Distr*

LIMITED

E/CNel4/EP/6O
UNITED NATIONS 17 January 1974

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL Original: ENGL-: 3H

ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA

Regional Conference on Petroleum Industry

and Manpower Requirements
in the Field of Hydrocarbons

Tripoli, 2-12 February 1974

PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENTS IN ANGOLA

(Document prepared by the ECA secretariat)

..TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

! General Data - - - 1

2. Introduction _ *- - 1

3. Geology __-__: - ~ 1

31 General features ' 1

32 Description of sedimentary basins - 3

321 Guanza Basin - 3

3211 Stratigraphy ~ - 3
. 3.2.1.-2. Tectonics -- --. - ..-- 5
3>2.13 Hydrocarbon occurrences - . 6

32c2 Cabinda Basin 7

3-2.3- Lower Zaire River Basin - 7
324 Lobito Basin 8
325 Mocamedes Basin - - 8

4 Companies and Concessions .-r - 9

41 Petroleum Companies operating in Angola 9

42 Concessions - 10

5 Petroleum Exploration Activity 10

51 History - - 10

52 Exploratory works carried out ~ 11

53 Oil and gas discoveries - - - 12

54 Oil and gas reserves discovered 12

5*5 Asphalt rock reserves - - - 13

A
TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont'd)

6e Appraisal and development drilling - - - - . :. _.. :.-, 13

7 Hydrocarbons production - ___ 14

7elo Oil production -------__ 14

7o20 Gas production -------__ y^

7 3* Asphalt production -- ---___ yt

7o4 Bescrip-tion of the producing oil fields - - - 14

741 Benfica -- ____ y[

742n Luanda ___ ]_c

74=>3 Cacuaco ____ _ .. _ j_c

7o4*4 Galinda ____ j_5

7O4O5" Tobias - - - _ _ _ _ ^

704^60 Uacongo --. _ ]_g

7o4t>7 Mulenvos - - - * - - -_ _ _. : : ]_g

7q4o80 Quenguela North - " - __ in

7o49" Malongo ' " . _ yj

7f4ol0 Cabinda onshore 611- .; .. _ _ 18

7o5* Non producing oil-and gas fields _ \Q

8n Refinery -__^._ _ __ _ ^ _ ^g'

9 Domestic demands for refined products - _ - ]q

List of Annexes

Tables

Table Is Geological and geophysical survey in Angola

(period I95I-I972)

Table 2: Exploratory and- development drilling in Angola

(period I95I-I272)

Table 3s Exploratory wells drilled in Cuansa Basin

(puriod )

Table 4J Exploratory wells drilled in Cabinda Basin - Onshore

(period 1953-1971)
Ti "I Ci ^ "P.-u-t-i Tn-nn+ATir un 1 1 o rfy-i 1 1 Qrl
 "fVTNr

Tables

Table 6: Exploratory wells drilled in Northern Angola

(period 1Q66-1?71)

Table Ji Data of the oilfields discovered in Angola

Table ?: Oil and gas production in Angola

(period )

Graphics

Fig- 1, Angola, Sedimentary Basins*

2. Guansa Basin. Oilfields and Cuncessions

Pig, 3 Cabinda and Worth Angola- Oil Fields and Concession May*

Fig. 4- Concession map in Southern Angela.

Fig. 5- Stiv.tigrapb.ic and lithologic column for the Cuanza Basin.

Fig- 6r Angola. Basin sedimentaire de Benguela.

Fig. 'JIO, Ben.'ice oilfields Luanda oiliield? Tobias Field, Tobias

structure.

- 111 -
 1. GENERAL DATA

The territory of Angola lies between

6 and 18 latitudes, south of the Equator
12 and 34' longitudes, east of the Greenwich Meridian.
The area is 1,246,000 sqa km . (481,000 sq. miles)
The populati.cn v. ,s estimated at 5,9OO,OCO (1972); the population, growth rate is
believed to be 200 per cent per annum.

The main towns:

Luanda.,.o0.o,475,000 inhabitants (1970)

Lobito-*...... 89,000 inhabitants (1970)
Novo Lisboa. a ,* ;> n3aP

The country's currency:

The escudo, with an exchange value of 27O2 escudos = 1 US Dollar (Aug.1973)

Gross Domestic Product (at current market prices) in 1970:
47j28O million escudos
Petroleum production : 6,901,000 tons in 1972
Petroleum Reserves : 159,200,000 tons, end of 1972

;2c INTRODUCTION

The presence of numerous oil and asphalt shows in the exposures of the sediment
ary rocks has attracted petroleum exploration companies to Angola since 1910,

During the. period .1910 - I938 they drilled 36 exploratory wells, generally of
shallow depth, all abandoned as dry*

Modern exploratory works begun in 1952.were intensified after the discovery

of the Benfica oilfield in 1955*,

In the Cabinda enclave- exploration started in 1956 in the onshore Gulf's

concession followed by successful offshore exploration since 1966,

By the end c:' 1971, the number of exploratory wells drilled in Angola was 294.
For the development of ...the discovered oilfields, 215 wells were drilled up to
31 December 1971

Crude oil production registered a spectacular increase in recent years rising

from 0^750 million tons in 1963 to 7 million tons in 1972, and it is possible that
it may rise to 10-12'"million tons in 1975

A refinery with.a current through-put of 1- million tons/year is operating in

Luanda and the project to construct a new one in Lobito with a planned capacity of
2 million tons/year is still under consideration,

3* GEOLOGY

3*lo General features

The territory of Angola can be divided into throe major zoncs:on the basis

/ a a it
 J1 !
"Page 2

of its geological and morphological featuresr

The Littoral Zone - A belt of sedimentary rocks extended along the Atlantic
Coast over an area of about 45,000 sq.km maximum width 150 km, subdivided by
the spurs of the. crystalline p.-^ement in the following basins:

- Cfctiuc/ir. - Lobito (.Ben^uela Cuio)

- Low.r Zaire -River - Ifagam&des

The__Precambian Zone - A NorthSouth dorsal consisting mainly of granite

and metamorphic rocks exposed over an area of 520,000 sq<> kmc

The Continental Karoo Basin - Internal basin of about 680,000 sqPkm which
in fact represents the SoW, prolongation of the Congo-Kasai basin. 'There, the
basement is covered hj a relatively thin co-ver of near-horizontal continental
beds of the Karoo and Kalahari system ranging in age from Middle Carboniferous
to Terti-^y>

For the time being; only the littoral oasins and their extension on the
continental shelf are considered highly -favourable areaSc These are areas where
oil was found (Cabinda; South Zaire., Cuanza) or is expected to be found very soon
(Macamedes ana Lobito)n The prospects of the continental internal basin are
estimated to be rather poor and there is no exploratory activity being undertaken
there*

The offshore petroleum prospective area extends over an area of 45tOOO sq.,km
to a depth of 100 fathoms (-l80m) and another extension over an area of 250,000
sq^km is also likely to be considered in the near future, lying at a depth of
between-l80m and 1000mt-

The areas in square kilometers, of the various potential petroleum bearing

areas en the littoral sedimentary belt are as follows:

wame of oasin Onshore Offrhcr* area

area 0-100 fathoms beyend

100 fathoms

Cabinda 5,000 7,150 2,000

Lower Zaire River 9,000 1O>337 6,000

Ambri z - 6,600 3,000

Cuanza 22,000 ios240 8,000

Lobi 10 7,000 5,000 3,400

Ma5amedes 2^250.. 5,300 2t80C

TOTAL A5,25O 44,627 25.200

 i- u - !"* i^"~r -^ '

E/CN.14/EP/60
Pago 3

3*2 Description of sedimentary basins

3*2.1. Cuanza Basin

3.2*1.,1.

The Cuanza Basin is the largest and the best known sedimentary basin of Angola
which extends along the western coast between 8 and 10 -S. Latitude*
The. area of,. the basin is about 22v000 sq. km (315 km long and maximum 170
km wide), covered in the central part by Pleistocene sands and exposing, along
the flanks, formations of Aptian to Miocene age.
. The Precambrian crystalline basement is partly- covered by igneous extrusives
rocks as volcanic ash, dolerites, basalts* .

The sedimentary,formations may have a thickness greater than 4000m. Composed

of Lower and Upper Cretaceous, Paleocene, Eocene, Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene
strata. " :

According to Brognon and Verrier, three main lithostratigraphical units

could be differentiated: . .: ; ; I. "

1. The Basal Unitt consisting of arenaceous formations aged from the- Pre-
Aptian (Neocomian) to the early Aptian as: , ,T _r. - , >;";
Lower.Cuvp composed of coarse, conglomeratic* red sandstone, mixed;in places
with volcanic ash beds, ,. ;. a. .t. '

Upper Cuvo> 200 - 300 m thick, consisting of fine to coarse sandstones with
some interbeds of dolomites and limestpnes,...'thin coal layers^ argillites.^ftd silty
dolomites* '

2* The Middle Unit, an Aptian-Albian sequence of evaporite'and carbonate

deposits with maximal thickness of 1500 m 1600 m with the following subdivisions:

the Massive Salt, at the baSe, covering about 4/5 of "t^e actual sedimentary
basin*-with the original thickness averaging about 350 m and maximal 600 m about
the axis of subsidence.

Quianga Formation, overlying or being partly a lateral eauivalent; to the

Massive Salt, consists of calcaTenites with alga, dolomite dad anhydrite.

Binga Formationil50 - 200 metres, thick iaa carbonate succession from a basal
anhydrite covering the salt, to dolomitic limestona and dolomitized sandy cal
carenites. The lower part of the formation called "Transitional' b^ds" consisting
of very fine limestone interbedded with dark shaleand argillaceous limestone is
considered as an excellent source rock responsible for ;the petroliferous content
of the formation. In the upper part of the Binga Formation, the "Sandy Calcarynite"
is developed with good primary porosity and permeability improved by secondary
dolomitization and fracturing $>n the top of folded salt. It is the main petroli
ferous reservoir of the Cuanza Basin.

