AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF USING MANUFACTURED

SAND IN CONCRETE
Mr. Bhaveshkumar M. Kataria1, Mr. Sandip U. Shah2,
Lecturer, B.V.P.I.T. (DS), Umrakh, Bardoli, Gujarat, India 1
Lecturer, B.V.P.I.T. (DS), Umrakh, Bardoli, Gujarat, India2

Abstract: Conventionally concrete is mixture of cement, sand and aggregate. Properties

of aggregate affect the durability and performance of concrete, so fine aggregate is an
essential component of concrete. The most commonly used fine aggregate is natural river
sand. Scarcity of good quality Natural River sand due to depletion of resources and
restriction due to environmental consideration has made concrete manufactures to look
for suitable alternative fine aggregate. One such alternative is “Manufactured sand”.
Though manufactured sand has been in use in concrete manufacturing in India, the
percentage of its contribution is still very negligible. In many parts of India, good natural
river sand is not available and this makes manufacturing of good quality of concrete very
difficult. A well processed manufactured sand as partial or full replacement to river sand
is the need of the hour as a long term solution in Indian concrete industry until other
suitable alternative fine aggregate are developed. This study is carried out on
experimental basis to use manufacture sand of Chikhli region of Southern of Gujarat
state in India. In this Study, The compressive Strength and Workability of concrete are
studied while natural river sand is replaced by manufacture sand.

Keywords: Concrete, Compressive Strength, Manufactured sand, river sand

replacement
INTRODUCTION
I.
Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in the world.
Conventionally concrete is mixture of cement, sand and aggregate. Properties of
aggregate affect the durability and performance of concrete, so fine aggregate is an
essential component of concrete. The most commonly used fine aggregate is natural
river sand. Scarcity of good quality Natural River sand due to depletion of resources
and restriction due to environmental consideration has made concrete manufactures to
look for suitable alternative fine aggregate. One such alternative is “Manufactured
sand”. Though manufactured sand has been in use in concrete manufacturing in India,
the percentage of its contribution is still very negligible. In many parts of India, good
natural river sand is not available and this makes manufacturing of good quality of
concrete very difficult. A well processed manufactured sand as partial or full
replacement to river sand is the need of the hour as a long term solution in Indian
concrete industry until other suitable alternative fine aggregate are developed. Concrete
must keep evolving to satisfy the increasing demands of all its users. Scope of this

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experimental work is limited to comparison of compressive strength and workability of
concrete only.
II. DESIGN MIX MATERIALS
A. Cement : The cement used is SANGHI OPC 53 grade cement. The Ordinary Portland
Cement of 53 grade conforming to IS: 12269-2013 was used. Tests were conducted on
cement like Consistency tests, Setting tests, Soundness, Compressive strength N/mm2 at 28
days.

Figure 1: Sanghi Cement (OPC 53 Grade)

Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh
TABLE I: - PROPERTIES OF CEMENT
Item Tests Results Requirement as per IS: 12269-
1 Consistency (%) 33.5 %
Obtained 2013
2 Fineness 6% < 10 %
3 Initial Setting Time (minutes) 126 > 30
4 Final Setting Time (minutes) 215 < 600
Compressive Strength (N/mm2)
3 days 28.8 > 27
5
7 days 39.5 > 37
28 days 55.9 > 53
6 Soundness (Le-Chetelier 2 mm < 10 mm
Source:
Method) Tested at Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh
B. Coarse Aggregate
The fractions above 4.75 mm are termed as coarse aggregate. Two types of Coarse
Aggregates from crushed Basalt rock, conforming to IS: 383-1970were used as shown in
table II & III below:

Figure 2: Coarse Aggregate 1 (20 mm Nominal)

Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh
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TABLE II: PROPERTIES OF COARSE AGGREGATE 1 (20 MM NOMINAL)
Sr. Requirement as per IS : 383-
Tests Results
No. 1970
Gradation precent passing on IS sieve
40mm 100 % 100 %
1 20mm 97.37 % 95 to 100 %
10mm 30.68 % 25 to 55 %
4.75mm 2.24 % 0 to 10 %
Sub base < 50 %
2 Impact value (%) 13.62 Base course < 40 %
Surface course < 30 %
3 Specific Gravity 2.81 ----
4 Water absorption (%) 0.91 <2%
Source: Tested at Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh

Figure 3: Coarse Aggregate 2 (10 mm Nominal)

Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh

TABLE III: PROPERTIES OF COARSE AGGREGATE 1 (10 MM NOMINAL)

Sr. Requirement as per IS : 383-
Tests Results
No. 1970
Gradation precent passing on IS sieve
12.5mm 100 % 100 %
1 10mm 92.4 % 95 to 100 %
4.75mm 16.72 % 25 to 55 %
2.76mm 3.11 % 0 to 10 %
2 Specific Gravity 2.79 ----
3 Water absorption (%) 0.96 <2%
Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh
C. Sand
Those fractions from 4.75 mm to 150 micron are termed as fine aggregate. The river fine
aggregate was used asfineaggregate conforming to the requirements of IS: 383-1970. The
river fine Aggregate is washed and screened, to eliminate deleterious materials and over size
particles.

