1.

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Drain cleaner

Water is a basic necessity of humans and all living beings. There is a plenty of water on earth
but that is not suitable for human use. Clean water is more important if used for some purpose.
The impurities present in water can cause hazardous and disease. As long as the draining
system is considered the function of the main drainage system is to collect, transport and dispose
of the water through an outfall or outlet. Impurities in drainage water can be only like empty
bottles, polythene bags, paper etc.
These impurities present in drainage water can cause blockage or the drainage system.
The drainage system can be cleaned time to time manually or such a system can be designed that
will automatically throw out wastages and will keep the water clean. This project is designed to
keep clean the drainage system and helps the smooth working of the system. This project
automatically cleans the water in the drainage system each time any wastage appears and this
form an efficient and easy way of cleaning the drainage system and preventing the blockage. It
also reduces labor and improves the quality of water that is cleaned. If the garbage are allowed
to flow the will end up flowing down to recreational beaches used for tourism purposes making
a scene not pleasurable to the eyes else these garbage flow to residential sites where they are burnt
in a way of getting rid of them, thereby causing climate change. The drainage systems are cleaned
when there is no water in them i.e. when it is not raining, but when it is raining the drainage
systems cannot be cleaned because of the harsh conditions of the rain which no one would
volunteer to endure to ensure garbage does not enter into the drainage system. In this project the
proposed concept is to replace the manual work in drainage cleaning by automated system. Now-
a-days even though automation plays a vital role in all industrial applications in the proper disposal
of sewages from industries and commercials are still a challenging task. Drainage pipes are using
for the disposal and unfortunately sometimes there may be loss of human life while cleaning the
blockages in the drainage pipes. To overcome this problem and to save human life we implement
a design.

Semi-Automatic Drainage Cleaning System proposed to overcome the real time problems. With
the continued expansion of industries, the problem of sewage water must be urgently resolved due
to the increasing sewage problems from industries of the surrounding environment. The waste and
gases produced from the industries are very harmful to human beings and to the environment.

Existing model: In existing drain cleaning system, we used the manual drain cleaning system
which requires more manual power sand it is difficult to clean properly. It is also not an automation
method. This is an era of semi-automation which replaces the manual power into machine power.

Proposed model: In this project, we proposed the model of fabrication of automatic drain cleaner
which replaces the drawbacks of existing draining system. Automatic drain cleaning system
consists of chain drive which acts as a conveyor to carry the waste particles from the drainage
system. It is operated by the motor which runs the chain drive. It also consists of wastage tank
which is used to store the drainage waste particles. The carrier is connected to the middle of the
chain drive which carries the waste particles and settled down in the storage tank. Apart from the
existing system this is continuous and automatic. It requires no man power.
The major objectives of the proposed work are, Design of mechanical drainer, taking into
account the various factors that might affect the functionality of the equipment. Fabrication of the
model and Assembling of the model carried out, and then process is studied and optimized for
effective semi-automatic drainer for sewage water treatment for floating materials. Wastewater is
defined as the flow of used water from homes, businesses, industries, commercial activities and
institutions which are subjected to the treatment plants by a carefully designed and engineered
network of pipes. This type of wastewater is classified and defined according to its sources of
origin. Typically, 200 to 500 liters of wastewater are generated for each person connected to the
system every day. The amount of flow handled by a treatment plant varies with the time of day
and with the months of the year. The processes reviewed here include both those that remove
pollutant dirt’s in wastewater and those that vanishes them. Using a wastewater treatment
technology that removes, rather than destroys, a pollutant will give a treatment remains. At
wastewater treatment plant, this flow is treated before it is allowed to be returned to the
environment. There are no holidays for wastewater treatment, and most plants operate 24 hours
every day of the week. Wastewater treatment plants works on critical point of the water cycle,
helping nature protects water from the excessive pollution. Most treatment plants have primary
treatment and secondary treatment. The main objective of this project to minimize or overcome
the problem which can face in manual machine. Also, increased the dumping rate of waste. And
help to operator do easily work. The purpose of selecting drain waste water cleaner machine is is
follow-
 Simplicity of Design and Control.
 This type of machine is easy to operate and less time consuming.
 Evaluate the effectiveness of alternative drainage design and operational practices, to
reduce nitrate-N losses from
 Drained agricultural lands.
 Assess the impact of various soil and crop management practices on reducing nitrate-N
loadings to subsurface drains.
 Assess the need for further research in other aspects of water quality from drained
agricultural lands, including the
 Emerging issues of pathogens and phosphorus from manure applications.
 Develop drainage guides and other extension materials, and work with state and federal
action agencies, to assist in
 Implementation of improved design and management practices for subsurface drainage
systems
Figure 1.1-Isometric view of Semi-automatic drain cleaner