Tuenza Formation is a cyclical succession of evaporites (dolomites, anhydrite

and halite) of Lower Albian age, with a total thickness of about 500 m. On the
basis of the predominance of one component or another, the formation is divided
into three members: _
: - the Saliferous Tuenza ;
- the Anhydritic Tuenza
- the Dolomitic Tuenza
 E/CN.14/EP/60
Page 4

The lateral equivalents

q of the Tuenza cycles
y on the borders of the
es of the basin
basin are
inental deposits of the "Dondo Form&^u~e&4fre- Eastern- sireif and the
the continental
"Catumbela Limestone" on the Western uplift. j __. .:-.\ .:" . . :.;

Catumbela Formation consists of colitic and bioclastic calcarenite with local

carbonate buildings, some 50 - 150 m thick.

Quissonde Formation found at the top of the evaporites sequences is an essen

tial argillaceous limestone with Ammonites and Foraminifera indicating the late
Albiari ageo In some places, the lower part of the Quissonde is the lateral
equivalent of the svaporites or grade into the reef trends of the Catumbela. .'.
9 -

3* The Upper Unit consists of marine argillaceous-arenaceous formations of

Upper'Cretaceous and Tertiary, Based essentially on micropaleontologic studies,
several sub-units have been established1:

' ' i) Cenomanian - Lower Senonian^ maximum thickness 1500 m

ii) Upper Senonian - Paleocene, 300 - 1000m thick.
iii) Eocene, 200 to 1000m thick,
iv) Miocene, 200 to 1800m thick,
The detailed description of the formations is as follow

Caboleda Formation of Cenomanian age, corresponds exactly with the Rotalipora

Zone and starts with a general transgression over the entire basin* It-is
represented by a monotonous silty shale series with a basal detrital deposit in
the SacTiago area. - - . -

Itombe Formation of Turonian-Ccniacian age is; also composed mainly of shales

and silty shales; near Cacoba is represented by coarse sandstones and asphaltic
coarse sandstone ;-_. ... . . .. , :

N'Go1one Formation is a shale of Santonian age. In the Mona Lisa area, the
Cabo Ledo? Itombe and N'Golone formations, are considered source beds of petroleum
consisting of black and gray, thin bedded, carbonaceous and bituminous shale
interbedded with black silty and bituminous claystone.

Teba Formation in continuity of sedimentation during Campanian - Lower

Maestrichtianj is characterised by the presence of inoceramus, a silty-shales
facies in the central part of the basin and a transitional facies tending to
continental on the eastern bordero - -.-

Rio Dando Formation is composed of marly silstone and limestone with transit
tional and continental facies towards the east, of Upper-Maestrichtian to Paleocene
ageo The.highest OQCurrence of Globorotolia sp. enable the identification of
Paleocene-Epcene contact without the possibility of establishing a definite
boundary between Teba and Rio Dando Formations*

Gratidao Formation (tiower Eocene) and Cunga Formation (Middle and eventual
Upper Eocene) represent a series of fine detrital material including shales with
Foraminiferar black bituminous marls, Sao Tiago silty shales with oil impregnation,
chert occurrences in some places and silicified limestones* ~ **

Quinfangondo Formation (Aquitanian age) is in most places composed of a lower

section - black or variegated shales, highly gypsiferous, unconformable on the
Eocene or Senonian strata followed by a zone of black to brown shales with
 E/CN.14/EP/6O
page 5

Globigerina dissiimilis - and the Upper section - silty shales with interbeds of
sandy limestones and coquinoidal limestones corresponding to the Globigerinetella
insuata zone-

Luanda Formation (Burdigalian) starting with brown shales with Globorotalia

forthi at the base continues with a series of 1500 m thick coarse sands and clays
deposited in a fluviodeltaic and littoral environment in the Quenguela trough*

Cacuaco Formation represents the shallow-marine marginal facies of the lower

Luanda .^ormation on the Eastern platform of the basin. It consists of limestones
with algae, pelecypodes and echinodermata*.

The: Post Miocene Formations are represented by continental or deltaic sands

with red clays and fequent limonitisation - maximum thickness 120m.

3-2.1.2. Tectonics

The Cuanza Basin is a tectonic depression along the western border of the
African continent formed In the pre^Aptian epoch and filled with sedimentary strata
during theCretaceous and Tertiary periods.

The first subsidence which initiated the basin succeeded the breakdown of the
outernsargin of the Precambrian basement and the igneous activity which have consoli
dated a Western barrier called the "Cabo-Ledo Uplift"..

The following main tectonical features of the basin date from the pre-Aptian
period:

i) the Eastern homocl.vne. dipping 5-6 and interrupted by two local

ridges the Cacuaco and the MorrcLiso

ii) the floor oif the basin itself, now at a depth of about 36OO - 4000m
below sealevel.

iii) the Western uplift formed by the volcanic Cabo-Ledo highland and
further south - by the Longa ridge whicji extends along the present
coast.

These major structural features were responsible for the evolution of the
basin and the cyclic carbonate-evaporite deposition during Aptian-Albian epoch*.
Contemporaneous with the deposition of the thick series of evaporites in the
internal lagoonal basin, on the eastern shelf has been a sedimentation of terri
genous detrital strata and, on the western uplift, the building-up of reef
limestones*, -.

The massive salt deposits started to migrate since the end of the Albian,
first related to basement tectonics and later accelerated by differential loading
with younger sediments. During the Oligocene time, the movement of the salt was
more active in all areas of the Cuanza basin above sea level* The various types
of salt structures in the basin represent the different stages of salt deformation
and evolution, as follows:

- domal flat anticlines with nonpiercement salt

- cryptodiapric folds with the non-piercement salt .expanded as a bult

in the crestal zone and the adjacent shales strongly faulted on the
; flanks (e.g. Tobias structure, fig....)
E/CN.I4/EP/6O
Page 6

- piercement salt domes (diapiric folds) as the Cacimba or Bitchi

structures, afffccWd or not by post-Eocene erosion*

A. final effect of the salt movement from the lateral structures is the
secondary folding of the Tertiary deposits from the central trough (the "depocenter"
of MURRAY) and the establishment of "turtle shape" (TRUSHEIM) anticlines such as
the Quenguela-Northo

Generally one can say that the a-jtual structural configuration of the basin
is characterized by elongated and generally narrow structures (salt-structures,
grabens, anticlines) oriented MW-SSE representing the joint of the vertical
movement along the basement effect fractures and the saliferous tectonics*

321*3 Hydrocarbon occurrences in the Cuanza Basin

Oil and gas has been identified in the following formations.

i) Basal igenous and arenaceous rocks of the Lower Unit (Pre Aptian).,
- in lenses of volcanic ash, below the Aptian anhydrites, gas and conden
sate at 2129 m in PUACA well on the Cabo Ledo uplift*

- in sandstone and conglomerates of Cuvo-Calucala Formation, oil produc

tion in Cacuaco and good" oil shows in the Morro Lisso wello

i:L) Aptian and Albian (Middle Unit)

- oil production from Binga Limestone in TOBIAS, GALINDA, BLNFICA,
MULE1TOUS ^r.d UACONGO oilfields- ;

- in the Catumbela Formation, oil production in the LUANDA oilfield

(one well) and oil shows in Cacoba and Zango exploratory wells*
Quissonda Formation, two producing oil wells in the Luanda field.

iii) Upper Cretaceous - Tertiary (Upper Unit)

- Cabo Ledo and Itombe formations proved to contain noncommercial
oil in the fractured shales of the well MORRO LISSO 1.

1 --Rio Dando Formation has free oil "in situ" in the black shales
area north of Cacuaco '

- The Eocene fractured shales of the Gratidao and .C.unga Formations,

produced oil at non commerc: al lates in the Luanda and =.Cacuaco
oilfields?

- Quinfangonda Formation (Lower Miocene), is oil producing in the

.Quenguela-North field, . . _ .

Asphalt rocks and asphalt indices :,:

Numerous asphalt shows in the exploratory drilled wells were encountered

practically in all the porous formations of the basinn

7r . Outcrops of. asphalt rocks.,are. reported: ; .

~ LIBONGO and CAXITES, where the Aptian asphaltic dolomitized limestones,

fractured, contain 1O^1''2 percent asphalt on a pay of ^O-7Om$ the
 e/cn.14/EP/60
Page 7

reserves are estimated at 500 millions.tons* ' :> '" .-''

- CALUCALAj arenaceous basal conglomerates with 12-16 per cent asphalt
over a pay zone of about 150 metres,

- MIUA DO BRANCO, the asphalt is contained.in the basal series

- MUSSEIRA, a'large deposit of asphaltic sands,

- MOS2JOLO, PORTO AMBOIN, SAO .IAGO and CGIUA wh re the_asphaltic indices

are'associated with the limestones.and the shales of the Upper
Cretaceous Unit. .

32.2. CabinCa Basin

As enclave between Zaire and the People's Republic of the ..Congo,_ Cabinda
is from the geological point of view the 'central part of a major* coastal basin
extended from Mayoumba (Southern Gabon) to Ponta da Mussera (Northern Angola).
According to the territorial boundaries, the segments i of the major..-CongoV..,Zaire
basin are named (from North to South):

Pointe-Noire Basin - territory of People1s.Republic of

"'; ' the Congo
Cabrnda Basin territory of the Angolese enclave

2aire River Bc.sin - territory of Zaire

South Zaire Barin - territory of North-AngSla,

Very few geological informations were published regarding the structure and
stratigraphy of the basin. '

It is believed that the stratigraphic column in. the deeper part of the Basin
is similar to those of Gabon and Congo,"which are characterised by Presaliferous
formations mostly detritical, covering the basement, the Evaporitic series
represented by, a-cyclic alternation of salt-.'rocks- and potash layers with anhydrite
at the top, and the Post-Aptian formations consisting of carbonates, sands,
sandstones and argillites of Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary agea^lThe'.itiiickness -of
the Evaporites series is reduced and the structure is not influenced by strong
halokineticdefdrma'tionsTas in Gabon or Cuanza* . :..- i . -.

Except for two small oilfields ant" one gas field discovered in the onshore,
the prolific oil producing areas are located in the .o^shoxe..-.extensioh of the
Cabinda Basin0 ,- .

