV gksus
dh kf;drk de ls de 0.96 gks\ [Probability] [JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-1 (4, 0) /88]
Ans. 8
PARAGRAPH 1
vuqPNsn 1
Let n1 and n2 be the number of red and black balls, respectively, in box I. Let n3 and n4 be the number
of red and black balls, respectively, in box II.
ekuk fd ckWDl I esa n1 yky xsan vkSj n2 dkyh xsan gSA ekuk fd ckWDl II esa n3 yky xsan vkSj n4 dkyh xsan gSA
[JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-2 (4, 2)/ 80]
30. One of the two boxes, box I and box II, was selected at random and a ball was drawn randomly out of
1
this box. The ball was found to be red. If the probability that this red ball was drawn from box II is ,
3
then the correct option(s) with the possible values of n1, n2, n3 and n4 is(are) (Moderate)
(A*) n1 = 3, n2 = 3, n3 = 5, n4 = 15 (B*) n1 = 3, n2 = 6, n3 = 10, n4 = 50
(C) n1 = 8, n2 = 6, n3 = 5, n4 = 20 (D) n1 = 6, n2 = 12, n3 = 5, n4 = 20
ADVPR - 36
Probability
ckWDl I vkSj ckWDl II esa ls] ;n`Pp;k (at random) ,d ckWDl dks pquk x;k vkSj bl pqus gq, ckWDl ls] ;kn`Pp;k ,d xsan
1
fudkyh x;hA ;g xsna yky jax dh ikbZ x;hA ;fn bl yky xsna ds ckWDl II ls fudkys tkus dh izkf;drk gS] rc fuEufyf[kr
3
esa ls n1, n2, n3 vkSj n4 ds lgh laHko eku gS gSa [Probability]
(A*) n1 = 3, n2 = 3, n3 = 5, n4 = 15 (B*) n1 = 3, n2 = 6, n3 = 10, n4 = 50
(C) n1 = 8, n2 = 6, n3 = 5, n4 = 20 (D) n1 = 6, n2 = 12, n3 = 5, n4 = 20
31. A ball is drawn at random from box I and transferred to box II. If the probability of drawing a red ball from
1
box I, after this transfer, is , then the correct option(s) with the possible values of n1 and n2 is(are)
3
(A) n1 = 4 and n2 = 6 (B) n1 = 2 and n2 = 3 (Moderate)
(C*) n1 = 10 and n2 = 20 (D*) n1 = 3 and n2 = 6
ckWDl I esa ls ;kn`Pp;k (at random) ,d xsan fudkyh tkrh gS vkSj mls ckWDl II esa izfrLFkkfir (transfer) dh tkrh gSA
1
;fn bl izfrLFkkiuk ds ckn] ckWDl I esa ls ,d yky xsan fudkyus dh izkf;drk gS] rc fuEufyf[kr esa ls n1 vkSj n2 ds
3
lgh laHko eku gS gSa [Probability]
(A) n1 = 4 vkSj n2 = 6 (B) n1 = 2 vkSj n2 = 3
(C*) n1 = 10 vkSj n2 = 20 (D*) n1 = 3 vkSj n2 = 6
PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)
Hkkx - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE fiNys o"kksZ ds iz'u
1 1
1. Let A and B be two events such that P( A B) , P(A B) = and P( A ) , where A stands for
6 4 4
complement of event A. Then events A and B are : [AIEEE 2005 (3, 0), 225]
(1) mutually exclusive and independent (2*) independent but not equally likely
(3) equally likely but not independent (4) equally likely and mutually exclusive
1 1
ekuk fd A rFkk B nks ?kVuk;sa bl izdkj gS fd P( A B) , P(AB) = rFkk P( A ) , tgka A ] ?kVuk A
6 4 4
dh iwjd ?kVuk dks iznf'kZr djrk gS] rc ?kVuk;sa A rFkk B gS
(1) ijLij viothZ rFkk Lora=k (2*) Lora=k ysf du lelEHkkoh ugha
(3) lelEHkkoh ysf du Lora=k ugha (4) lelEHkkoh vkSj ijLij viothZ
2. Three houses are available in a locality. Three persons apply for the houses. Each applies for one house
without consulting others, The probability that all the three apply for the same house, is :
[AIEEE 2005 (3, 0), 225]
(1) 7/9 (2) 8/9 (3*) 1/9 (4) 2/9