Figure 1.2-Side view of Semi-automatic drain cleaner

1.2 Advantages
 These cleaners are easy cheapest way to fix drainage problems. Easy to operate as no
special skill is required.
 Reduction of labor oriented method of cleaning, thus upgrading dignity of labor.
 Light weight and easily portable. Requires nearly 230 volts ac of power supply.
 Large amount of garbage will collect which can be remanufacturable.
 Low-cost drain-off solution if drains already exist.
 Construction materials are often locally available.
 Creates employment (construction and maintenance)
 It is Portable

1.3 Applications of Machine

 It can be used in Municipality areas.
 It can be used to separate plastic, thermocol from sewage
 It can be used in plastic industries
 It is used almost in all types of drainage (Large, Small, and Medium).
 Project to use this in efficient way to control the disposal of wastages and with regular
filtration of wastages.
 Cleaning and maintenance of sewage lines drains of mechanical drainer.

1.4 Disadvantages
 Small vibration will occur.
 In order to avoid vibration, the machine should be properly foundation with the floor.
 1.5 Rural area open drainage cleaning system

Figure 1.3-Cleaning system in rural area

In the above figure, we are seeing this drainage cleaning system in rural area in India. In this
system, Cleaning of drains/gutters has always been a problem. Labors cleaning gutters & drain
seems unethical and also leads to a high risk of them catching infections or poisoning due to large
amounts of waste/chemicals in them. Also, throwing of bottles/plastics and other such objects into
the gutters lead to narrowing and eventually blockage in gutter flow. This leads to overflow in
many cases. So here we provide a fully automated drain gutter cleaning mechanism to tackle these
modern-day gutter jamming issues. Our system uses an automated gutter/drain cleaning system
that lets fluids flow through it but catches large solid waste like bottles & plastic and accumulates
it. So, gutter cleaners need to just clean these gutter cleaning systems installed at points instead of
cleaning entire gutter floors. Our system consists of metal teeth based jaws that wait at the bottom
of the mechanism. It is mounted in a frame to hold the system upright in the gutter. The vertical
frame bed is used to let liquid flow but catch all solid waste. The mechanism consists of a filter
basket on top of it. After particular time intervals, the jaw lifts up using a motorized shaft which
is connected using a chain to the jaws. It then reaches the top and turns upside down to dump the
solid waste. Now after dumping the waste, the motor rotates again to bring the jaw again to the
bottom position to collect more waste. The system is a very efficient way to cleaning gutters &
drains and also requires very low power since it will only rotate once or twice a day to dump the
solid waste.

1.6 Urban area drainage blockage problem

Figure 1.4-Blockage problem in urban area

Wastewater is defined as the flow of used water from homes, businesses, industries, commercial
activities and institutions which are subjected to the treatment plants by a carefully designed and
engineered network of pipes. This type of wastewater is classified and defined according to its
sources of origin. Typically, 200 to 500 liters of wastewater are generated for each person
connected to the system every day. The amount of flow handled by a treatment plant varies with
the time of day and with the months of the year. The processes reviewed here include both those
that remove pollutant dirt’s in wastewater and those that vanishes them. Using a wastewater
treatment technology that removes, rather than destroys, a pollutant will give a treatment remains.
At wastewater treatment plant, this flow is treated before it is allowed to be returned to the
environment. There are no holidays for wastewater treatment, and most plants operate 24 hours
every day of the week. Wastewater treatment plants works on critical point of the water cycle,
helping nature protects water from the excessive pollution. Most treatment plants have primary
treatment and secondary treatment. A short description about the primary treatment which includes
screening whereas secondary treatment involves activated sludge, trickling filters etc. and also to
measure removal of the carbon in the wastewater treatment processes can be done by TOC (Total
organic carbon), BOD (Biochemical oxygen demand), and COD (Chemical oxygen demand) is
also explained here.