There, the" oil was. found at shallow depth- (lJ^iO - 2^Q<J"f%) in the Upper
Cretaceous sands" and below'6000 fV in the deep reservoirs (LUCULA and TOCA) of
Lower Cretaceous formati'dns, " - -* '"' "~

Semi-fluid asphalt,:jshows are well known at BUGU,, ZX> ..tdiere a small asphalt
lake is formed over an area of seven hectares*

32o3 Lower Zaire River Basin .' ... _.'.:. .:..K:~...

The stratigraphy is known from the outcrops of the Cretaceous and. tertiary
rocks as follows:
e/cn.14/EP/60
Page 8

. Musserra Formation Albian-Cenomanian age, thickness 60 m, sands and variegated

argillaceous strata interbedded with dolomites, continental and lagoonar
deposits.

Quilitla,^ Formation; ConiQcin.^uronian age; thickness +150 m, arenaceous

and calcareous deposits.

Quissamba formation; Santo-nian-Mae^trichtian; thicknrss +100 m, shales and

silty argillites with thin phosphorite beds.

Ambrizette Formation; Paleocer.e-Eocene;littoral deposits composed of silt,

marls and coquinoidal limestones followed by shales and Foraminiferal
limestones*

Quinzau-Quimbriz Formation;. 01iKocene-Miocene;gypsiferous- olaye interbedded

calcarenites and fossiliferous grey shales.

Quello Sands; Plio-Pleistocene;C + 120 m, deltaic and continental sandso

Oil has been discovered in the Upper Cretaceous reservoirs at CABECA DA
COBRA: PIKDA, QUIHGUILA and NEW ZOMBO.

Asphalt impregnations were found in the basal Senonian series covering the
granitic basement at N'GOKDA ( a small lake) and at QUELO in the Plio-Pleistocene
sands

324 Lobito Basin

Lobito or BenguelaCuio Basin is, a very narrow belt of sedimentary rocks

(maximum 25 km vidth) along the coast in the southern prolongation of the Cuanza
basin*

The stratigraphical column is shown in figure 6.-

Hcr exploratory wells have yet been drilled and it is generally accepted that..
the offshore extension is much more attractive than the onshore area.

325 Magamedes Basin :

The Tertiary and Cretaceous formation filling this basin occupy a lQng strip
in N-S direction with maximum width 40 kilometers and the following succession:

APTIAN-ALBIAN Lower Saliferous Complex - Sandstones, shales and marls with

lenticular or interbedded gypsum.
Upper Saliferous Complex - dolomitized limestones with
cone??^io,nary silica and oxide mineralisation.
Continental deposits - coarse conglomerate.

ALBIAN : Marine deposits - Sandstone and fossilxferous sandy

limestoneso

CENOMANIAN(?) Maricfuites Conglomerate .... , - >

U, CEHOMANIAN-
TURONI/-K" : Marine limestone and sandy limestones

SANTCHIA1T: Lava flows

 E/CN.I4/EP/6O
Page 9

MAESTRICHT -
Lo EOCENE : Saco Formation - grey gypsiferous argillites

M EOCENE : Gapalula-and Vinpongos Conglomerates -

L. MIOCENE : Shales and-limestones

PLIOCENE : Catrona Conglomerate

Lava flows

PLEISTOCENE : Chalunga Conglomerate '"

--No-exploratory wells have been drilled;-no surface oil shows.

4^-COMPANIES AND CONCESSIONS ........ ....

" /f.lo The Petroleum companies operating in Angola are:

" ""PETRANGOL. (Corapanhia de Petroleos de Angola)
establisheii in 1957 as affiliated of "Petrofina" - a Belgian group which holds
55 per cent of the capital, the Portuguese Government having also 33 per cent
of the shares. The profit of the* company according to the agreement sigttedjLn
1965 is shared 5^-50 by Petrofina and the Government.

The activities of the company: prospection, exploration and production in

the Cuanza and South-Zaire basins in joint-venture with ANGOL; sole owner of
the Luanda refinery; distribution of petroleum products in Angola.

* A^G/GL(Sociedade Portuguesa de Exploracao de Petroleos)

ail affiliated of SACOR, a major Portuguese refining company, holds a concession
for prospe'ction, exploration and production in the South-Zaire basin, Ambriz
area and the Cuanza basin, jointly with PETRANGOL, TEXACO or TOTAL.
*-'

The company distributes refined products, LPG and lubricants throughout

Angola and has the right, granted by the Government, to build and operate a
. refinery.in Lobito.

.- OABIHOA GULF OIL CORP.. a subsidiary of Gulf Oil Company USA, holder of 100
per 6&nt of the shares. The company holds an exclusive concession in the cabinda
enclave and is the major oil producer of the country. i;

ARGO PETROLEUM PORTUGUESE,, subsidiary of the American company "Argo Petroleum

Company" .holds a permit covering 3,125,000 acres for the exploration and exploita
tion of hydrocarbons, onshore and offshore, in 5 zones of Angola: Novo Kedondo,
Benguela, Santa Marta, Macamedes and Porto Alexandre.

TOTAL- Compagnie africaine des petroles, affiliate of the Compagnie frangaise

du petrole, hold's a 50 per cent interest in a 23,000 sq. kilometre concession in
the Ambriz and Cuanza basins.

- TEXACO -PETROLS OF ANGOLA, subsidiary of Texaco, USA holds a 50 per cent

interest in a permit in the South Zaire basin.
e/ch*14/ep/6o
Page 10

4.2* The last position of the oil-concessions in .Angola, compiled from various
sources, at mid-1972 is shown in the graphic annexes Nos. 2, 3/ 4i as well as
in the following table: *

Basin and Area Concession holder Approx. Surface

in sq. km

Onshore Cabinda Gulf oil 3*800

CABINDA
Offshore Cabinda Gulf oil 7,200

Onshore ARGO 1,533

SOUTH ZAIRF ANOOL + FETR/'WIOL
Offshore ANGOL + PETRANGOL 4,837
ANGOL + TEXACO 3,450
AMBRIZ Onshore + Offshore ANGOL + TOTAL 7.000
"- -
Onshore PETRANGOL + ANGOL 9,627
CUANZA ANGOL + TOTAL 15,300
Offshore L PETRANGOL + ANGOL 10,241
BENGUELA"\ ' Offshore + Onshore - i.RGO.
10,656
MACAMEDES Offshore + Onshore ARGO.

The last changements occurred in the second half of 1972:

- Cabinda Gulf oil relinquished all its onshore acreage in Cabinda.

- Angol/Total submitted proposals for the relinqiushment of 50 per cent
of its onshore rights and 25 per cent of its rights offshore,

5 Petroleum Exploration Activity

51 History :.

Encouraged by reports of asphalt occurrences in Cuanza and South Zaire basins,

the first concessions were taken out in 1910. The group of CANHA and FORMIGAL
star-feed the drilling of shallow wells in the Cuanza basin (8 wells) followed by
Sinclair (USA) which since 1917i for a period of more than 20 years has held
exclusive exploration rights in Angola.

The Angolese subsidiary of Sinclair has drilled 9 shallow wells in the South-
Zaire basin, in the vicinity of N?Gondo asphalt lake, 16 shallow wells "and' 3-
medium depth wells in the Cuanza basin, without notable success, (they found
uncommercial oil shows in the majority of the wells drilled)1. Sinclair withdrew
from Angola in 1938*

A more,intensive programme began in 1952 conducted by Petrofinarand its

affiliate Purfina: and Petrangol; systematic geological field surveys, gravity and
seismic surveys, structural drilling followed by test drilling led to the first
commercial discovery at Benfica, in the Cuanza basin in 1955? followed by Luanda
(1956)> Cacuacp (1958) Galinda (1959) Tobias (l96~l), ..Uaoongo. (.1961)>..&lenvos
(1966), Quenguela North (1967)1 Legua (1972), Bento (1972), In Cabinda enclave,
the Gulf Oil Company was granted exclusive exploration rights in 1957; they
 e/cn.14/EP/60
Page 11

discovered the prolific oilfields Malongo in 1966, continuously developed till

1972. ; _ ;

The exploratory drilling in Lower-Zaire Basin started by "ANGOL and PETRANGOL

in 1966, led to the discovery of the'oilfield Gabeca da Cobra in 1969 and two more
oilfields,' QuiijguiU* (l972)"and:Uew Zombo in 1973.

-out -- _....-:- ..;....

The period I9I0 - 1938 was not accurately reported, therefore it is difficult
to assess the footage of the 24 shallow depth wells and 3 medium depth wells
drilled in Cuanza basin and of the 9 shallow depth wells drilled in the South-
Zaire Basin.

Since 1952, the geological and geophysical surveys as well as the structural
drilling and the exploratory drilling carried out in Angola are shown in tables 1
and 2.

The volume of surface geological surveys combined with gravity and seismic
survey and structural drilling in the preparatory phase ("predrilling") of the
deep test drilling carried out during the 1951-1971 period is remarkable.

- 175 party/months of geological field survey

- 71.4 party/months of gravity survey
- 3644 party/months of seismic survey
- more than 33 party/months of structural drilling tabulating more
than 230,000 ft.

During the 1952 - 1971 period, the total number of exploratory wells drilled
were 257, totalling I,795i543 ft. (547*282 m) with an average depth of- 2130 m.
From 257 exploratory wells completed during the period 1952-1971 46 proved
to be oil producing, 5 were gas-wells and 201 were abandoned as dry. wells. The
global success ratio is 51 approx. 20 per cent.

A detailed description of all the exploratory wells drilled in each sedimentary

basin is given in tables 3*6.
A summary if the above-mentioned tables is given below: :_.