,d dkWyksuh esa rhu ?kj gSA rhu O;fDr buds fy;s vkosnu djrs gSA izR;sd O;fDr nwljs dks fcuk crk;sa vkosnu djrs
gSA rhuksa O;fDr;ksa }kjk ,d gh ?kj ds fy;s vkosnu djus dh izkf;drk gS&
(1) 7/9 (2) 8/9 (3*) 1/9 (4) 2/9
3. A pair of fair dice is thrown independently three times. The probability of getting a score of exactly 9 twice
is [AIEEE 2007 (3, 1), 120]
(1) 1/729 (2) 8/9 (3) 8/729 (4*) 8/243
fUk"i{kikrh ikalksa dk ,d ;qXe Lora=k :i ls rhu ckj mNkyk tkrk gS rks vadksa dk ;ksx 9 nks ckj vkus dh izkf;drk
gS& [AIEEE 2007 (3, 1), 120]
(1) 1/729 (2) 8/9 (3) 8/729 (4*) 8/243
ADVPR - 37
Probability
1 A 1 B 2
4. It is given that the events A and B are such that P(A) = , P = and P = . Then, P(B) is
4 B 2 A 3
[AIEEE 2008 (3, 1), 105]
1 A 1 B 2
?kVuk, A rFkk B bl izdkj gS fd P(A) = , P = rFkk P A = rc P(B) dk eku gksxk
4 B 2 3
[AIEEE 2008 (3, 1), 105]
1 1 2 1
(1) (2*) (3) (4)
6 3 3 2
5. A die is thrown. Let A be the event that the number obtained is greater than 3. Let B be the event that the
number obtained is less than 5. Then P(A B) is [AIEEE 2008 (3, 1), 105]
,d iklk mNkyk x;kA ;fn bl ij 3 ls vf/kd vkuk ?kVuk A gS rFkk 5 ls de vkuk ?kVuk B gS rc P(A B) gksxk
[AIEEE 2008 (3, 1), 105]
3 2
(1) (2) 0 (3*) 1 (4)
5 5
1
6. In a binomial distribution B n, p , if the probability of at least one success is greater than or equal to
4
9
, then n is greater than : [AIEEE 2009 (4, 1), 144]
10
1 9
,d f}in&caVu B n, p , esa ;fn de ls de ,d lQyrk izkIr djus dh izkf;drk ;k blls vf/kd gS rc n
4 10
fuEufyf[kr ls vf/kd gS& [AIEEE 2009 (4, 1), 144]
1 9 4 1
(1) log 4 log 3 (2) log 4 log 3 (3) log 4 log 3 (4*) log 4 log 3
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
7. One ticket is selected at random from 50 tickets numbered 00, 01, 02, ....., 49. Then the probability that the
sum of the digits on the selected ticket is 8, given that the product of these digits is zero, equal :
[AIEEE 2009 (4, 1), 144]
la[;kvksa 00, 01, 02, ....., 49 ls vafdr 50 fVdVksa es ls ,d fVdV ;kn`fPNd :i ls pquk tkrk gSA rc pqus x, fVdV
dh la[;k ds vadksa (digits) dk ;ksxQy 8 gksus dh izkf;drk tcfd fn;k x;k gS fd bu vadksa dk xq.kuQy 'kwU; gks] cjkcj
gS & [AIEEE 2009 (4, 1), 144]
1 5 1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4*)
7 14 50 14
8. Four numbers are chosen at random (without replacement) from the set {1,2,3,.....,20}.
Statement -1 : The probability that the chosen numbers when arranged in some order will form an AP is
1
. [AIEEE 2010 (8, 2), 144]
85
Statement -2 : If the four chosen numbers form an AP, then the set of all possible values of common
difference is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
(1) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true ; Statement -2 is not a correct explanation for Statement -1.
(2*) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(3) Statement -1 is false, Statement -2 is true.
(4) Statement -1 is true, Statement -2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
ADVPR - 38
Probability
leqPp; {1, 2, 3,....., 20} esa ls pkj la[;k, ;kn`PN;k fcuk izfrLFkkiuk ds pquh tkrh gSA
1
izdFku -1 : fdlh fo'ks"k e esa j[ks tkus ij bu pquh xbZ la[;kvksa ds lekUrj Js<+h esa gksus dh izkf;drk gSA