Figure 4: River Sand

Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh
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TABLE IV: PROPERTIES OF RIVER SAND
Sr. No. Tests Results
Gradation percent Passing on IS Sieve
4.75 mm 95.4 %
2.36 mm 86.4 %
1 1.18 mm 74.2 %
600 micron 44.8 %
300 micron 17.2 %
150 micron 2.4 %
2 Grading Zone II
3 Fineness modulus 2.80
4 Specific gravity 2.67
5 Water absorption (%) 1.63
Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh

Aggregate scarcity is the biggest concern today in India. On environmental

grounds, there have been strict dredging restrictions from various local authorities
pertaining to taking out sea sand as well as river sand. This position is more prevalent in
the states of central and southern part of India, where availability of good quality fine
aggregate is a constraint. Hence the answer is to use manufactured sand which is
artificially produced from rock.

Figure 5: Manufactured Sand

Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh

TABLE V: PROPERTIES OF MANUFACTURED SAND

Sr. No. Tests Results
Gradation percent Passing on IS Sieve
4.75 mm 100 %
2.36 mm 85.8 %
1 1.18 mm 67.2 %
600 micron 39.7 %
300 micron 16.2 %
150 micron 3.1 %
2 Grading Zone II
3 Fineness modulus 2.88
4 Specific gravity 2.69
5 Water absorption (%) 1.41
Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh

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III. DESIGN MIX METHODOLOGY
A Concrete M25 grade was designed as per IS: 10262-2009 method and the same was
used as reference mix. The design mix proportion is as below :

TABLE VIII: MIX DESIGN PROPORTION

3
For 1 m Water Cement Fine Aggregate Coarse Aggregate
By Weight [kg] 200 L 400 665 1085

IV. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST

Compressive strength tests were performed on compression testing machine using cube
samples at 7 days and 28 days. Six samples for each percentage of Manufacture sand were
casted and then tested. The average strength values are reported in this paper at 7 & 28 days.

Figure 8: Set up of Compressive Testing Machine

Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh

V.WORKABILITY AS SLUMP (MM)

Each proportion of Experimental Concrete mix was tested for workability by slump test as
per Indian standard. The results of workability are shown in Table X.

Fig.9: Slump cone test for Workability

Source: B.V.P.I.T(D.S), Umrakh
.

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VI. RESULTS OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

TABLE X: WORKABILITY AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CEMENT CONRETE

Workability Compressive
ID River sand Manufactured as Strength of
Mark sand Slump Concrete (N/mm2)
(mm) 7 days 28 days
CR 100 % 0% 95 24.13 33.71
CM25 75 % 25 % 83 24.94 35.44
CM50 50 % 50 % 71 25.60 35.71
CM75 25 % 75 % 62 25.95 36.87
CM100 0% 100 % 54 26.42 37.68

VII. GRAPHS

VIII.CONCLUSION
From this study the following conclusion can be drawn:

(1) Results shows that workability of concrete decreases with increase in percentage
replacement of river sand by Manufactured sand.
(2) The compressive strength of concrete increases with increase in percentage replacement
of river sand by manufacture sand.
(3) From above study, it can be said that Manufacture sand is potential alternative to replace
river sand in concrete. If we use Manufacture sand in concrete, it will help to protect
environment. Also problems associated with extraction of river sand will be solved.
(4) Manufacture sand facilitate better strength at 100 % replacement of river sand hence it
can be used in concrete.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors are thankfully acknowledge to Mr. J. N. Patel, Chairman Vidyabharti Trust, Mr.
K. N. Patel, Hon. Secretary, Vidyabharti Trust, Mr. B. V. Modi, principal, B.V.P..I.T.(D.S.),
Umrakh and Mr. V. S. Rana, Head, Civil Engineering Department, B.V.P..I.T.(D.S.),
Umrakh.

REFERENCES
PAPERS:-
[01] “An experimental investigation on the properties of concrete containing manufactured
sand” by Priyanka A. Jadhav and Dilip K. Kulkarni (June 2012)
[02] “Manufactured Sand, A Solution And An Alternative To River Sand And In Concrete
Manufacturing” by Dr. S. Elavenil and B. Vijaya (February 2013)
[03] “Effect of Manufactured Sand on Durability Properties of Concrete” – by Nimitha.
Vijayaraghavan & Dr. A.S. Wayal (2013)
[04] “Effects of manufactured sand on compressive strength and workability concrete” by
Nimitha Vijayaraghavan and A S Wayal
[05] “Properties of Concrete by Replacement Of Natural Sand With Artificial Sand” by
Vinayak R.Supekar & Popat D.Kumbhar
Books :-
[01] “Concrete Technology” - M. S. Shetty
[02] “Concrete Technology” – M. L. Gambhir
[03] “reinforcement Concrete Technology” – Nevilie
[04] “Concrete Technology” – S. P. Chandra & V. N. Vazirani
Websites :-
[01] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete
[02] http://www.msand.in/
[03] http://www.robo.co.in/manufacturesand.htm
[04] http://nbmcw.com/articles/concrete/28675-use-of-manufactured-sand-in-concrete-and-
construction-an-alternate-to-river-sand.html
[05] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_aggregate
IS CODES:-
[01] IS516-1959,“MethodsofTestsforStrengthofConcrete”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New
Delhi.
[02] IS 4031 -1988, “Methods for Physical Tests for Hydraulic Cement”, Part 6-
Determination of Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Other than Masonry
Cement, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[03] IS10262-2009,“ISMethod of Mix Design”,Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[04] IS 12269 -1987, “Specification for 53 Grade OPC”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New
Delhi.

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