Cuanza Basin - onshore = 95 exploratory wells- drilled

during the period 1952-1971

Cuanza Basin - offshore = 2 exploratory wells drilled

Cabinda Basin - onshore ='"77 exploratory'wellsnurilled

- offshore = 65 exploratory wells drilled

Lower-Zaire basin - onshore = 15 exploratory wells drilled

- offshore 3 exploratory wells drilled

Total - onshore 187

- offshore =70 . - -
Page 12

53 Oil and gas discoveries

During the 1955 - 1973 period the following discoveries of oil and gas
deposits were made- in Angola: . :

Oilfields in Cuanza Basin Gasfield in Cuanza Basin

BENFICA (lr(?5) PUEGA (1964)

LUAKDA (1956)
CACUACO (1958)
GALDTOA (1959)
TOBIAS (I9fl)
MULENVOS (1966)
QUENGUELA-NORTH (1967)
BEMTO (1972)
LEGUA (1972)
Oilfields in Cabinda Basin Gasfields in Cabinda Basin

offshore: offshore:

MALONGO-NORTH (1966) 119/1 (1971)

MALONGO-SCUTH (1966)
MALONGO-WEST (1969)

95/3 (1969)
121/2 (1971)
onshore
44/1 (1971) 123/5'(1968)
117/1 (1972)
onshore:

37/1 (1968)

Oilfields in South-Zaire River Basin-

Pinda 1966 - non-commercial (?)

Cabeca da Cobra (1969)

Quinguila (1972)

' Hew Zoraba (1973) .. , .;.;.... .. _

5<.4" Oil and gas reserves discovered

According to the latest information available, the recoverable oil and gas
reserves at 1 Janc 1973 were:
 e/cn. 14/EP/60
Page 13

Oil reserves:

Cabinda offshore**. 152 million tons

Cabinda onshore.***.** 1 million tons

Cuanza onshore..*.5-2 million tons

South Zaire onshore*........ 1 million tons

Total oil reserves..*.* 159*2 million tons

Gas reserves: * 283 billion m ;

: (1,000 billion cu.f.t.)..
Taking into consideration the cumulative production of>25454 million tons
of crude oil extracted, the total volume of original recoverable oil reserves
discovered amounts to 184*7 million tons with the following'ecdnomic indices:
Recoverable oil reserves per exploratory well drilled: ;

= 719.000 t/well
Recoverable oil reserves per exploratory metre drilled
184,700,000 - ./
547,282 - 337 */"
5*5 Asphalt rock reserves

The proven reserves of asphalt rocks being exploited in the LibongoCaxite

are estimated at 500 million tons*

6 Appraisal and development drilling

In tfrble 2 is shown the detailed annual evolution of the appraisal and

development drilling by the discovery of the first commercial oilfield in 1955*

During the period 1955-1971, the total number of development wells'dfilled

in Angola was 214"out of which I63 wells were completed as oil producing with a
success-ratio of approximately 80 per cent*

For the same period, total development drilling represents 1,117,289 ft or

:34O,55 metres with the average depth of 1591 m or 5,220 ft;.per well*

In 1972 development and appraisal drilling was carried out on the following
oilfields*

Malongo (Cabinda) 23,65! ft or 7,211 m

120 field (Cabinda).... 8,848 ft or 2y697 m "-' r- - * *

Quenguela Norte. 38,205 ft or 11,645 m * ''

Legua ................. 10,144 f"t or 3iO92 m

Cabeca da Cobra 22,632 ft or 6,898. m

: Quinguila...* HO47 ft or 3367 m .

Quiluma 12,510 ft or 3#8l3 m

:. . Total 126,524 ft or 38,723 m

e/cn.14/EP/60
Page 14

7. Hydrocarbon production

7.1 Oil rroduction ,,.,.,*..

The first year in which Angola began to^produce oil was 1955 when the Benfica
oilfield was brought into production- During the period 1955 - 1967, all the
crude oil production was obtained from Suanza-Basin's-eilfields, with the peak
reached in 1964 when a volume of 904,757 tons was^recovered.

Since 1968 when the Cabinda oilfields were brought^into production, oil
production of Angola is increasing tremendously year by year:

1968...... Cabinda = 191,945 t Total Angola = 749*500 t

1969...... Cabinda =1,703,893 t Total Angola = 2,457,000 t

- I97O Cabinda =4,280,481 t Total Angola - 5,065,105 t
1971 Cabinda =4,985,685 t Total Angola = 5t721,000 t
1972 Cabinda =6,300,000 t Total Angola = 6,900,000 t
On account of the favourable results of the exploratory drilling in 1972
and of the high volume energy reserves in Cabinda, it is expected that the
crude oil production will reach a minimum of. 3,0 million tons/year in 1975*

7.2. Gas production

The associated gas produced with the crude oil in: .1971 amounts to 1,092
million' v? or 38,569 million cu ft ^with the Gas Oil Ratio (GoO.Ro) averaging
191 m /ton or 933 cu-ft /barrel.
The evolution of oil production and gas.production.^ year by year is shown
in table 8* ...

7*3* Asphalt production

The production of asphalt rocks obtained from the Libongo-Caxites mines has
been;
1962 35,949 t. 1966.... 29*916 t 1970 36,956 t.

1963 42|495 t. 1967.0.. 27,043 t 1971-... 56,103 t.

1964..... n.a0 1968.... 30,603 t
1965 22,872 t. 1969.. 39,284 t

7.4. Description of the producing oilfields

7.4.I. BENFICA

Benfica is the first commercial oilfield discovered in Angola, in 1955, a-t

40 km south-south-west of Luanda in the Cuaxiza Basine ..*...--..

The geological structure is an elongated denial-anticline related to a residual

salt-uplift. The producing area of about 6-, 5 s^o kmis located on the central
flat part of the anticline which is separated by*longiiudinai faults from the
steep-dipping flanks. ...,.......,,

The stratigraphic succession encountered in the discovery well (Benfica

No. 2) has been; ~ '
/
: 1 - / . a.
 E/CN.14/EP/6O
Page 15

Miocene =617 m; Eocene - 145 m Upper Cretaceous = 500 m;

Upp* Albian=392 m; Lt Albian --- 914^; Binga Formation. = 223 m: Aptian Evapo-^
rites = 400 m? Cuvo'Formation = 196 m

The oil of 275 API specific gravity was.found at a depth of 25OO - 265O m
in the fractured dolomitic limestone of the Pinga Formation- called aloe "Benfica
Limestone".

The commercial production from the reservoir which had a.primary, porosity uf
only 2 3 pei'cent and zeropermeability was obtained onl,y after several acid
treatments and hydrofrac operation*

The oilfield was brought into production in 1957 and reached the peak of
production in 196*0 (about 275*637 bis/year).
Of 14 development wells totalling 35t5O m drilled during the period 1955-1959*
only r8. .were producing 6 being abandoned as dry*

At 1 July I971 only one well was still producing in the field about 103 bis/day.
The cumulative oil production registered was 1,576)529'bis., at the same date.

Small oilfield discovered near Luanda town in

The main producing horizon was a fractured limestone of Lower Albian age*
(Cabo Ledo Formation) at 1715 metres',- from which'the discovery veil flowed after an
acidizingjob at a rate of about 230-bls/day-with an initial reservoir-pressure
of I85 kg/cm n . . ......
A second low-Frducing reservoir was found in the fractured silty shales ;of ;
the Eocene at a depth of about 800 -900 metres,- three wells producing 14 bis/day
each were drilled. , _:r/-,: . : ,

The field was developed-during 1957 -! 1958 by 12 development wells drilled

to an average depth of 1900m (6 wells were dry and 6 were producing); the mayiina.1
output was obtained in 1958 when 144|843 ^ls were produced then the production
of the field declined to the present output of 10,000 - 15,000 bis/year from two
producing wells - - ' "-1 -' '

7.4.3* CACUACO ...... '

1 The only oilfield producing from Prc-Aptian (Cuvo Calucala"Formation),

discovered in 1958
The discovery well Cacuaco - No 2 produced from the sandstone and conglomerate
formation covering the granitic basement about 200 b/day of 23 API oil from the
internal 2442 - 2457m through a 1/4." choke*. . -.._,- , - .
Out of eight development wells drilled from 1959 to 1966 to an average depth
of 2100m, only two gave some oil and 6 were abandoned as dry.
A non-commercial flow of" oil after stimulation treatment was also obtained
from } ocene fractured marls at a deptii of 240 m The cumulative production of
the field is insignificant, less than r>0T000 bis; at 1 July 1971 only one well
was still producing

/ * *
e/cn.14/EP/60
Page 16

Oil was discovered on the Galinda structure in 1959 -' .? gentle anticline asso
ciated with nonpiercement domal sal"1;- - m a fractured limestone reservoir. The
discovery well, Galinda No0 27 yielded initially 314 b/day from a depth 01 about
1950 m through a l/8" choke*
Five develcpment wells with an ave: ^ge depth of 2100 have been drilled;
only two wells have been successful

At 1 July 1971 a single well was still producing 87 bis/day of 3O5 AP~: crude
oil.
The currulativj production at the same date was 2nO51?^25 bis,

7*4-5 TOBIAS

Discovered in I96I by the exploratory well Tobias No 2 which started to pro

duce 620 bis/day of crude oil of 31 API specific gravity, Tobias was the 'major
oilfield in the Cuanza basin*

The oilfield is located on the central elongated area of a non-intrusive salt-

anticline* The oil producing zone at an average depth of 730 m conaists tf
about 100 metres of oolitic sandy limestone and. fine crystalline limestone highly
fracturedj of the Binga Formation (Aptian age)o

The oil column in the pool was 350 m high, the porosity of. the matrix of
the reservoir 4-12 per cent and the initial pressure 67 atm

Out of 13 development wells drilled during the period 196119631 8 were

producingr

The oilfield reached an amount of 18,000 b/day? in 1962, then declined contin
uously^ now, the three remaining producing wells give less than 600 bls/dayo The
comulative production up to 1 July 1971 represented 27? 685,766 bls

746. UACOKGO

Small oilfield discovered in the Binga Formation in 1961, on a geological

structure similar !:o that of Benficar 15 km south of it* The discovery well
Uacongo No<>5 prciuced i-iitially 130 bis/lay of oil through a 3/8" choke from a
section of only 1^20 m of fractured dolomitee After the. drilling of three
development wells out of which only one was producing, tJie field was temporarily
werked when abandoned.