1.7 Floating material in drain

Figure 1.5-Floating material in drain

In this above figure, we are seeing so much floating material in the drain. For this purpose we are
using our project to clean the drain and collect the floating material from the drain into the
collecting bin. Our project is preventing from blockage the drain. If our drain does not clean time
to time then we have to face so many problems as example we have to face health problem who
lives near the drain.
1.8 Effect of drain cleaning on human life

Figure 1.6-Drain cleaning by human

Drainage pipes are using for the disposal and unfortunately sometimes there may be loss of
human life while cleaning the blockages in the drainage system. To overcome this problem and to
save human life we implement a design “mechanical semi-automatic drainage water cleaner” and
we designed our project to use this in efficient way to control the disposal of wastages and with
regular filtration of wastages. The Drainage system cleaner is a machine which helps to protect the
environment from different kinds of environmental hazards through the promotion waste
management by the removal of garbage from the drainage system. These wastes when not removed
end up settling in residential places where these wastes are burnt thereby causing climate change
otherwise these wastes block the drainage systems thereby causing flooding.
 2.LITERATURE SURVEY

1.VikiShahebrao,Bagul,BEMechanical,ShatabdiInstituteofEngineeringandResearch,Nasik,
India-Today the advanced time has such a variety of advances for make our life modern. Like that
cleaning procedure is likewise play a critical part. For example, our Smart Cleaning System do the
residential reason cleaning flawlessly and keep the mosquito era from the sewage by the way
intestinal sickness, influenza and so forth illnesses are stayed away from In future the robotization
cleaning framework will be lies on each different house sewage cleaning framework.

2. Yogesh Dilip Jadha, BE Mechanical,Shatabdi Institute of Engineering and Research

Nasik, India-It was found out that at the absence of some variables like heavy winds, the propeller
moved at a rate relative to the velocity of the running water. The cleaner functioned move
effectively during the heavier rains which had more volume of running water with garbage and
high velocity. The pan functioned effectively. It moved at a rate relative to the velocity of the
running water and at the rate of the propeller.

3. Sachin Nandkishor Bachhav,BE Mechanical,Shatabdi Institute of Engineering and

Research, Nasik, India-The deplete squander water cleaner machine is outlined and produced by
utilizing gear changing and shaft coupling standard. It comprises principally DC adapted engine,
shafts, squander evacuation plates, clean container, heading, sprocket and chains Construction
materials are effortlessly available, creates work (development and maintenance), simple to build.

4. Bhusan Aatmaram Bhadane,BE Mechanical,Shatabdi Institute of Engineering and

Research,Nasik, India-Mechanization is an innovation worried with his utilization of mechanical,
electronic and PC based frameworks to work and control generation. This framework is utilized to
operate automatic sewage cleaning equipment. This venture might be created with the full use of
men, machines, and materials and cash. Additionally, we have taken after altogether the
investigation of time movement and made our venture temperate and productive with the
accessible assets. This framework was Designed, fabricated effectively and furthermore tried. It
works satisfactorily. We trust that this will be done among the most flexible and compatible one
even in future.
5.Kumar SG, Kar SS, Jain A. Health and environmental sanitation in India: Issues for
prioritizing control strategies. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2011-The recent issue has
highlighted some facts about urban sanitation in India. Drainage and sewerage system in urban
areas is an important priority in Indian setting because of rapid urbanization, industrialization, and
population growth, along with increase in slum population and migration. A recent study showed
that sewerage systems typically reduce diarrhea incidence by about 30% or perhaps as much as
60% when starting sanitation conditions are very poor. But in many contexts, sewerage might be
less cost effective and less sustainable than onsite alternatives. Another study also showed that
urban sanitation can have an impact on diarrheal disease, even without measures to promote
hygiene behavior. In this regard, the presence of efficient drainage and sewerage system is a major
factor in the prevention of spread of waterborne diseases in major cities. As per the census 2011,
at country level, there is no drainage facility in 48.9% households, while 33% households have
only open drainage system. National Family Health Survey-3 (2005-2006) reported that 52.8% of
the households in urban areas have ′improved sanitation′ which means that their flush or pour toilet
latrine connected to piped sewer or septic or other systems, while 41% of the households still have
no latrine within household premises, with 24.2% of them depending on public latrine and other
16.8% practicing open defecation. Besides, more than 28% of the urban population lives in slum
areas. In Bangalore, Karnataka, only half of 52 towns were served by a sewerage system, while in
Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, 86 of 124 towns had neither sewerage systems nor running water.
The bulk of sewage treatment capacity exists in the metropolitan cities, with 40% of wastewater
generation. The cities of Delhi and Mumbai generate some 17% of all the sewage in the country.
Treatment of wastewater is one of the important steps to prevent contamination of urban
underground water. Because of unpredictable growth and regional shortage of water, urban areas
may be monitored with semi-centralized supply and treatment system of wastewater. The change
from centralized to semi-centralized supply and treatment systems will minimize the grave
discrepancy between the rapid urban growth and the provision of supply and treatment
infrastructure.