85
izdFku-2 : ;fn pquh gqbZ pkjksa la[;k, lekUrj Js<+h esa gS] rks mlds lkoZvUrj ds lHkh laHkkfor ekuksa dk leqPp;
{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} [AIEEE 2010 (8, 2), 144]
(1) izzdFku-1 lR; gS] izdFku-2 lR; gS ; izdFku-2, izdFku-1 dh lgh O;k[;k ugha gSA
(2*) izdFku-1 lR; gS] izdFku-2 feF;k gSA
(3) izdFku-1 feF;k gS] izdFku-2 lR; gSA
(4) izdFku-1 lR; gS] izdFku-2 lR; gS ; izdFku-2, izdFku-1 dh lgh O;k[;k gSA
9. An urn contains nine balls of which three are red, four are blue and two are green. Three balls are drawn at
random without replacement from the urn. The probability that the three balls have different colours is
[AIEEE 2010 (4, 1), 144]
,d dy'k esa ukS xsansa gS ftuesa rhu xsansa yky gS] pkj xsansa uhyh gS rFkk nks xsansa gjh gSA dy'k ls rhu xsansa ;kn`PN;k fcuk
izfrLFkkiu ds fudkyh tkrh gSA rhuksa xsanksa ds fofHkUu jaxksa ds gksus dh izkf;drk gS& [AIEEE 2010 (4, 1), 144]
2 1 2 1
(1*) (2) (3) (4)
7 21 23 3
10. Consider 5 independent Bernoullis trials each with probability of success p. If the probability of at least
31
one failure is greater than or equal to , then p lies in the interval : [AIEEE 2011, I, (4, 1), 120]
32
cjukSyh ijh{k.k ds vUrxZr 5 Lora=k ijh{k.k] ftuesa ls izR;sd ds lQy gksus dh izkf;drk p gS] ij fopkj dhft,A ;fn
31
de ls de ,d ds vlQy gksus dh izkf;drk ds cjkcj ;k vf/kd gS] rks p ftl vUrjky esa gS] og gS&
32
[AIEEE 2011, I, (4, 1), 120]
1 3 3 11 1 11
(1) , (2) , (3*) 0, (4) , 1
2 4 4 12 2 12
11. If C and D are two events such that C D and P(D) 0, then the correct statement among the
following is : [AIEEE 2011, I, (4, 1), 120]
;fn C rFkk D nks ,slh ?kVuk, gSa ftlesa C D rFkk P(D) 0, rks fuEu esa ls lR; dFku gS:
[AIEEE 2011, I, (4, 1), 120]
(1) P(C|D) = P(C) (2*) P(C|D) P(C)
P(D)
(3) P(C|D) < P(C) (4) P(C|D) =
P(C)
12. Let A, B, C be pariwise independent events with P(C) > 0 and P( A B C) 0. [AIEEE 2011, II, (4, 1),
120]
Then P( A c B c / C ) .
ekuk A, B, C ;qXer% Lora=k ?kVuk, gSa tgk P(C) > 0 gS rFkk P( A B C) 0. rks P( A c B c / C ) cjkcj gS%
[AIEEE 2011, II, (4, 1), 120]
(1) P(1) P(Bc) (2) P(Ac) + P(Bc) (3) P(Ac) P(Bc) (4*) P(Ac) P(B)
ADVPR - 39
Probability
13. Three numbers are chosen at random without replacement from {1, 2, 3, ..., 8}. The probability that their
minimum is 3, given that their maximum is 6, is : [AIEEE-2012, (4, 1)/120]
{1, 2, 3, ..., 8} esa ls ;kn`PN;k izfrLFkkiu fcuk] rhu la[;k, pquh xbZA ;g fn;k gS fd muesa ls vf/kdre la[;k 6 gS] rks
U;wure la[;k 3 ds gksus dh izkf;drk gS : [AIEEE-2012, (4, 1)/120]
3 1 1 2
(1) (2*) (3) (4)
8 5 4 5
14. A multiple choice examination has 5 questions. Each question has three alternative answers of which ex-
actly one is correct. The probability that a student will get 4 or more correct answers just by guessing is :
[AIEEE - 2013, (4, ) 120]
,d cgqfodYih ijh{kk esa 5 iz'u gSA izR;sd iz'u ds 3 oSdfYid mkj gSa] ftuesa ls dsoy ,d lgh gSA ,d fo|kFkhZ }kjk dsoy
vuqeku ls 4 ;k mlls vf/kd iz'uksa ds lgh mkj nsus dh izkf;drk gS : [AIEEE - 2013, (4, ),360]
17 13 11 10
(1) 5 (2) 5 (3*) 5 (4)
3 3 3 35
1 1 1
15. Let A and B be two event such that P A B
, P(A B) =
4 4