7*4*7 . MULENVOS

Oilfield discovered in 1966 by the exploratory, well loilenvos Ho. 3f20 km south
of Luanda fields

The discovery well yielded 1500 b/day oil of 24 APIfrom Albian reservoirs
(Catumbela and Cacoba Formations) at a depth of 1775 - 1820 metres* Another
producing zone was discovered in the Binga Formation of Aptian agen

At 1 July 1972, the cumulative production registered was 2,338,669 bis, the
field yielding an average output of 900 b/day from 8 producing wellso

/ a cn
 E/CN.14/EP/60
Page 17

7.4-8- QUEHGUELA NORTH

Quenguela is the first oilfield in the Cuanza basin to produce from the
Miocene sandstone, discovered in 1967 when the first exploratory well QN-1 located
on a seismic structure - blew out while drilling at 1917 m in Lower Miocene*

Three main oil-producing zones (AfB and C) were"established from a depth of

1380 m to 1920111; on the crest of a "turtle-shape" anticline located in a big
Tertiary- trough which is about 90 km long North-South and 15 km wide East-West,

Drilling in this trough indicated a very thick Tertiary terrigenous section

(3000 m) directly overlying a thin layer of salt (0-10m). On the eastern and
western sides, the trough is limited by two major faulting zones related to
piercement salt structures.

The oil bearing area is of oval-shape, intensively faulted 3 km wide and a

maximum of 10 km in length.

The porosity of the oil producing sands of.silty-argillaceous type is 21-24

per cent and the effective permeability averages-37 darcys; the oil produced
averages 315 API specific gravity (O.87O kg/dm ).
The field was fully developed at the end of 1971| yielding an average of 936O
b/day from 33 producing wells, the cumulative oil produced up to 1 July 1972 was
147546T75O bis. During the last year recorded, 1971-1972, the high declining rate-
about 18 per cent-of the oil production should be mentioned.

7o4.9. MALONGO OILFIELDS

Malongo comprises a group of several oilfields in the Cabinda offshore, .

located some 25 km northwest of the town of Cabinda, in shallow waters (10 - 20 m
in depth)o The oilfields contain multiple oil saturated reservoirs a% depths
ranging from 390 m to 2550 m. The analysis of the crude produced indicate a high
quality crude oil of 23 - 36 API sp. gravity and a very low sulphur dontent.
There are three main oilfields: Malongo North, Malongo South and Malongo West,

Malongo North, discovered in 1966 by the Bl exploratory well is the first and
the main producing oilfield. There are two producing zones: (i) the shallow
depth zone, called the 73-1 field, at 450 m with a heavy oil and production rate
usually ofr 600. - 900 bopd/well (ii) the deeper with a lighter waxing oil (about
36 API) and higher production rates of about 5,000 bopd/well. : :
During the period 1968-1970, 47 development wells of shallow depth and $ deep
development wells were drilled totalling approximately 42,000 metres.

Cumulative -oil production rose to 58,728,240 bis by the end of June 1972
when about 46 wells were still producing with an average of more than 1000 bopd/well.
Malongo South comprises only oil producing zones at shallow depths ranging
from 420 m to 480 metres. Discovered and developed during the same period as
Malongo North, the field yielded an average of 14*500 bopd during the first 6
months of 1972 from 25 producing wells.

Cumulative production up to 1 July 1972 was 24,695,561 bis.

A..
Fage 18

Malongo West - Discovered in 1969 and developed during the years 1970 and
1971, the field with oil zones ranging from 54O m to 25OO metres in depth reached
the-peak of production during the first half of 1972 (56,000 bis/day from 30
producing wells)o

7c4olO* Cabinda onshore oilfield 61-1

This is a txall oil accumulation d.scovered in the inland of Cabinda in

1968 'and exploited by only two wells, I'he oil zone is at 1800 m depth and the
cumulative production registered up to 1 July 1972 was about 551,000 barrels*

7*5,, Non producing oil and gasfields

The following oil and gas accumulations discovered in Angola are still at
an exploratory stageo

I-n -he Cabinda basin - Onshore: .. ,

Oilfields - 61/4; 37/1
Gasfields -- 123/5

Cabinda - Offshore

Oilfields - 44/1; 96/1; .95/5; 120/1

Gasfield -II9A

In North Angola (South of Zaire River):

Oilfields - PIHDA; CABECA DA COBRA; QUINGUILAjNEW ZOMBO

In the Cuanza Basin . . -...

Gasfield - PUECA

Oilfields - BENTO ' ,

8 Refinery

The main refinery in Angola was built in Luanda by PETRAMJOL - in 1958 .

with an initial capacity of 100,000 t/y ar, successively extended to 200,000 t/y .
(1959) 400,000 t/y (I960), 700,000 t/y (1962) and 1 million t/y in 1972.

Another small refinery is operated by the Cabinda Gulf Oil Company in Cabinda
with a capacity of 140,000 t/yeais
There is a*so a new project, appro--eu by the Government, to build a new
refinery in Lobito with a capacity of 06 - 1 million t/year.
The production of petroleum refinery products in Angola, during the period
1966 1970 was (in metric tons):
 E/CH.14/EP/60
Pag9 19

1966 1967 1968 1969 1970

Motor Spirit 60,116 55,880 65,882 61,697 56,118

Kerosene 7,041 7,313 8V254 7,518 17,716

Jet fuel 44,067 42,399 46,860 46,857 73,431

Gas oil + Diesel oil 13O:9O6 107,131 135,453 98,389 98,377

Fuel oil 341-389 362,624 354,443 389,266 391,679

Asphalt 10,689 7?578 11,286 10,685 13,499

In 1970 Angola used 291.623 tons of fuel oi?_, (in addition to 4,269,374 tons
of crude oil) and imported:

8 907 tons of motor spirj t

5 687 tons of kerosene
230 362 tons of gas oil and fuel oil
21 259 tons of lubricating oil
221 tons of paraffin wax
27 tons of petroleum jelly
31 tons of asphalt and bitumen*

(Source: "Statistical Summary of the Mineral Industry" Inst of Geological

Sciences -- London;

9* Domestic demands for refined products!

The total demand for refined products in Angola has been:

1960 1,626,000 bis, 1956 - 4,278,000 bis.

1961 -1,682-000 bis. 1967 - 3,870,000 bis.

1962 -2,402,000 bis, 1968 - 5,209,000 bis.

1963 -3,002,000 bis., 1969 - 4i3l6,00O bis.

1964 -3,613,000 bis. 1970 - 5;097,000 bis.

1965 -3,871-, 000 his,

The detailed specification of the refined products representing domestic demand

in 1970 was:
Gaso Gasoline 550,000 bis.
Kerosene and jet fuel 826,000 bis.
Distilate and fuel oil 2,453,000 bis.
Residual fuel oil 667?OOO bls3
Lubricants 143,000 blsc
Other refined products 175,000 bis.
Refinery fuel 283,000 bis.
 Table 1
Geological and Geophysical-Survey in Angola

Struc
Surface Photo Magnetic Gravity Seismic
Year tural Remarks
Geology Geology Survey Survey Survey
Drillifl

1951 - -" - - - - -

1952 18 - - 4 7

1953 19 - 12 14 -

1954 21 _ _
36

1955 12 __

36 ?

1956 3 -
- - 24 6 7 holes = 21,569ft.
str. drilling

1957 4 - - - 12 2 2 holes = 2,894 ft.

str. drilling

1958 11 3 _

19 _

1959 15 -
0.5 0.5 2k 1.5 30,000 ft. str. drl. in
Cabinda
i960 12 4 21.5 13 52,500 ft. str. drl. in
Caanza
66,678' str. drl. in Cab.

1951
" 114 - 3.5 20.5 193.5 22.5
I960

1961 4 _ _
10 .5 3 p/m str. drilling in Cab,
24 holes = 14,940 ft.
1962 1 - - - 4 4 str. drilling
Core dril. = 18,503 ft.
1963 x - - - 2 4 8 holes in Cacirabas area

1964 _ _ _

1965 - - - 8.5 2 3 4 holes=ll,821 ft. str. dr]

1966 2.0 6.5 _

1967 5 2 _

0.5 27 _

1968 9 3 1 5.2 35.3

1969 16 1 0.2 7.3 23.6

1970 7.5 _ _

11.9 26.7
1961
" 43.5 6 1.2 35.4 139.1 19
1970

1971 17.5 0.5 _

15.5 28.75 _

1972 8.0 _
7.5 21.5 -

Source: BAAPG
 Exploratory and development Table 2
drilling in Angola, (period 1951-1972)

Exploratory
y drilling"
g Development drilling Total drillingg
So. of wells/ootage No, of ^^1,:
Year ^ota e
OH ..Gas" Dry ..Total Oil-Cls Dry Total Oil gasDryTotjal

1,9*8
1<:53 17,637 3 1T,637 - - -'3
r% 69,934 - 4 4 69,934
1955 11,077 1 14,242 1 1 25,319
1956 "9*,519 "l 41,728 2 5 51,247 - 3
1957 36,545 5 6 81,1966 12 117,741
1958 3C;=754 3 4 39,376 3 -4 "7 70,130 7 H
1959 78,109 8 10 65,000 5 9 143,109 12 19
i960 128,773 11 11 22,535 1 - 3 4 151,308- U 15

384/316- -34" 40" 264,?77 if* - 20 38 6467393 24 - 54 78

190O

1961 ' 5^,998 2 '- 8 10 43,599 10 100-597 9 - H 20

1962 --4O;725-.-. ..-.. :.- .6 6. 17,691 5 58,416 2-9 H
1963'' 53,040 - -' 10 10 16,553 2 69,593 - - 12 12
1964 36,478 - 1 " 5 6 36,478 - 1 5 6
1965-4^,887 .-:-.-.':-./ 6.6 46,887 - 6
1SJ66 61,011 9 - 6 15 49,799 1 6 110,810 Id "- 11 ' 21
1967 119,431 5 - 19 24 119,644 12 17 239,075 17 - 24 41
1968 359~,Ti6 " '9"'l "45 55 195> 130 46 51 554,846 55 1 50 106
lj>6gu :2-53yffo-,-'----~5 - 26, 31 3.71,13144 47 .42^.884 49-1 28 78
1970 162,179-.. '7 2. 16 25 73,199 10 12 235,378 17 2 18 37