Table no-2.1

System Outcome Drawback

 Program logic control Automatic control of sewage It is not depend on deposited
treatment. sludge of drainage system.
A kio go to By using of microorganisms Gases effect on human being.
produced the toxic gases and
not toxic gases.
Drainage pumps monitoring Collection of operation If does not gives the problem
and control system. parameter of underground solving procedure.
drainage pump and automatic
control startup and shutdown
of drainage pump.
Wireless real time system In this defined only for the It does not define how to
monitoring of the drainage control the drainage water.
system.
Wireless real time It shows how to control storm _
observation system. drainage so as to reduce dry
weather pump discharging.

Table no 2.1-Liturerature survey

3. FORMULATION OF PROBLEM

From the exhaustive literature survey, it is understood that the Drainage cleaning system can be
utilized for light weight Floating scrap like un used water bottles, leaves and branches of tree etc.
removing applications. to keep clean the drainage system and helps the smooth working of the
system. This project automatically cleans the water in the drainage system each time any wastage
appears and this form an efficient and easy way of cleaning the drainage system and preventing
the blockage. The interesting properties like very less weight of semi-automatic drain cleaner
structures are more useful in the case of cleaning the open canals drain applications in order to
keep the clean of drain. Semi-Automatic Drainage Cleaning System proposed to overcome the
real-time problems. With the continued expansion of industries, the problem of sewage water must
be urgently resolved due to the increasing sewage problems from industries of the surrounding
environment. The waste and gases produced from the industries are very harmful to human beings
and to the environment.

a) Definition-Wastewater is defined as the flow of used water from homes, businesses, industries,
commercial activities and institutions which are subjected to the treatment plants by a carefully
designed and engineered network of pipes. There are large no. of machines used for removing out
the wastes from drains.

b) Problem statement-Every dynamic spring is subject to these constraints where variation of

forces and alignment takes place. To find a solution for the problem of water logging due to plastic,
thermocol, metal, etc. To treat problems like malaria, typhoid, etc. caused due to water
Accumulation.

c) Past researches-By doing some research in the past we can say that it is seen that major factors
that affect the strength of the machine are design parameters, material selection, raw material
defect, and surface imperfection. It is seen that design parameters i.e. operating modes,
Operating temperature, and imperfections, as we seen as temperature increases the strength of
material decreases.

4.REQUIRED MATERIALS

4.Required materials- In this section we have discussed about required materials in Semi-
automatic drain cleaner.

 L-Type Angle
 Shaft
  Sprocket
 Chain drive
 Belt drive
 Pedestal Bearing
 Geared head electric motor
 Pulley
 Lifter
 Nuts & Bolts
 Mild steel net
 Plastic sheet
 Screw
 Grease
 Paint

4.1- L-Type Angle-In the Semi-automatic drain cleaner we have used L- angle for frame of the
drain cleaner and materials is Mild steel. We selected the L- angle that width is 35 mm and we
have used number of pieces of different length. We have also used 25 mm L-Angle for collecting
bin. We took less width L-angle because less weight behind the drain cleaner.