and P A , where A stands for the
6
complement of the event A. Then the events A and B are : [Probability] [JEE(Main) 2014, (4, ), 120]
(1) independent but not equally likely
(2) independent and equally likely
(3) mutually exclusive and independent
(4) equally likely but not independent
1 1
ekuk A rFkk B nks ,slh ?kVuk,sa gS fd PA B 1 , P(A B) = rFkk PA gS tcfd A ?kVuk A ds iwjd dks
6 4 4
n'kkZrk gSA rks ?kVuk,sa A rFkk B : [Probability] [JEE(Main) 2014, (4, ), 120]
(1) Lora=k gS ijUrq lelEHkkoh ugh gS
(2) Lora=k gS rFkk lelEHkkoh gS
(3) ijLij viothZ rFkk Lora=k gS
(4) lelEHkkoh gS ijUrq Lora=k ugh gS
16. If 12 identical balls are to be placed in 3 identical boxes, then the probability that one of the boxes contains
exactly 3 balls is [Probability] [JEE(Main) 2015, (4, ), 120]
11 10 12 11
55 2 2 1 1
(1) (2) 55 (3) 220 (4) 22
3 3 3 3 3
;fn 12 ,d tSlh xasnsa] 3 ,d tSls cDlksa esa j[kh tkrh gS] rks buesa ls ,d cDls esa Bhd 3 xasnsa gksus dh izkf;drk gS&
[JEE(Main) 2015, (4, ), 120]
11 10 12 11
55 2 2 1 1
(1) (2) 55 (3) 220 (4) 22
3 3 3 3 3
ADVPR - 40
Probability
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
fo"k;kRed iz'u SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. There are two urns. There are m white & n black balls in the first urn and p white & q black balls in the
second urn. One ball is taken from the first urn & placed into the second. Find the probability of drawing
a white ball from the second urn.
nks ik=k] ftlesa izFke esa m lQsn vkSj n dkyh rFkk f}rh; esa p lQsn rFkk q dkyh xsans gSA izFke ik=k ls ,d xsan
fudkydj f}rh; ik=k esa j[kh tkrh gS rks f}rh; ik=k esa ls ,d lQsn xsan fudkyus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
(p 1)m pn
Ans. (m n)(p q 1)
2. Urn A contains 6 red & 4 black balls and urn B contains 4 red & 6 black balls. One ball is drawn at
random from urn A & placed in urn B. Then one ball is drawn at random from urn B & placed in urn A. If
one ball is now drawn at random from urn A, then find the probability that it is red.
ik=k A esa 6 yky vkSj 4 dkyh xsans gSa vkSj ik=k B esa 4 yky o 6 dkyh xsans gSA ik=k A esa ls ;kn`fPNd :i ls ,d xsan
fudkydj ik=k B esa j[krs gS vc ik=k B ls ,d xsan ;kn`PN;k fudkydj ik=k A esa j[krs gSA vc ik=k A esa ls ,d xsan
;kn`PN;k fudkyh tkrh gS rks blds yky gksus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
32
Ans.
55
3. Let p be the probability that a man aged x years will die in a year time. Then find the probability that out
of 'n' men A1, A2, A3,......, An each aged 'x' years. A1 will die & will be the first to die.
ekuk fd ,d O;fDr ftldh vk;q x gSa ds ,d o"kZ esa ejus dh izkf;drk p gSA n O;fDr;ksa A1, A2, A3,......, An ftuesa
izR;sd dh vk;q x o"kZ gS esa ls A1 ds ejus rFkk lcls igys ejus dh izkf;drk gS &
1 (1 p)n
Ans.
n
4. A mapping is selected at random from all the mappings defined on the set A consisting of three
distinct elements. Then find the probability that the mapping selected is one to one.
,d leqPp; A ftlesa rhu fHkUu&fHkUu vo;o gS] ds lHkh izfrfp=k.kksa esa ls ,d izfrfp=k.k ;kn`fPNd pquk tkrk gS rks
bl izfrfp=k.k ds ,dSdh gksus dh izkf;drk gS &
Ans. 2/9
5. There is a three volume dictionary among 40 books arranged on a shelf in random order. Then find the
probability of these volumes standing in increasing order from left to right (the volumes are not necessarily
kept side by side).
,d 'kCndks'k ftlds rhu Hkkx gS] 40 iqLrdksa ds lkFk ,d njkt esa ;kn`fPNd :i ls O;ofLFkr gSA rks bu Hkkxksa ds
o`f)eku e esa ck;sa ls nk;sa O;ofLFkr gksus dh izkf;drk gS tcfd Hkkxksa dk ,d ds ckn ,d gksuk vko';d ugha gSaA&
Ans. 1/6
6. 5 girls and 10 boys sit at random in a row having 15 chairs numbered as 1 to 15, then find the probability
that end seats are occupied by the girls and between any two girls an odd number of boys sit
5 yM+f d;k rFkk 10 yM+ds ,d iaf Dr esa ;kn`fPNd :i ls 1 ls 15 rd ukekafdr dqf lZ;ksa ij cSBrs gSa] rc vaf re dqlhZ;ksa
ij yM+fd;k cSBus rFkk nks yM+fd;ksa ds chp esa fo"ke la[;k esa yM+dksa ds cSBus dh izkf;drk gS &
20 10! 5!
Ans. 15 !
ADVPR - 41
Probability
7. Team A plays with 5 other teams exactly once. Assuming that for each match the probabilities of a win, draw
