Main Article:: Periodization

Periods
Main article: Periodization
Historical study often focuses on events and developments that

occur in particular blocks of time. Historians give these periods of
time names in order to allow "organising ideas and classificatory
generalisations" to be used by historians.[37]The names given to a
period can vary with geographical location, as can the dates of the
beginning and end of a particular period. Centuries and decades are
commonly used periods and the time they represent depends on
the dating system used. Most periods are constructed
retrospectively and so reflect value judgments made about the past.
The way periods are constructed and the names given to them can
affect the way they are viewed and studied.[38]
Prehistoric periodisation
The field of history generally leaves prehistory to the archaeologists,
who have entirely different sets of tools and theories. The usual
method for periodisation of the distant prehistoric past,
in archaeology is to rely on changes in material culture and
technology, such as the Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age and
their sub-divisions also based on different styles of material
remains. Despite the development over recent decades of the ability
through radiocarbon dating and other scientific methods to give
actual dates for many sites or artefacts, these long-established
schemes seem likely to remain in use. In many cases neighbouring
cultures with writing have left some history of cultures without it,
which may be used.
Geographical locations
Particular geographical locations can form the basis of historical

study, for example, continents, countries and cities. Understanding
why historic events took place is important. To do this, historians
often turn to geography. Weather patterns, the water supply, and
the landscape of a place all affect the lives of the people who live
there. For example, to explain why the ancient Egyptians developed
a successful civilization, studying the geography of Egypt is
essential. Egyptian civilization was built on the banks of the Nile
River, which flooded each year, depositing soil on its banks. The
rich soil could help farmers grow enough crops to feed the people in
the cities. That meant everyone did not have to farm, so some
people could perform other jobs that helped develop the civilization.
Regions
History of Africa begins with the first emergence of modern

human beings on the continent, continuing into its modern
present as a patchwork of diverse and politically developing
nation states.
History of the Americas is the collective history of North and
South America, including Central America and the Caribbean.
History of North America is the study of the past passed down
from generation to generation on the continent in the Earth's
northern and western hemisphere.
History of Central America is the study of the past passed
down from generation to generation on the continent in the
Earth's western hemisphere.
History of the Caribbean begins with the oldest evidence
where 7,000-year-old remains have been found.
History of South America is the study of the past passed down
from generation to generation on the continent in the Earth's
southern and western hemisphere.
History of Antarctica emerges from early Western theories of a
vast continent, known as Terra Australis, believed to exist in the
far south of the globe.
History of Australia starts with the documentation of the
Makassar trading with Indigenous Australians on Australia's north
coast.
History of New Zealand dates back at least 700 years to when it
was discovered and settled by Polynesians, who developed a
distinct Mori culture centred on kinship links and land.
History of the Pacific Islands covers the history of the islands in
the Pacific Ocean.
History of Eurasia is the collective history of several distinct
peripheral coastal regions: the Middle East, South Asia, East
Asia, Southeast Asia, and Europe, linked by the interior mass of
the Eurasian steppe of Central Asia and Eastern Europe.
History of Europe describes the passage of time from humans
inhabiting the European continent to the present day.
History of Asia can be seen as the collective history of several
distinct peripheral coastal regions, East Asia, South Asia, and
the Middle East linked by the interior mass of the Eurasian
steppe.
History of East Asia is the study of the past passed down
from generation to generation in East Asia.
History of the Middle East begins with the earliest
civilizations in the region now known as the Middle East
that were established around 3000 BC, in Mesopotamia
(Iraq).
History of India is the study of the past passed down from
generation to generation in the Sub-Himalayan region.
History of Southeast Asia has been characterized as
interaction between regional players and foreign powers.
In 2013, part of this society broke away to form a new web-based
group also featuring a forum and wiki.[32]
Canadian society[edit]
Flat Earth Society of Canada was established on November 8,
1970, by philosopher Leo Ferrari, writer Raymond Fraser and
poet Alden Nowlan;[33] and was active until 1984.[34] Their archives
are held at the University of New Brunswick.[35]
Calling themselves planoterrestrialists,[36] their aims were quite
different from other flat earth societies. They claimed a prevailing
problem of the new technological age was the willingness of people
to accept theories "on blind faith and to reject the evidence of their
own senses."[34] The parodic intention of the Society appeared in the
writings of Ferrari, as he attributed everything from gender to racial
inequality on the globularist and the Spherical
Earth model.[37] Ferrari even claimed to have nearly fallen off "the
Edge" of the Earth at Brimstone Head on Fogo Island.[38]
Ferrari was interviewed as an "expert" in the 1990 flat
earth mockumentary, In Search of the Edge by Pancake
Productions (as in the expression "as flat as a pancake").[39] In the
accompanying study guide, Ferrari is outed as a "globularist,"
anonce word for someone who believes the earth is
spherical.[40] The real intent of the film, which was part-funded by
theOntario Arts Council and National Film Board of Canada,[41] was
to promote schoolchildren's critical thinking and media literacy by
"[attempting] to prove in convincing fashion, something everyone
knew to be false."[42]
Relaunch[edit]
Multi-media artist Kay Burns re-created the Flat Earth Society of

Canada with her alter ego Iris Taylor as its president.[43]Burns
created an installation entitled the Museum of the Flat Earth, which
included some artifacts from the 1970 group. It was exhibited in
2016 at the Flat Earth Outpost Caf in Shoal Bay, Newfoundland.[35]

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Periods

Main article: Periodization

Historical study often focuses on events and developments that

Particular geographical locations can form the basis of historical

History of Africa begins with the first emergence of modern

Multi-media artist Kay Burns re-created the Flat Earth Society of

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