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    Rea Between Curves: Alculus

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    Murad Ali Khan
    The document discusses calculating the area between curves using integration. It provides the general formula for finding the area between two curves f(x) and g(x) from x=a to x=b as the integral from a to b of f(x) - g(x) dx. Examples are given of finding the area between various curve combinations, including two quadratic curves, two lines, and the curves y=sinx and y=cosx.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Rea Between Curves: Alculus

    Uploaded by

    Murad Ali Khan
    49 views10 pages
    The document discusses calculating the area between curves using integration. It provides the general formula for finding the area between two curves f(x) and g(x) from x=a to x=b as the integral from a to b of f(x) - g(x) dx. Examples are given of finding the area between various curve combinations, including two quadratic curves, two lines, and the curves y=sinx and y=cosx.

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    The document discusses calculating the area between curves using integration. It provides the general formula for finding the area between two curves f(x) and g(x) from x=a to x=b as the integral from a to b of f(x) - g(x) dx. Examples are given of finding the area between various curve combinations, including two quadratic curves, two lines, and the curves y=sinx and y=cosx.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    49 views10 pages

    Rea Between Curves: Alculus

    Uploaded by

    Murad Ali Khan
    The document discusses calculating the area between curves using integration. It provides the general formula for finding the area between two curves f(x) and g(x) from x=a to x=b as the integral from a to b of f(x) - g(x) dx. Examples are given of finding the area between various curve combinations, including two quadratic curves, two lines, and the curves y=sinx and y=cosx.

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    You are on page 1of 10

    Introduction General case Examples Summary Test

    AREA BETWEEN CURVES


    CALCULUS 9
    INU0115/515 (M ATHS 2)

    Dr Adrian Jannetta MIMA CMath FRAS

    Area between curves 1 / 10 Adrian Jannetta


    Introduction General case Examples Summary Test

    Regions enclosed by curves and lines


    Consider the shaded area on the graph, which is enclosed by the curve
    y = x2 and the line y = x.
    y
    y = x2

    y=x

    x
    1

    How can we calculate the area?


    Definite integrals give us the net area between the curve and the x-axis
    so geometrically we can calculate the enclosed area by finding the
    difference between the areas under the curve and line.
    Area between curves 2 / 10 Adrian Jannetta
    Introduction General case Examples Summary Test

    Areas enclosed by curves and lines


    In picture form we calculate the area by doing this:

    y y y
    y = x2 y = x2
    y=x y=x

    = −
    x x x
    1 1 1

    Using integration we’d write this process like this:


    Z 1 Z 1
    Enclosed area = x dx − x2 dx
    0 0
    Therefore:
    2 1
    1   1 3 1 1 1 1
    Enclosed area = 2x 0
    − 3x 0 = 2 − 3 = 6
    Alternatively, since the limits on each integral are the same we can combine them in a
    single integrand:
    Z1
    (x − x2 ) dx = 21 x2 − 13 x3 = ( 21 − 13 ) − 0 = 16 units2
     
    Enclosed area =
    0

    Area between curves 3 / 10 Adrian Jannetta


    Introduction General case Examples Summary Test

    Area between curves: general case


    Consider the general case of two curves, shown on the following picture, with an
    enclosed area and where x = a and x = b denote their intersections.
    y
    y2 = g(x)

    y1 = f (x)

    x
    a b

    Take care to subtract the smaller area from the larger area otherwise the integral
    will give a negative value (because we would be subtracting large y values from
    small ones).
    The formula for finding the enclosed area is:
    Z b Z b
     
    Area = (y1 − y2 ) dx = f (x) − g(x) dx
    a a

    Area between curves 4 / 10 Adrian Jannetta


    Introduction General case Examples Summary Test

    Area between two quadratic curves


    The picture shows a region enclosed by the curves y = 3 − x2 and y = x2 + 5x.

    y = 3 − x2
    a x
    b

    y = x2 + 5x

    Calculate the area of the shaded region.

    The limits of the integration are the


    intersection points x = a and x = b: Simplify and evaluate:
    1
    x2 + 5x = 3 − x2
    Z
    2
    Area = (3 − 2x2 − 5x) dx
    Rearrange to get 2x2 + 5x − 3 = 0 −3
    Solve to get x = −3 and x = 21 . =
     1
    3x − 23 x3 − 25 x2 −3
    2

    So the limits are a = −3 and b = 12 .


    19 27
    = 24 − (− 2 )
    Z 1
    2 343 2
    Area = (3 − x2 ) − (x2 + 5x) dx ∴ Area = 24 units
    −3

    Area between curves 5 / 10 Adrian Jannetta


    Introduction General case Examples Summary Test

    Area between sin x and cos x


    Calculate the shaded area between the curves y = sin x and y = cos x.
    y

    y = sin x

    y = cos x

    5π
    Limits are the intersection points: Solve Z
    4
    Area = (sin x − cos x) dx
    sin x = cos x π
    4

    Divide by cos x to get: 5π/4


    = [− cos x − sin x]π/4
    sin x = − [cos x + sin x]π/4
    5π/4
    = 1 ⇒ tan x = 1
    cos x
    − (cos 5π 5π
    
    π 5π
    = 4 + sin 4 )
    Solutions are x = 4 and 4 . π π
    
    −(cos 4 + sin 4 )
    5π
    Z
    4 ”€ p p Š €p p Š—
    Therefore: Area = (sin x − cos x) dx = − − 22 + 22 − 22 + 2
    2

    π p
    4
    = 2 2 units2

    Area between curves 6 / 10 Adrian Jannetta


    Introduction General case Examples Summary Test

    Summary
    The area enclosed between two curves, which intersect at the points
    x = a and x = b is given by the formula
    Z b
    Area = (y1 − y2 ) dx
    a

    It is equivalent to finding the signed area between y1 and the x-axis and
    subtracting the signed area between y2 and the x-axis.
    Take note of the following:

    • Provided b > a then a positive value will be obtained if y1 > y2 across


    the interval. Use a sketch of the region to decide the order, or take
    the absolute value if a negative value is obtained.
    • This formula gives the total area between the curves; you don’t have
    to consider regions above and below the x-axis.

    Area between curves 7 / 10 Adrian Jannetta


    Introduction General case Examples Summary Test

    Test yourself...
    Solve the following three area problems using integration.
    1. The area enclosed by the curve y = 4 − x2 and the line y = x + 2.

    y =x+2

    y = 4 − x2
    x

    Answers:
    1. Area is 29 .
    Area between curves 8 / 10 Adrian Jannetta
    Introduction General case Examples Summary Test

    Test yourself...
    2. The area enclosed by the curves y = ex , y = x2 − 2x + 1 and the line
    x = 2. Give your answer in terms of e.
    y

    y = x2 − 2x + 1

    y = ex
    x
    O 2

    Answers:
    29
    2. Area is e2 − 3 .

    Area between curves 9 / 10 Adrian Jannetta


    Introduction General case Examples Summary Test

    Test yourself...
    3. The area enclosed by the curves y = sec2 x and the line y = 4.
    y
    y = sec2 x

    y=4

    x
    O

    Answers:
    p
    3. Area is 38 π − 2 3.
    Area between curves 10 / 10 Adrian Jannetta

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