and loss are equal then find the probability that A wins and losses equal no. of matches.
Vhe A, 5 vU; Vheksa ds lkFk dsoy ,d-,d ckj [ksyrh gSA ;fn gj Vhe ds fy, thrus gkjus vkSj cjkcjh dh izkf;drk leku
gS rks :
17
Ans.
81
8. Suppose that S be the set of all the ordered 4-tuples (x, y, z, w) of the +ve integers, which are the solutions
of x + y + z + w = 21. One such ordered tuple of solution is selected at random from S. Then find the
probability that x > y.
ekuk fd S ,d lHkh 4 ekxr /kukRed iw.kkdksa (x, y, z, w) dk leqPp; gS tks fd x + y + z + w = 21 ds gy gS S es
ls ,d ;qXe dk ;kn`fPNd p;u fd;k tkrk gS izkf;drk ;fn x > y :
35
Ans.
76
9. In a betting game in an exhibition two dice P and Q are being used. Dice P has four red faces and two white
faces where as dice Q has two red and four white faces. A fair coin is tossed once. If it shows head the game
continues by throwing dice P. If it falls tail dice Q is thrown. If first n throws of the die all turns up red then find
the probability that P is being used.
,d izn'kZuh ds cYysckth [ksy esa nks ikals P o Q mi;ksx fd, tkrs gSA ikals P ds 4 yky Qyd o 2 lQsn Qyd gS rFkk
ikals Q ds 2 yky o 4 lQsn Qyd gSA ,d fu"i{k flDdk ;kn`PN;k ,d ckj mNkyk x;kA ;fn fpk vkrk gS rks P ds }kjk
iklk Qsadk tkrk gS rks ikals Q dks Qsadk tkrk gSA ;fn igys n ckj esa yky jax vkrk gS rks izkf;drk fd iklk P dk iz;ksx
fd;k x;k gS :
2n
Ans.
2n 1
10. On a particular day, six persons pick six different books, one each from different counters at a public library.
At the closing time, they arbitrarily put their books to the vacant counters. Then find the probability that
exactly two books are at their previous places.
fdlh fuf'pr fnu ,d iqLrdky; esa 6 O;fDr 6 vyx-vyx rkfydkvksa ls 6 vyx-vyx fdrkcs mBkrs gSA iqLrdky; can
gksrs le; os viuh fdrkcksa dks [kkyh rkfydk eas ;kn`fPNd j[k nsrs gSA izkf;drk fd Bhd 2 fdrkcs vius iwoZLFkku ij gS:
Ans. 3/16
11. A fair coin is tossed eight times, then find the probability that resulting sequence of heads and tails looks the
same when viewed from the beginning or from the end.
,d fu"i{k flDdk vkB ckj mNkyk tkrk gS rks izkf;drk ;fn ifj.kkfer fp=kks o iV~Vksa dk e izFke rFkk var ls ns[kus ij
leku gks
Ans. 1/16
12. Each square of a 3 3 board is coloured either red or blue at random (each having probability 1/2). Then find
the probability that there is no 2 2 red square.
3 3 dscksMZ dk izR;sd oxZ ;k rks yky ;k uhys jax (nksuksa dh izkf;drk 1/2 gS) ls jaxk x;k gS rks izkf;drk ;fn dksbZ 2
2 dk oxZ yky ugh gS
417
Ans.
512
ADVPR - 42
Probability
13. A fair coin is tossed (2m + 1) times, then find the probability of getting at least m consecutive heads.
,d fu"i{kikrh ikls dks (2m + 1) ckj mNkyk tkrk gS U;wure m ekxr 'kh"kZ izkIr djus dh izkf;drk gS :
(m 3) 2m 1
Ans.
22m 1
14. In a single throw of three dice find the probability of the event a total of 8.
rhu iklksa dks ,d lkFk QSadus ij vadks dk ;ksx vkB vkus dh izkf;drk Kkr djksA
Ans. 7/72
3 5
15. Suppose A & B shoot independently until each hits his target. They have probabilities , of hitting the
5 7
target at each shoot. Find the probability that B will require more shots than A.
ekukfd A rFkk B LoarU=k :i ls ,d y{; dks rc rd fu'kkuk lk/krs gS tc rd fd os muds y{; dks Hksn ugha nsrsA
3 5
izR;sd fu'kkus esa muds y{; dks Hksnus dh izkf;drk, e'k% , gSA rc izkf;drk Kkr djks fd B dks y{; Hksnus
5 7
ds fy;s A ls vf/kd fu'kkuksa dh vko';drk gksxhA
6
Ans.
31
16. A quadratic equation is chosen from the set of all quadratic equations which are unchanged by squaring
their roots. Given that roots are real. Find the probability that the chosen equation has equal roots.
,slh lHkh f}?kkr lehdj.kksa ds leqPp; esa ls ,d f}?kkr lehdj.k dk p;u fd;k tkrk gS ftuesa fd ewyksa dk oxZ
djus ij Hkh lehdj.k vifjorZfu; gSA bl ckr dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft, fd p;fur lehdj.k ds ewy leku gksaA
1
Ans.
2
17. Five team of equal strength play against each other in a tournament and each match either ends in a win or
loss for a team. Find the probability that no team win all its games or loss all its game.
cjkcj n{krk ds f[kykfM;ksa dh ikap Vhe ,d nqljs dks VwukZesUV esa rFkk izR;sd eSp dk vUr ;k rks thr ;k gkj gks
