1.

Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense is a tenses used to declare events that have been made in the past, in the form of this
has nothing to do with the present moment.

The structure :

1. Nominal (using in addition to the work ; that is using adjectives, nouns and adverbs).

(+) S + Tobe Past (was, were) + adjectives/nouns/adverbs

(-) S + Tobe Past (was, were)+ Not + adjectives/nouns/adverbs

(?) Tobe Past (was, were) + S + adjectives/nouns/adverbs

Yes, S + Tobe Past (was, were)

No, S + Tobe Past (was, were) + not

Example:

(+)Kamu disini kemarin.

You were here yesterday.

(-) Kamu tidak disini kemarin.

You were not here yesterday.

(?) Apakah kamu disini kemarin?

Were you here yesterday?

Yes, you were

No, you were not

2. Verbal (using the verbs)

(+) S + Verb 2 + Object/Compliment

(-) S + did+ not + Verb 1 + Object/Compliment

Yes, S + did

No, S + did +not

Example:

(+) Saya pergi ke rumah paman saya minggu lalu.

I wen to my uncles house last week.

(-) Saya tidak pergi ke rumah paman saya minggu lalu.

I did not go to my uncles house last week.

(?) Apakah Saya pergi ke rumah paman saya minggu lalu.

Did I go to my uncles house last week.

Yes, I did

No, I did not

2. Past Contiuous Tense

Past Continuous Tense Is a tenses are used to explain an act of the actions or event which is
happening at the time. In these tenses usually there is another thing that happened at the same
time that also happened in the past anyway.

The structure:

(+) S + Tobe Past (was, were) + Verb 1 + ing + Object/Complement + when + simple past tense

(-) S + Tobe Past (was, were) + Not + Verb 1 + ing + Object/Complement + when + simple past tense

(?)Tobe Past (was, were) + S + Verb 1 + ing + Object/Complement + when + simple past tense?

Yes, S + Tobe Past (was, were)

No, S + Tobe Past (was, were) + not

(+)kami sedang membaca buku ketika ibu feni datang ke kelas.

We were reading book when Mrs. Feni came to the class.

(-) kami sedang membaca buku ketika ibu feni datang ke kelas.

We were not reading book when Mrs. Feni came to the class.

(?)Apakah kami sedang membaca buku ketika ibu feni datang ke kelas?

Were we reading book when Mrs. Feni came to the class?

Yes, we were

No, we were not

3. Past Perfect Tense

Past Perfect Tense Is a tenses are used to explain an act of the actions or event that has just
happened in the past, usually in the event there is another incident,
where sentences on past perfect tense has happened in advance from these other events on.

If the verbal sentence in his actions already completed (just) when other events take place.
If the nominal sentence in occurrence then already started past yet another incident to take
place still ongoing or there is still, for example when someone say the phrase "I have a pretty"
then as he pronounces sentence the beautiful still persists.

There are two structures of simple Past Perfect Tense:

1. Verbal

The structure :

(+) S + had + Verb 3 + Object/Complement + when + simple past tense

(-) S + had + not + Verb 3 + Object/Complement + when + simple past tense

(?)Had + S + Verb 3 + Object/Complement + when + simple past tense?

Yes, S + had

No, S + had + not

(+) Rudi sudah minum jus apel ketika Riska datang kemarin.

Rudi had drunk apple juice when Riska came yesterday.

(-)Rudi belum minum jus apel ketika Riska datang kemarin.

Rudi had not drunk apple juice when Riska came yesterday.

(?)Apakah Rudi sudah minum jus apel ketika Riska datang kemarin?

Had Rudi drunk apple juice when Riska came yesterday?

Yes, He had

No, He had not

2. Nominal

The structure:

(+) S + had + been + adjectives/nouns/adverbs + when + simple past tense

(-) S + had + not + been + adjectives/nouns/adverbs + when + simple past tense

(?)Had + S + been + adjectives/nouns/adverbs + when + simple past tense?

Yes, S + had

No, S + had

Contoh:

(+) Tatik sudah cantik ketika pacarnya menjemputnya kemarin.

Tatik had been beautiful when her boyfriend picked her yesterday.

(-)Tatik sudah cantik ketika pacarnya menjemputnya kemarin.

Tatik had not been beautiful when her boyfriend picked her yesterday.
(?)Apakah Tatik sudah cantik ketika pacarnya menjemputnya kemarin.

Had Tatik been beautiful when her boyfriend picked her yesterday?

Yes, I had

No, I had not

4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Past perfect continuous tense is used to describe an ongoing action that started in past and continued
for some time in past. It expresses continued nature of an action that started and stopped at some point
in the past. The sentence includes a time-reference (two specific words since and for) to show that
when the action started in past or for how long the action was continued in past.

The structure :

(+) S + had + been + Verb 1 + ing + Object/Complement + when + simple past tense

(-) S + had + not + been + Verb 1 + ing + Object/Complement + when + simple past tense

(?)Had + S + been + Verb 1 + ing + Object/Complement + when + simple past tense?