1961~1719O,218.' 37" 4 147 188 686,746 122 1 27 15C 1,876,964 159 5 174 33
1970 -7--- '
-1- 25. - 29-. 166,466 23 26: 387,475 26 1- 28
1972- 143,944' -: 10 15 126,524 15 19 270,988 20 - 14

Source. BAAPG.
Table 3 : Exploratory wells drilled in Angola. Cuanza Basin -
period 1951-1971

... .

inai -.- Hydro-

Date of .epth carb.
No. -Wei-* J.tr-r. Results presence Remarks

1 Santiago l-~ v 1953 7,785 Aband. Oil shows

2 Santiago 2 . 1953 . 5,423 Aband. Dry
3 Elele i 1953 4,773 Aband. Dry
4 Cacoba 1 3.1954 5,810 Aband. Oil shows Light oil
5 Cacoba 2 5.-1954 4,429 Aband. .Dry
6 Cacoba 3 6.1954 4.019 Aband. Dry
7 Silva Car- 12.1954 7,057
#
Aband. Oil shows Salt water
volho 1
8 Benfica 2 6.1955 11,077 Prod. Oil prod. Discovery well
9 Luanda 1 9.1956 9,519 Aband. Oil and Discovery well
gas
10 Luanda 2 1.1957 8,853 Prod. Oil Prod.
11 Morro da 6.1957 10,348
#
Aband. Oil shows
Cruz 1
12 Uacongo 1 11.1957 10,322 Aband. Dry
13 Zango 4 11.1957 10,981

Atfand. -Oil shows Redrilled as
dev. hole to
7,337 ft. in
1958 - abd
14 Cacuaco 1 11,1957 2,444 Aband. Oil shows Structural hole
15 Viana l 12.1957 2,450 Aband. Structural hole
16 Cacuaco 2 7.1958 8,160 Prod. Oil Discovery well
17 Longa 1 1958 10,006 Aband. Oil shows
18 Galinda 1 6.1959 11,320

Aband. Oil (DST) Non-commercial
oil prod.
19 Galinda 2 9.1959 7,280 Prod. Oil Discovery well
20 Bom Jesv s 1 10.1959 11,245

Prod. Oil Non-commercial
oil field
21 Bom Jesus 2 12.1959 8,385 Aband. Dry
22 Muxima 1 11.1959 8,085 Aband. Dry
23 Uacongo 2, 11.1959 8,335 Aband. Junked
24 Uacongo 2 12.1959 7,633 Aband. Dry
25 Cacoba 4 2.1960 8,042 Aband. Dry
26 Funda 1 7.1960 10,061 Aband. Dry . - ,i

27 Mongaichi 1 6.1960 8,887 Aband. Dry

28 Pitchi 1 8.1960 5,454 Aband. Dry
29 Tobias 1 9.1960 8,820 Aband. Oil shows
30 Uacongo 3 9.1960 10,080 Aband*
31 Tuenza 1 11,1960 111833 Aband.
32 Uacongo. 4 1961 10.039 Aband.
33 Banvo 1 3.1961 9.509 Aband. Oil shows Junked
 ge
Table 3 : Exploratory wells drilled in Angola. Cuanza Basin -
period T95i-i$71 (Oont'aj

Date of Final Hydro-

Comple- depth carob.
No. Well name. tion ft. Results presence' Remarks

bis Drilled as. de

34 Banvo lDXS 5.1961 9,788..,. Aband. Oil shows
viated hole.
Uacongo 5 3.1961 8,715 Prod. "Oil Discovery'well
35
36 Morro Liso 1 5-1961 8,981 Aband. * Oil shows
Morro Liso 2 6.1961 7,721 Aband. -Oil shows ;
37
38 Tobias 2 7.1961 2,216 Prod. -/Oil "". Discovery well
39 Cabo Ledo 1 5.1962 8,439 Aband. 'Oil shows
40 Cabo Ledo 2 8.1962 6,954 Aband. -Oil shows "
Kula 1 11.1962 10,375 Aband. Dry
41.
42 petroleo 1 12,1962 :8,800 Aband. 'Oil shows
Sao Bras 1 3,1963 9,7^2 Aband. -Oil shows
43
44 Pitchi 2 2.1963 11,820 Aband. Oil and gas Redrilled as dev.
hole to 8472

45 Cabo 2.1963
Ledo 3 7,639 Aband. Dry
46 Cacimbas 3.1963 3,936.
1 Aband. Oil shows
Cacimbas 2 3.1963 1,640 Aband. Dry
47
48 Cacimbas 3 4.1963 "1,968 Aband. r Oil shows
Cacimbas 4 5.1963 7,082 Aband. Dry
49
50 Cacimbas^ 5 9.1963 4,398 Aband, Dry
paca 1 11.1963 : 6,482 Aband. Dry
51
52, Puaca 1 10.1964 .7,123 Shut-in Gas & Con- Discovery well
- dens.

53 Puaca 2 7.1964 7,490 Aband. Dry

Puaca 3 11.1964 8,991 Aband. ! Dry
54
Oco 1 12.1964 4,598 Aband. '- Dry
55
Aband. Dry Side-track of CL-2
56 Cabo Ledo 12.1964 . 6,694
2 bis..
Sala 1 1.1965 5,931 Aband. " Dry
57
58 Lagostas 1 8.1965 7,098 Aband. Dry
Mulenvos 1 12.1965 10,801 Aband, Oil shows
59
Refinaria 1 12.1965 7,416 Aband. Dry
60
61 Tanda 1 6.1965 10,172 Aband. T Dry
62 Maximende 1 10.1965 10,765 Aband. Oil shows
Mulenvos 2 3.1966 8,870 Aband. Dry
63
5.1966 6,390 Prod, Oil Discovery well
64 Mulenvos 3
6,290 Aband. Oil shows Abd. after blow
65 Quengueia 1967
out
N-l
66 Quengueia 5.1968 10,122 Prod. Oil
N-l bis
3.1968 10,653 Prod. Oil Oil discovery
67 Quenguela
Q&e&guela 9.1968 8,9P5 Aband. " Dry
68
S-l
Table 3 Exploratory wells drilled in Angola Cuanta Basin -
period 1951-1971 (.Comt'd)

Data of Final Hydro-

Comple depth carb.
No Well name tion ft. Results presence Remarks

69 Quenguela 11.1968 10,264 Aband. Dry

S-2
70 Quenguela 11.1968 1,312 Aband. - Mechanical
1~Tiri"i]l"}"l P^

71 Quenguela 1*1969 3,626 Aband. Dry

S-3 b
72 CO-1 5.1969 8,388 Aband. Dry
73 Tombo 1 11.1969 9,416 Aband* Dry
74 Quenguela 12.1969 '8.209 Aband. --Dry
75 Muxate 1 7.1970 8,654 - Aband. Dry
76 Gunza 1 9.1970 10,407 Aband, - -Pry
77 Zango 1 bis 8.1970 4,621 -Aband. Dry
78 Capolo 1 11.1970 6,339 Ahand,.. Dry
79 M aculu- 12.1970 13,436 Aband.
ongo 1
80 CN-1 10,1970 4,351 _Abrand_
81 Calomboca l 6.1971 14,560 Aband.
82 Carimba 2 8.1971 6,166 ^Aband..
83 l^orro Liso 3 1.1971 9,550 Aband, Oil shows
84 Muxate 2 1.1971 8,409- Aband. Oil shows
85 Morro Liso 4 3.1971 8,957 Aband. Oil shows
86 Denda 1 5.1971 8*97^ Aband. Dry
87 Lumbondo 1 6.1971 7,828 Aband.
88 Funda 2 10.1971 9.,19-b Aband. Oil shows
89 Funda 3 12.1971" 9^596 Aband. oil shows
90 Cambage 1 3.1971 5,466 Aband. Oil shows
91 Chio 1 10.1970 10,095 Aband, Dry
92 Quembeje 1 12.1970 7?732 Aband. Dry
93 Praia 1 12.1969 9,728 Aband. Dry Offshore well
94 Sangano 1 3-1969 7.491 Aband. Dry Offshore well
Table 4
Onshore - p eriod 19 5^197J.
- - -

Date 'oh TTnaT"" Hydro-

-..- , - -.-.- Comple dep th carbB
No . Weil name tion ft, results presence Remarks

1 Ponta 11.1958 8,428 Abande Dry (No. 122-1)

Vermelha 1
2 Bucomazi i 6.1959 9,435 Aband. Oil shows (No. 86-1
3 Malembo 1 10.1959 . 81482 Abande Dry (No. 74-1
4 Malembo 2 12,1959 n.a, Aband. Dry (No. 74-2
5 Lucula 1 601960 6,245 Aband. (No. 42-1
6 Maconga 1 7,1960 5^912 Aband (No, 5.1-1
7 Mondjeno 1 8.1960 4f425 Aband. Oil shows (No. 76-1
8 Mondjeno 2 9^1960 3^883 Aband. Dry (No. 76-2
9 Tamba 1 10.1960 4,800 Aband. Oil (No.
shows 64-1
10 Cote 1 11.1960 3,403 Aband,. Dry (No. 63-1
11 Bonde 1 11.1960 3?350 Aband. Dry (No. 64-2
12 Lucula 2 12.1960 2,962 Aband. (No. 52-1
13 Mondjeno 3 10.1960 4,688 Aband. Oil shows (No. 76-3
14 Vongo 1 1.1961 1 f 141 Aband. Junlced (No. 77-1)
15 Von go 2.1961 3,158 Abando Gas shows
1 bis
16 Zila 1 3.1961 5,761 Aband. Dry (No. 76-4)
17 Lele l 7-1964 8,075 Aband. Oil shows (No. 123-1)
18 Inhobo 1 1965 n.a* Aband.
19 99-1 1967 no a Aband.
20 95-2 1967 n.a. Aband.
21 98-3 1967 n,a. Aband.
22 98-4 1967 n.a. Aband.
23 98-5 1967 n.a. Aband.
24 113-1 1967 n9a. Aband.
25 113-2 1967 n* a, Aband.
26 125-1 1967 n a. Aband.
27 109-1 1967 n.a. Aband.
28 109-2 2.1968 4,494 Aband. Dry
29 109-3 3.1968 11,610 Aband. Dry
30 61-1 5.1968 6?315 Prod. Oil Discovery well
(oil Jfield 61-1)
31 61-2 6,1968 7,387 Aband. Dry Deepcsned to
7,890 ft. in 1969
32 61-3 8.1968 6?546 Prod. Oil
33 61-4 11.1968 4:551 Prod. Oil Discovery well
(oil field 64-1)
 T3.bX_e xoJ_orato:t:y weJls drilled in Angola Cabinda Basin -
~~ Ons ^^??J'^"' -$*?} (Cont'd)
F.7J-_fl*V^i 'JC": '