izkf;drk fd tcfd dksbZ Hkh Vhe blds lHkh eSpks dks thrs ;k lHkh eSpks dks gkjsA
17
Ans.
32
18. If A and B has (n + 1) and n fair coins respectively. Then find the probability that A gets more heads then B.
;fn A, (n + 1) rFkk B, n fu"i{kikrh flDds j[krs gSA A ds }kjk izkIr 'kh"kZ B ls T;knk gksus dh izkf;drk 1/2 gSA
Ans. 1/2
19. Let the probability pn that a family has exactly n children be pn, where n 1 and p0 = 1 p(1 + p + p2 + .....)
(0 < , p < 1). Giving birth to a boy and girl is equally likely. If k 1, then find the probability that the family
has exactly k boys.
ekuk fd izkf;drk pn ifjokj ds Bhd n cPpksa dks j[krk gS] pn gSA tgk n 1 rFkk p0 = 1 p(1 + p + p2 + .....) (0 <
, p < 1) ekuk fd n cPps ds fyax forj.k dh leku izkf;drk j[krk gS n'kkZb;s fd k 1 ds fy, izkf;drk Kkr dhft, fd
ifjokj es Bhd k cPps gSA
2pk
Ans.
(2 p)k 1
ADVPR - 43
Probability
9 16
20. A bear hides itself either behind bush A with probability or behind bush B with probability . A hunter
25 25
have 5 bullets each of which can be fired either at bush A or B. Hunter hits each target independtly with an
accuracy of 1/4. How many bullets can be fired at bush A to hit the bear with max. probability.
9 16
,d Hkkyw ds vius vki >kMh A ds ihNs Nqius dh izkf;drk gS ;k >kMh B ds ihNs Nqius dh izkf;drk gSA ,d f'kdkjh
25 25
ds ikl 10 cqysV gS tks ;k rks A ij ;k B ij nkxh tkrh gSA f'kdkjh ,d y{; dks Lora=k :i ls 1/4 rjhds ls Hksfnr djrk
gSA >kMh A ij fdruh cqysV nkxh tkrh gS ftldks Hkkyw ekjus dh vf/kdre izkf;drk gS-
Ans. 2
21. Set A : {100 years in which 76 are simple and 24 are leap years}
Set B : {100 years in which 75 are simple and 25 are leap years}
An year is chosen from either set A or set B and is found to have 53 sundays. Probability that the chosen
year was a leap year.
leqPp; A : {100 o"kZ gS ftuesa 76 lk/kkj.k gS rFkk 24 yhi o"kZ gS}
leqPp; B : {100 o"k gS ftuesa 75 lk/kkj.k gS rFkk 25 yhi o"kZ gS}
leqPp; A ;k leqPp; B ls ,d o"kZ ;kn`PNk;k pquk tkrk gS ftlesa 53 jfookj gSA izkf;drk Kkr dhft, fd pquk x;k o"kZ
,d yhi o"kZ gSA
98
Ans.
249
22. Four persons draw 4 cards from an ordinary pack find the chance
(1) that a card is of each suit
(2) that no two cards are of equal value.
,d lkekU; xh esa ls pkj O;fDr 4 iks fudkyrs gSa rks lEHkkouk Kkr djksA
(1) izR ;sd izdkj dk ,d ikk gks
(2) dksb Z Hkh nks iks leku eku ds u gksaA
13
2197 C4 4 4
Ans. (i) (ii) 52
20825 C4
23. A gambler has one rupee in his pocket. He tosses an unbiased normal coin unless either he is ruined
or unless the coin has been tossed for a maximum of five times. If for each head he wins a rupee and
for each tail he looses a rupee, then find the probability that the gambler is ruined.
,d tqvkjh dh tsc esa ,d :i;k gSA og ,d fu"i{kikrh lk/kkj.k flDds dks rc rd mNkyrk gS tc rd ;k rks og
gkj uk tk;s ;k vf/kdre ikap ckj flDdksa dks Qsadk x;k gks ;fn izR;sd 'kh"kZ ds fy, og ,d :i;k thrrk gSa rFkk
izR;sd iqPN ds fy, og ,d :i;k gkjrk gS rks tqvkjh ds gkjus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
11
Ans.
16
24. 3 cards are given, one of them is red on both sides, one is blue on both sides & one is blue on one side
and red on the other side. One of them is chosen randomly & put on the table. It shows red colour on
the upper side. Find the probability of the other side of the card being red.
fn;s x;s 3 ikksa esa ,d ikk nksuksa rjQ yky] ,d ikk nksuksa rjQ uhyk rFkk ,d ikk ,d rjQ uhyk rFkk nwljh
rjQ yky gSA buesa ls ,d ;kn`fPNd pquk tkrk gSa rFkk est ij j[kk tkrk gSA ;g mijh vksj yky jax n'kkZrk gSaA
nwljh vksj yky jax gksus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A
2
Ans.
3
ADVPR - 44
Probability
25. In ten trials of an experiment, if the probability of getting '4 successes is maximum, then find the range
of probability of success in each trial.
,d iz;ksx ds 10 ijh{k.k esa ;fn '4 lQyrk;sa izkIr djus dh izkf;drk vf/kdre gS rks fn[kkb, fd izR;sd ijh{k.k esa
lQyrk izkIr djus dh izkf;drk dk ifjlj Kkr dhft,A
4 5
Ans. p ,
11 11
26. There are two lots of identical articles with different amounts of standard & defective articles. There are
N articles in the first lot, n of which are defective & M articles in the second lot, m of which are