Table 4.1

Specification No of pieces Length(mm)

For Base(Width) 2 609.6

For Base(Length) 2 762

For Height(Front) 2 304.8

For Height(Backside) 2 1219.2

For supporter (Height 1 762

backside)
For supporting of net 2 962

For collecting bin(width) 4 381

For collecting bin(Height) 2 609.6

For collecting bin(Length) 2 762

For collecting bin(Support) 2 381

 For base of motor 2 203.2

Table 4.1-Quantity of L-type angle

Figure 4.1-L-type angle

Advantages of Mild steel- Mild steel contain approximately 0.05–0.25% carbon making it
malleable and ductile. Mild steel has a relatively low tensile strength, but it is cheap and easy to
form; surface hardness can be increased through carburizing. It is often used when large quantities
of steel are needed, for example as structural steel. When it comes to stealing praise for its
versatility and cost-effectiveness, few can deliver as great a performance as mild steel. The world's
most common form of steel, it's applications are vast and relied upon every day, and it can be cut
to size and modified to suit where required. In this entry of the Austen Knapman blog, we're going
to run down five of the best advantages mild steel has over other available forms of steel, and even
other metals.
1. Cost-Effective
The least expensive of all steel types, many everyday objects are created using mild steel, including
auto-mobile chassis, motorcycle frames and a great deal of cookware. The secret behind its
affordability is its carbon content; ranging anywhere between 0.16% and 0.29%, this middle point
of the carbon count range means it's strong enough for many jobs without being expensively
tensile. When it's required in hefty orders, it can be produced in masse with a far reduced cost than
your other steels, with results you certainly can't argue with.

2. Weldable
Unlike high-carbon steel, mild steel can be coalesced with far greater ease. Due to the specific
properties of the metal, electric currents travel through it without distorting the 'make-up' of the
material. This is different to, say stainless steel, where special techniques are needed in order to
weld the metal to a professional standard. This cuts down on money spent both on man-hours and
electrical costs, with a structural finish to round up its easy fabrication.

3. Ductile

Ductility is the measure of how much a material can be plastically deformed by elongation, without
fracture. Materials that are strong in this regard can go more than 15% before they are permanently
deformed and unable to go back to its original shape. Mild steel shares good company in this regard
with copper and thermoplastics, able to bend, stretch and have relatively large forces applied to it,
making it easier to form, shape and weld.

4. Can be carburized
The major downside to mild steel is that it has a relatively low tensile strength, meaning it'll break
more easily under tension than other steels. Luckily, there is a solution. Carburizing is a heat
treatment process in which either iron or steel is heated, with carbon liberated as it decomposes.
When cooled via 'quenching', the surface is now hard, whilst the core remains soft and tough. This
is a great means of enhancing the strength and wear properties of otherwise inexpensive steels,
even improving its fatigue strength.

5. Recyclable
No different than most metals, scrapped mild steel is vital in the production of more of the same.
Most steels can be recycled indefinitely without losing their quality, and due to its magnetic
properties mild steel is particularly easy to recover from unsorted waste. We definitely advocate
recycling your scrap as much as possible, as it's far cheaper than mining the iron ore and processing
it to form more.
4.2 Shaft-A shaft is a rotating machine element, usually circular in cross section, which is used
to transmit power from one part to another, or from a machine which produces power to a machine
which absorbs power. The various members such as pulleys and gears are mounted on it In semi-
automatic drain cleaner we have used shaft for transmitting the motion from motor trough the
chain drive. Shaft material is mild steel.
Types

They are mainly classified into two types.

 Transmission shafts are used to transmit power between the source and the machine
absorbing power; e.g. counter shafts and line shafts.
 Machine shafts are the integral part of the machine itself; e.g. crankshaft.

Materials

The material used for ordinary shafts is mild steel. When high strength is required, an alloy
steel such as nickel, nickel-chromium or chromium-vanadium steel is used.

Shafts are generally formed by hot rolling and finished to size by cold
drawing or turning and grinding.

Stresses

The following stresses are induced in the shafts.

1. Shear stresses due to the transmission of torque (due to tensional load).

2. Bending stresses (tensile or compressive) due to the forces acting upon the machine
elements like gears and pulleys as well as the self-weight of the shaft.
3. Stresses due to combined tensional and bending loads.