" Date 6" Kinal Hydro-

Comple- d ep v.h carb.'
Mo- V/ell ti or ft, Results presence Remarks

"34 61--5 '1111968 6f95O Aband o Dry

35 615 12*1968 4,509 Prod. Oil
36 61-7 12,1968 5, 03.6 Aband, Dry
37 37-1 10c-1968 6,409 Susp. Oil Discovery well
38 37-2 12,1968 7,279 Susp Oil
39 3 7- 3 12.1968 6 ,221 l\u and, Dry
40 110-1 3.1968 3^500 Aband. Dry
h-j. 100-1 1967 Aband. Dry
42 1111 1,1968 '3,930 Aband, Dry
43 112-1 1,J968 4*500 Aband. Dry
44 122-2 1.1968 4.500 Ab and, Dry
45 122-3 9,1968 4;122 Aband. Dry
46 123-2 1.1958 4.49 5 Aband. Dry
47 123-3 2,1968 6,038 Aband. Dry
48 l?-3~4 5.1968 1,815 Aband. Dry
49~- 124-1 4,010 Aband, Dry
50 123-5 1 r. 196S 8,675 Susp. Gas Gas Discovery
51 20-3 9,19 58 5,905 Aband. Dry
52 8-1 , . 9.1963 1,348 AbandJ Dry
53 14-3. 9-1968 2,156 Aband* Dry
54 23-1 10,1958 3.186 Aband. Dry
55 2 ^-" 2 1Q:1?63 Aband.. Dry
56 38-1 12,1968 4,589 Aband, Dry
57 14-2 8.1968 3n478 Aband* Dry
58 74-3 3.1968 S533 Aband. Dry
59 74-4 3.1968 2,542 AbandP Dry
6C 7 4..-6 7.1958 Ab and. Dry
61 74-8 3*1969 lO.o^e Aband, Dry
62 75-1 7> r, ly o o 6,007 Aband Dry
o3 86-6 3.1963 2/775 Aband. Dry
64 87-1 3O1968 Aband. Dry
65 98-6 4.1968 3.. 746 At and., Dry
66 98-7 2.1958 31^00 Aband, Dry
67 6] -8 1.196? 4^850 Aband Dry
68 61-9 1.1969 4:937 Abando Dry
69 61-0.0 2.1969 6'914 Aband,, Dry
---.-,
62-1 2,1969 5; 528 Aband o Dry-
71 99-3 3.1969 61793 Abando Dry
72 101-1 3oi969 2; 768 Aband. Dry
73 20-4 4-1971 5,705 Aband. Dry
74 20-5 6,1971 5,054 Aband, Dry
75 109-4 8.-1971 7.108 Aband, Dry
76 111-2 97O47 Aband0 Dry
77 124-2 11,197:- 3.403 ^band. Dry
Table 5 : Exploratory wells drilled in Angola^Cabinda
Offshore - period 1^6*6-1971

, ,

frSte-Tri: FrrraT Hydro-

Comple depth carb.
No., Well No. tion ft. Results presence Remarks

1 El (96-1) 9.1966 7,373 Prod. . Oil , . Discovery well

2 Bl (73-1) 10.1966 3^619 Prod. ; Oil .}'.,; Discovery well
3 B2 11,1966 3,094 Prod. Oil ,:. -
4 B3 11.1966 1,906 . Prod. * Oil
5 B4 12.1966 1,93Q Prod, Oil
6 B5 12,1966 : 2*500 Prod. ; Oil
7 B6 12.1966 Aband._ . Dry
8 B7 12.1966 , 2 |*5il Prod. Oil
9 B8 1.1967: << 2,515 Prod. Oil
10 Cl 11.1966- : 3,000 Aband. Dry
11 Gl 10.1966": ~ ~ 8 , 870 Aband.' Dry
12 59-1 1967 : n.a. Aband. Dry
13 59-2 1967 n.a. Aband. Dry
14 59-3 1967 n.a. Aband. Dry
15 60-1 1967 n.a. Aband. Dry
16 60-2 1967 n.a. Aband, Dry
17 60-3 1967 n.a. Aband. Dry
18 72-2 1967 n.a. Aband.; Oil (?)
19 72-3 1967 . n.a. Aband. Dry . . -:
20 72-4 - 1967 n.a. 8 Prod. Oil \:
21 36-1 1967 n.a. Aband. pry
22 84-1 1967 n.a. Prod. Oil : Discovery well
23 84-2 2.1968 9,252 Aband. [ Dry
24 95-1 3.1968 11,691 Aband. Dry
25 95-2 12.1968 13,748 Aband. Dry
26 96-2 10.1968 4,209 Aband. Dry
27 96-3 12.1968 4,506 Aband. Dry
28 59-4 4.1968 1,991 Aband, Dry
29 59-5 4.1968 2,334 Aband. Dry
30 60-4 3.1968 2,200 Aband. Dry
31 60-6 8.1968 9,734 Aband. Dry
32 73-15 6.1968 10,055 Prod. Oil
33 133-1 4.1968 12,863 Aband. Dry
34 128-1 6.1968 11,648 Aband. Dry
35 59-7 5.1969 2,123 Aband. Dry
36 59-8 5.1969 9 } 341 Aband. Dry
37 72-9 2.1969 6,911 Prod. Oil
38 72-18 3.1969 7,365 Prod. Oil
39 72-24 5.1969 3,113 Aband. Dry
40 72-25 7.1969 7,572 Aband. Dry
41 72-25 5.1969 8,730 Prod. Oil
Table 5 :
period 1966-19/l( CI

Date ok' Final ' Hydro

Compl-e- depth carb..
..,__ Results _ .

42 95-3 2.1969 13,143 Prod. Oil Discovery well

43 138-1 4.1969 13,035 Aband. Dry-
44 92-1 8.1969 14,503 Aband.- Dry
45 129-1 6.1969 11,997 Aband.: Dry
46 45-1 9-1969 13,968 Aband. Dry
47 83-1 10.1969 10,030 Aband.- Dry
48 128-2 12.1969 12,675, Aband.' Dry
49 128-3 4,1970 11,900 Aban<l.-. Dry
50 128-4 5-1970 10,000 Aband.: Dry
51 73-48 1.1970 2,189 Prod. -. Oil
52 72-33 2.1970 7,"980 Prod. -. Oil
53 72-34 2.1970 3,aoo Pro-d.* Oil
54 72-35 7.1970 7,-250 Prod.- Oil
55 84-7 6.1970 8,251 Prod. Oil
56 84-8 11.1970 8,155 Pro^L1 Oil
57 84-11 12.1970 8,081 Prod.- Oil
58 60-7 2.1971 9,111 Aband*. Dry
59 60-8 3.1971 2fO00 Prod.- Oil
60 73-49 4.1971 '241 Aband". Junked
61 119-1 5.1971 13,268 Susp. Gas Discovery well
62 121-2 5.1971' 12,448 Prod.* Oil Discovery veil
63 94-1 10.1971 13,525 Aband-; Dry
64 57-1 12.1971- 9,697 Aband.* Dry
65 44-1 12.1971 9,754 Prod. -. oil
Table 6 : Exploratory wells drilled in North-Angola,
South-Zaire Basin -- period 1966-1971

""DiTte oT "Final" " Hydro- '

Comple- depth carb,
No. Well Nam- tion ft. Results presence Remarks

1 Pinda 1 7.1966 7,903 Prod. Oil Non-commercial

discovery
2 Pinda 101 8.1966 1,906 Aband. Dry Core drilled hole
3 Cabeca da 12,1969 7,090 Prod- Oil Discovery well
Cobra l
4 Cabeca da 1.1970 4,462 Aband. Dry
Cobra 2
5 Cabeca da 2,1970 4,206 Aband. Dry
Cobra 3
6 LC-1 1969 5,061 Aband. Dry
7 QZ-1 6 1969 4J331 Aband. Dry
8 QZ-2 12 1970 4,185 Aband. Dry
9 MN-1 10 1969 11,342 Aband. Dry
10 Pampa 1 3 1970 7,991 Aband. Dry
11 Lussanga 1 1 1971 4E009 Aband. Oil shows
12 Ouelo 1 2 1971 4,004 Aband. Oil shows
13 Nenga 1 3 1971 4.879 Aband, Dry
14 Fuma-Fuma 1 4.1971 8^030 Aband. Oil syows
15 Chimacu- 7,1971 6O296 Aband. Dry
anga 1
16 Moita- 7.1970 11,6 36 Aband. Dry Offshore well
Seca l
17 Quiluma l 1.1971 12f500 Aband, Dry Offshore well
18 Ambriz 1 9.1971 6,952 Aband. Dry Offshore well
Table 7 : Date of the oilfields discovered in Angola

"NOT Of Average

wells prod.
Producing zones Proti. b/s/day/weil Cumulative
Oil at: j 6 production
Dis
Geological Sp.grav, Dril- 1^07'ilni- months at Io07 1971* or
covery Depth
(m) formation API led 1972 !tial of ::972jl.O7 1972**
No. Oilfield year