defective. K articles are selected from the first lot & L articles from the second & a new lot results. Find
the probability that an article selected at random from the new lot is defective.
nks ykWV esa loZle oLrq,a gS tks fd vyx&vyx izdkj dh rFkk nks"k;qDr gSA ;gka izFke ykWV esa N oLrq,a gS] ftuesa
ls n nks"k;qDr gS rFkk f}rh; ykWV esa M oLrq,a gSa ftuesa ls m nks"k;qDr gSA izFke ykWV esa ls K rFkk fa}rh; ykWV esa ls
L oLrq, fudkyh tkrh gSa rFkk ,d u;k ykWV cuk;k tkrk gSaA u;s ykWV esa ls ,d oLrq ds ;kn`fPNd fudkyus ij blds
nks"k;qDr ik;s tkus dh izkf;drk Kkr djksA
KnM LmN
Ans. MN (K L )
27. Find the chance of throwing 10 exactly in one throw with 3 dice.
3 iklksa dks ,d ckj QSadus ij Bhd 10 vkus dh izk f;drk Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 1/8
28. Two players of equal skill, A and B, are playing a set of games; they leave off playing when A wants 3 points
and B wants 2. If the stake is Rs.16, what share ought each to take?
nks f[kykM+h A rFkk B tks fd leku :i ls prqj gSa] [ksyksa dks [ksy jgs gSaA tc A dks 3 rFkk B dks 2 vad fey tkrs gSa
rks os [ksyuk can dj nsrs gSaA ;fn mudk ;g nko 16 :- dk gS] rks izR;sd dks fdruk fgLlk feysxk \
Ans. 5 Rs. & 11Rs.
29. A family has three children. Event A is that family has at most one boy, Event B is that family has at least
one boy and one girl, Event C is that the family has at most one girl. Find whether events A and B are
independent. Also find whether A, B, C are independent or not.
,d ifjokj esa 3 cPps gSaA ifjokj esa vf/kdre ,d yM+dk gksus dh ?kVuk A gS] ifjokj esa de ls de ,d yM+dk ,oa
,d yM+dh gksus dh ?kVuk B gSa vkSj ifjokj esa vf/kdre 1 yM+dh gksus dh ?kVuk 'C' gSaA Kkr dhft, fd ?kVuk, 'A'
vkSj 'B' Lora=k gSa ;k ughaA ;g Hkh Kkr dhft, fd A, B, C Lora=k gSa ;k ughaA
Ans. A and B are independent but A,B,C are not independent
A vkSj B Lora=k gS ijUrq A,B,C Lora=k ugh gSA
30. A line segment of length a is divided in two parts at random by taking a point on it, find the probability
that no part is greater than b, where 2b > a
,d js[kk[k.M ftldh yEckbZ a gSA bl js[kk[k.M dks ;kn`fPNd :i ls ml ij fLFkr fdlh fcUnq ds lkis{k nks
Vq d M+ k sa es a ckV fn;k tkrk gS A bl ckr fd izk f;drk Kkr djs a fd dksb Z Hkh [k.M b ls cM+k u gks]
tgk 2b > a
2b a
Ans.
a
31_. Two ants are on the opposite corners of a grid of size 8 8 if they move then what is the probability that they
will meet after each travelled eight steps (Assuming that they do not move in backward direction)
nks phafV;k 8 8 vkdkj ds ,d fxzM ds foijhr dksukasa ij gS ;fn os nksuksa pyuk vkjEHk djrh gS rks muds izR;sd vkB in
pyus ds ckn feyus dh izkf;drk D;k gksxh (ekuk fd os ihNs dh vksj ugha pyrh gSA)
245
Ans.
215
ADVPR - 45
Probability
Comprehension _(Question number 32 to 34)
r r r r
If r1, r2, r3, r4 are four numbers which belongs to the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}. If y = i 1 i 2 i 3 i 4 , where
i= 1
32_. Probability of getting y = 4
vuqPNsn _(Q.No. 32 to 34)
;fn r1, r2, r3, r4 pkj la[;k;sa leqPp; {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} ls lacfU/kr gS ;fn y = ir1 ir2 ir3 ir4 , tgk i = 1
32_. y = 4 vkus dh izkf;drk
1 1 15
Ans. 32. 33. 34.
256 256 64
35. Match : A box contains n coins. Let P(Ei) be the probability that exactly i out of n coins are biased.
If P(Ei) is directly proportional to i(i + 1) ; 1 i n.
(3n 1)
(A) Proportionality constant k is equal to (p)
4n
3
(B) If P be the probability that a coin selected at (q)
n(n 1)(n 2)
random is biased then P is
3
(C) If a coin selected at random is found to be (r)
n2
biased then the probability that it is the only
biased coin in the box is
24
(D) P(En) is equal to (s)
n(n 1)(n 2)(3n 1)
Ans. Aq ; Bp, Cs, dr
feyku dhft, :
,d lUnwd es n flDds gSA ekuk P(Ei) izkf;drk gS tcfd n flDdksa esa ls Bhd i flDds i{kikrh flDds gSA ;fn P(Ei),
i(i + 1) ds lekuqi krh gS ; 1 i n.
(3n 1)
(A) lekuqikrh vpj k cjkcj gS & (p)
4n
3
(B) ;fn P izkf;drk gS fd ,d flDdk ;kn`fPNd (q)
n(n 1)(n 2)
pquk tkrk gS tks i{kikrh gS rc P gS &
3
(C) ;fn ,d flDdk ;kn`fPNd pquk tkrk gS tks i{kikrh ik;k (r)
n2
gS rc lUnwd es dsoy i{kikrh flDdk gksus dh izkf;drk gS &
24
(D) P(En) cjkcj gS & (s)
n(n 1)(n 2)(3n 1)
Ans. Aq ; Bp, Cs, dr
ADVPR - 46