Design Stresses

The maximum permissible (design) stresses in bending (tension or compression) may be taken
as:
 1. 112 N/mm2 for shafts with allowance for keyways.
2. 84 N/mm2 for shafts without allowance for keyways.

The maximum permissible (design) shear stresses may be taken as:

1. 56 N/mm2 for shafts with allowance for keyways.

2. 42 N/mm2 for shafts without allowance for keyways.

Table 4.2

Specification No of pieces Length Diameter

Shaft(Upper portion) 1 762 mm 20 mm
Shaft(Lower portion) 1 762 mm 20 mm

Table 4.2-Specification of Shaft

Figure 4.2-Shaft
4.3 Sprocket-

A sprocket or sprocket-wheel is a profiled wheel with teeth, cogs, or even sprockets

that mesh with a chain, track or other perforated or indented material The name 'sprocket' applies
generally to any wheel upon which radial projections engage a chain passing over it. It is
distinguished from a gear in that sprockets are never meshed together directly, and differs from
a pulley in that sprockets have teeth and pulleys are smooth.
 Sprockets are used in bicycles, motorcycles, cars, tracked vehicles, and
other machinery either to transmit rotary motion between two shafts where gears are unsuitable or
to impart linear motion to a track, tape etc. Perhaps the most common form of sprocket may be
found in the bicycle, in which the pedal shaft carries a large sprocket-wheel, which drives a chain,
which, in turn, drives a small sprocket on the axle of the rear wheel . Early automobiles were also
largely driven by sprocket and chain mechanism, a practice largely copied from bicycles.

Sprockets are of various designs, a maximum of efficiency being claimed for each by its
originator. Sprockets typically do not have a flange. Some sprockets used with timing belts have
flanges to keep the timing belt centered. Sprockets and chains are also used for power transmission
from one shaft to another where slippage is not admissible, sprocket chains being used instead of
belts or ropes and sprocket-wheels instead of pulleys. They can be run at high speed and some
forms of chain are so constructed as to be noiseless even at high speed.

In semi-automatic drain cleaner, we have used sprocket to transmit the power by using from one
shaft to another shaft by using the chain drives. Sprockets materials are mild steel.
Table 4.3
Specification No of pieces No of teeth Pitch Internal dia External dia
Sprocket(Upper) 2 24 20 mm 85 mm

Sprocket(Lower) 2 24 20 mm 85 mm

Table 4.3-Specification of Sprocket

 Figure 4.3- Sprocket

4.4 Chain Drive-Chain drive is a way of transmitting mechanical power from one place to another.
It is often used to convey power to the wheels of a vehicle, particularly bicycles and motorcycles.
It is also used in a wide variety of machines besides vehicles. Most often, the power is conveyed
by a roller chain, known as the drive chain or transmission chain,[1] passing over a sprocket gear,
with the teeth of the gear meshing with the holes in the links of the chain. The gear is turned, and
this pulls the chain putting mechanical force into the system. Another type of drive chain is the
Morse chain, invented by the Morse Chain Company of Ithaca, New York, United States. This has
inverted teeth

In semi-automatic drain cleaner, we have used chain drive for transmit the power from one
shaft to another shaft through chain drive. A chain is a reliable machine component, which
transmits power by means of tensile forces, and is used primarily for power transmission and
conveyance system. The function and uses of chain are similar to a belt. Length of the chain drives
is 2438.4 mm. We have used two chain drive of same length.

History-The oldest known application of a chain drive appears in the Polyabolos, a repeating
crossbow described by the Greek engineer Philon of Byzantium (3rd century BC). Two flat-linked
chains were connected to a windlass, which by winding back and forth would automatically fire
the machine's arrows until its magazine was empty. Although the device did not transmit power
continuously since the chains "did not transmit power from shaft to shaft, and hence they were not
in the direct line of ancestry of the chain-drive proper", the Greek design marks the beginning of
the history of the chain drive since "no earlier instance of such a cam is known, and none as
complex is known until the 16th century." It is here that the flat-link chain, often attributed
to Leonardo da Vinci, and actually made its first appearance."

Figure 4.4-Chain Drive