2600 Apt. (Binga) 27.5 15 450 1,576,529*

1 Benica 1955
Alb. (Cabo. 9 14 230 650,000* (est.)
2 Luanda 1956 800-1700
Ledo)
'Eocene
pre Ap^tian 23 10 200 ' 150,000* (est.)
3 Cacuaco 1958 _ 2440
'(Cuvo) 17 (44
1900-2100 Apt, (Binga 30*5 6 * 350 =2.051,525*
4 Galinda . 1959
15 1100 27.685.766*
5 Tobias 1961 7 30 Apto (Binga 30
Apt. (Binga ? 8 130 [ ;/ 60,000* (ost,)
6 Uacongo 1961 2000(?)
1750-1950 Apt, IBinga 23 12 8- 1500 ^34 2 338,669**
7 Mulonvos 1966
Alb, (cktum-
" bela)
MiocGnG 32 42 33 ; 00 14,546,740**
8 Quengu^la .1967 1380-1920
North Eocene
_ ? Non-commercial
9 Pinda 1966 2010 Apt, (Binga) 30 3
? 0 On devclopmont
10 Cabeza da 1969 1300 Crotacopus 40

Cobra
26-36 51 46 850- 1B.50 58,728,240**
11 Malongo- 1966 450-2550 Cretaceous,
5000
North
"23-26 26. 25 700 570 19,157,967**
12 Malongo- 1966: 42*0-480' 'CrGtaceoug
South
22-23 37 30 i:200 85O 24,695,561**
13 Malongo- ' 1969 54"0-250r) * Cretaceous
West
23-28 0 2 300 103 551,378**
14 Cabinda 1968 1320-1820 Cretaneous
61/1 .
'890 152,322^050**
Total
 Table 8'
. -

Oil production Gas production

remarks
Year ;

Us tons
cu. ft.

1955 : 511 70 ' - .

1956 59, 486 9, 000 M1y 878?

1957 71, 441 10, 000 25, 267, 740

1958 360, 118 51, 000 95, 731, 800

358, 110 51, 000 92, 000, 000
'- 1959
196O 481, 045 66, 800 104, 005, 000

J ;
1951 - 1960 11, 330, 710 187, 870 318, 882, 540

1961 ; 753, 873 104, 400 " 165, 046, 000

1962 3 399, 719 471 200 690, 136, 000

799 657 190, 136, 000

1963 5 793, 922

1964' 6 ,552 061 904 757 30 018 073

1965: 4 ,632 679 655 365 41 413 900

1966 4 ,549 498 631 ,319 70 123 000 .

1967 3 ,884 ,902 537 ,15- 22 594 171 i'

1968: ^
,384 ,293 749 ,500 184 ,909 ,000
Cabinda
Oil prod: 191, 945 tons

2,457 ,000' 766 ,017 ,000 -"- ; 1,703, 893 "

1969; 17 ,497 ,852
5,065 ,105 28,740 .393 ,000 -"- : 4,280, 481 "
1970 ,612 074

196I -. 1970 QQ ,060 ,873 12,375 30,875 ,073 ,144

41 ,356 ,148 5,721 ,000 38,569 ,000 , 000 -"- : 4,985, 685 tons
1971
6,900 ,000 38,907 ,000 ,000 -;t!- : 6,300, 000 "
1972 50 ,929 ,811

Sources: BAAPG oil and gas journal letroleum Press service.

 ANGOLA
PR of CONGO SEDIMENTARY BAS1N.5
otd

Railway

Airfield

District boundary

Limit of
. Sedimentary

f\ J \f/ )v'i" i;"(l j^

karoo Conftnenfa/
Basin

NAMIBIA
 Fie. 2.

CUAMZA BASIM

OILFIELDS and
CONCESSIONS
Scales

^ Gas -field
% Oil fcld
A Asphalt
Cohssjons'
Limit
 .3

CABIN DA

North amgola
Oiiji&lds
Concession Mab

il well
Gas well
Limit of

i. Unit / Concession,

G O L A

1 Cabinda gulf companv ;

2. Angol-texaco

3. petrangol-angol

-totau

5. ac&o petpoleum
J2C

(4--

Scale :
4/3.000.000

NAMIBIA

Fl3 **' CONCESSION MAP IN SOUTHERN

(?) ARGO PCTftOLEUM
 LITHOLOGY
Ciltaraoui eemantad tandatona
Gypuftrcmi jhalo ond und>t.
LUANDA
Globorotalio fohsi
Coqutnoid lima 9 ton? CACUACO
Shals, nit.,01.(1 coquinoid iimast
Giobigerinatello insueta Sondy hro UPPER QUIFANGONDO
Dor* orgliltta and londy argliilta
Globigerina dissimilis Dark ond gyp* ft rout argillita with thin LOWER QUIFANGONDO
inlarbadi of dolomite

MID-UP EOCENE
LOWER EOCENE
PALEOCENE Globoretaiia carenees
RIO DANDE

TEBA

N_GOLOME
Giobotruncana ventricosa
ITOMBE
O

CENOMANIAN Rotahpora CABO LEDO

Anomaiina berthelini Shol with mlrt>d( ul orgillocao

UPPER attona with
Coguinnd orgillacaoui limailan*
ALBIAN
Bioclgfic colcoranit* ood litnfona
CATUMBELA
Dolorait. and Anhydnt*
Dolomit*

Dalamit* and Anhyd'it*

DOLOMITiC TUENZA

ond Holile
ANHYDRITIC TUENZA
Dolomil* ond Anhydrtt*

Haiii* Anhydrita and Dalamltt SALIFEROUS TUENZA

Doio">>ta and dalomlllc
Oolitic Umaitone
opnie limit'on* so
Anhydnia 70

OUIANGA

MASSIVE SALT"

UPPER CUVO
LOWER CUVO
Vote an ic aih. Dolarttt, Boaolt IGNEOUS ROCKS
and BASEMENT COMPLEX

Fig. 5Strotig'aphic and iithologic column for the Cuanza basin

 A N G 0 L A F/<S. 6
BASSIN SEDIMENTAIRE OE BENGUELA
ECHELLE STRATfGRAPHIOUE
0-n
PLEISTOCENE $a6/es et conghmeroi*

es at/ fop

,.._/ marnes Sifteuaes o concretions

MIOCENE 3 coicoro-qre$vtjej d~u /ipe Sepfaria
125

CT t'1'I| Co/carrc a /t/fuer cf Forammiferes

: ____^1 riornes 6 tnfercohfions

OUOO-MIOCENE I I
250
Aforn*$ fyrpxiferes ocQncrefionsmkrogreseuses

' 1J

EOCENE ^ -=f /farnms e/ co/co/res morneux pfus oumans sil/ei/ies

5T5-

_1 _t^T -I-
SENONICN rtokifcrcalohons co/caro -yrcrs

CENOMANICN Calcoires ooJihyvet efpisofrhquei, marnei ef

soo SUPERIEUft

4lfernonee de couches dt grei rouqeorres.cofcaires,

aCnogiro ohsiponentis at de /its c/'orgi'/e rovge
625 CENOMANtEN 4.4-J,,*^. *;, .'.W
>' V :*i ':'Wi"'V*'fr'V r^i;;':'''iv'i^ij Couches cfcarer,mof conxo/idSs,Sfporeet par dvt
IHFERIEUK

Co/eaire eo/o/i'g&e o /$cfo&on&ifo onc

750 Iv. . iiT:
^g^r&T~?1~<?'th , , a.
~I ~~^ 1 "^-l.] - [ Z\ Coha're marneaxa Amfonitei (Pcrvmtfvtarta, efc.)
825* ifcj, Crustgces, efc.
i __['q , T^T? , I'o . ij '
1.000- i.i.i i ~r
' ' r
z 3 Caico/refin,suhiifhogrophictie,SonsmocrBfesiilei
.1.., ,J. , . I . ,,.i
1.125 I . l | l . .1. n[.:

yj-^ " Co/coire oo/ifiqve 6 /latmonites

ALBIEN 1 lj
1.375 m
Co/coire oo/i/igve
1.500.
8UPENIEUR 4^^r
1.625 Cofcoire do/omif/gae &nrna/r*,poreuJr

;-.-.K'.-:.--l.-.-.-.---'=.V:l:.. ::----.-I "TT^^ efa&m/fique e/gre'i confenonf

Ti.1r-;lL^.w4fe 0/ ek$ ffvih'rs
1.750 .:-- .1: - :--"y??r.vT-.%

4/ferrrarree de couches de ca/co/rv mom&t/x o

oTp/hoern
/names.

1.675
Coocb&s dacohoire mornet/X.tret dtirsrer
'' -!_" iil. 'i^. 7" *t ch/*Tl<t?s,separees fes t/tes drr (xtfrespar

2.000 - r'?:v.i^'."j." .Vi.""*!'"li,:."V.^'.'l-^f?.'-;y.-.:f Corrgfomvro/s W grei rouge areaction cafca/r

-tj / ~ovcfe$ cfe gre'i on?fcxsrm' gueffuet fossilesz
W^:vi^^'~'X -P-f- ''7~r^\ ti/ermea cape/o/,res/et ct'/tmrnonrfes fret mo/
2.125 -
-'^
">'.( Conserves, *fc.
ALSIEM
2-260 = _ 4/fernonce decaudtes de sobks */' <Ucouch**
wremcun o(- cengkrmerefs.
2.375 -
-."-:'?:;.-.'!'-*. ./''.'.?"A Ca/coire oo/ih'gue a d/gvcs, Soofaf cakaires
Soecetsionr air couches co/ca/res a P/so/odomye
phorafftyaepjrtn/t a/Arrnant ancc airs //h cfrmemci.
.-J^{ Co/co/'res bit

'v ' b ' v g' '? t' V p' 't'1 Qyp** Worries gypn'firas fifaraes soA/eaxes
2-9OO - APTIEN (?) r~ n , ,-=7^1 Co/corenifes Cono/omeroh.
V V V V t W ^

Gneisses, /figmofifas. Jt/tfffs, e/c.

SOCLE ANCIEN

6 After
/VETO