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Probability

In set notation it can be interpreted as the universal set.

(iv) Complement of event :

(vi) Compound event :

Note : If Ai Aj = i, j {1, 2, ..., n} where i j,

(ix) Exhaustive system of events :

(I I ) Classical (a priori) definition of probability :

m number of favourable outcomes

P(AB) = P(A) + P(B) P(AB)

De Morgans laws : If A & B are two subsets of a universal set U, then

(IV) Conditional probability

(V) Independent and dependent events

Note: (i) If A and B are independent, then

(VI) Binomial probability theorem :

value of the experiment is given by p . M i i

(V I I I ) Total probability theorem

P(A) = P(A B1) + P(A B2) + ....... + P(A Bn) = P( A B )

(IX) Bayes theorem :

P(A) = P(A B1) + P(A B2) + ....... + P(A Bn) = P( A B )

(X) Probability distribution :

PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Hkkx - I : fo"k;kRed iz'u SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Section (A) : Problems based on Classical definition of Probability (PRCD)

Find the probability that the rectangle is a square.

triangle with three vertices is equilateral is p then 100p equals

A-7. In throwing a pair of dice, find whether the two events

Section (D) : Problem based on Binomial Distribution / Expectation / mean

PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Section (A) : Problems based on Classical definition of Probability (PRCD)

(ii) The range of values of P(A B) is

(ii) P(A B) ds ekuksa dk ifjlj gS&

163 209 209

PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN

Hkkx - III : dkWye dks lqesfyr dhft, (MATCH THE COLUMN )

(A) A pair of dice is thrown. If total of numbers turned up (p) 5/16

Ans. (A) (s), (B) (r), (C) (q), (D) (p)

PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

PART - II : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE

PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

9. If 4 whole numbers taken at random are multiplied together

14. For any two events A & B defined on a sample space,

4. The chance he will be successfull is

5. Given that he is successful the chance that he studied for 4 hours, is

7. rks bl FkSys ls vxyh fudkyh xbZ xsan ds lQsn gksus dh izkf;drk gS

lHkh vadks 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,5 dh lgk;rk ls vkB vadks dh la[;k,a cuk;h tk ldrh gS

PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

Hkkx - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE fiNys o"kksZ ds iz'u

Comprehension [IIT-JEE 2006, (5, 1), 184]

3. If P(Ei) i for i = 1, 2, ......, n, then nlim

;fn i = 1, 2, ......, n ds fy, P(Ei) i gks] rks xlim

ls de ls de ,d O;fDr }kjk Bhd gy fd;s tkus dh izkf;drk gS&

Paragraph for Question Nos. 24 to 25

(C*) n1 = 10 vkSj n2 = 20 (D*) n1 = 3 vkSj n2 = 6

PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

Hkkx - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE fiNys o"kksZ ds iz'u

fo"k;kRed iz'u SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

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(C) n1 = 10 vkSj n2 = 20 (D) n1 = 3 vkSj n2 = 6