Yes, S + Had

No, S + Had + not

Example:

(+)saya sudah membaca koran selama 3 jam ketika Pak Army datang

I had been reading news paper for 3 hours when Mr. Army came

(-)saya belum membaca koran selama 3 jam ketika Pak Army datang

I had not been reading news paper for 3 hours when Mr. Army came

(?) Apakah saya sudah membaca koran selama 3 jam ketika Pak Army datang

Had I been reading news paper for 3 hours when Mr. Army came
Yes, I had

No, I had not

5. Simple past future tense

Simple past future tense is a tenses are used to declare an event or events that will be carried
out at the dawn of time. In the event of this occurrence is not/has not been made. For example,
in the sentence "yesterday she will be come to my house because it was rainy" (in this
sentence is repeated a story that actually "she" doesn't come home only a plan but not done).

There are two structures of simple past future tense :

1. Nominal (using in addition to verb, that is using adjectives, nouns, and adverbs)

The structure :

(+) S + should/would + Be + adjectives/nouns/adverbs

(-)S + should/would + not + Be + adjectives/nouns/adverbs

(?)Should/Would + S + Be + adjectives/nouns/adverbs?

Yes, S + should/would

No, S + should/would + not

Example:

(+)Rudi akan disini minggu lalu namun dia harus pergi ke rumah ibunya.

Rudi would be here last week but he had to go to his mothers home.

(-) Rudi tidak akan disini minggu lalu karena dia harus pergi ke rumah ibunya.

Rudi would not be here last week because he had to go to his mothers home.

(?)Apakah Rudi akan disini minggu lalu?

Would Rudi be here last week?

Yes, he would
No, he would not

2. Verbal (using the verb)

The structure :

(+) S + should/would + Verb 1 + Object/Complement

(-) S + should/would + not + Verb 1 + Object/Complement

(?)Should/Would + S + Verb 1 + Object/Complement?

Yes, S + should/would

No, S + should/would + not

Example:

(+)Kemarin dia (pr) akan datang ke rumahku karena hari itu hujan.

Yesterday she would come to my house because the day was raining.

(-)Kemarin dia (pr) tidak akan datang ke rumahku karena hari itu hujan.

Yesterday she would come to my house because the day was raining.

(?) Apakah dia (pr) akan datang ke rumahku karena hari itu hujan kemarin?

would she come to my house because the day was raining yesterday?

Yes, She would

No, She would not

6. Past Future Continuous Tense

Past Future Continuous Tense is a tenses are used to o state what that will is being
done (something that is ongoing) in the future at the time was in the past. Tense can be
used as a prediction or plan.

The structure :

(+) S + should/would + Be + Verb 1 + ing + Object/Complement

(?)Should/Would + S + Be + Verb 1 + ing + Object/Complement?

Yes, S + should/would

No, S + should/would + not

Example:

(+) Sebenarnya kemarin, dia akan bermain gitar dengan kamu pada jam 7 malam, namun kamu tidak ada
dirumah.

Actually yesterday, he would be playing guitar with you at 7 oclock P.M, but you were not in the house.

(-) Sebenarnya kemarin, dia akan bermain gitar dengan kamu pada jam 7 malam, namun kamu tidak ada
dirumah.

Actually yesterday, he would not be playing guitar with you at 7 oclock P.M, but you were not in the
house.

(?)Sebenarnya kemarin, apakah dia akan bermain gitar dengan kamu pada jam 7 malam?

Actually yesterday, would he be playing guitar with you at 7 oclock P.M?

Yes, he would

No, he would not

7. Past Future Perfect Tense

Past Future Perfect Tense is a tense state an occurrence would happen and it's been done in the
past. So the events that will be done is not so done in the past because of a thing, or it could
be only as mere wishful thinking.

Pola I (Verbal)
(+) S + would/should + have + V3
(-) S + would/should + not + have + V3
(?) Would/should + S + have + V3

Pola II (Nominal)
(+) S + would/should + have + been + Adj/Adv/N
(-) S + would/should + not + have + been + Adj/Adv/N
(?) Would/should + S + have + been + Adj/Adv/N
Contoh kalimat pola I:
She would have come to the party if you had invited her.
They would not have visited us.
Would he have finished his study?

Contoh kalimat pola II:

8. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense is a tenses are used to declare events that would have
been done and persisted up to the time allowed.

The structure :

(+) S + should/would + have + been + Verb 1 + ing + O/C

(-) S + should/would + not + have + been + Verb 1 + ing + O/C

(?)Should/Would + S + have + been + Verb 1 + ing + O/C?

Yes, S + should/would

No, S + should/would + not

Example:

(+)Mereka akan telah sedang belajar bahasa inggris selama 2 tahun pada bulan terakhir bulan lalu

They would have been studying English for 2 years at the end of last month.

(-) Mereka akan telah sedang belajar bahasa inggris selama 2 tahun pada bulan terakhir bulan lalu

They would not have been studying English for 2 years at the end of last month.

(?) Apakah mereka akan telah sedang belajar bahasa inggris selama 2 tahun pada bulan terakhir bulan
lalu?

Would they have been studying English for 2 years at the end of last month?

Yes, they would

No, they would not