Adobe Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop is a raster graphics

editor developed and published by Adobe
Systems for macOS and Windows.
Adobe Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop CC 2018 (19.0) running on

Windows

Developer(s) Adobe Systems

Initial release 19 February 1990

Stable release CC 2018 (19.1.4.698) /

15 May 2018

Operating system Windows and

macOS[1][2]

Platform IA-32 and x86-64

Available in 26 languages[3]

List of languages
English (United States), English (United Kingdom),
Arabic, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional,
Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German,
Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean,
Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish,
Swedish, Romanian, Turkish and Ukrainian

Type Raster graphics editor

License Trialware, SaaS

Website adobe.com/photoshop

Photoshop was created in 1988 by

Thomas and John Knoll. Since then, it has
become the de facto industry standard in
raster graphics editing, such that the word
"photoshop" has become a verb as in "to
Photoshop an image," "photoshopping"
and "photoshop contest", though Adobe
discourages such use.[4] It can edit and
compose raster images in multiple layers
and supports masks, alpha compositing
and several color models including RGB,
CMYK, CIELAB, spot color and duotone.
Photoshop has vast support for graphic
file formats but also uses its own PSD
and PSB file formats which support all
the aforementioned features. In addition to
raster graphics, it has limited abilities to
edit or render text, vector graphics
(especially through clipping path), 3D
graphics and video. Photoshop's feature
set can be expanded by Photoshop plug-
ins, programs developed and distributed
independently of Photoshop that can run
inside it and offer new or enhanced
features.

Photoshop's naming scheme was initially

based on version numbers. However, in
October 2002, following the introduction of
Creative Suite branding, each new version
of Photoshop was designated with "CS"
plus a number; e.g., the eighth major
version of Photoshop was Photoshop CS
and the ninth major version was
Photoshop CS2. Photoshop CS3 through
CS6 were also distributed in two different
editions: Standard and Extended. In June
2013, with the introduction of Creative
Cloud branding, Photoshop's licensing
scheme was changed to that of software
as a service rental model and the "CS"
suffixes were replaced with "CC".
Historically, Photoshop was bundled with
additional software such as Adobe
ImageReady, Adobe Fireworks, Adobe
Bridge, Adobe Device Central and Adobe
Camera RAW.

Alongside Photoshop, Adobe also

develops and publishes Photoshop
Elements, Photoshop Lightroom,
Photoshop Express and Photoshop Touch.
Collectively, they are branded as "The
Adobe Photoshop Family". It is currently a
licensed software.

Early history
Photoshop was developed in 1987 by the
American brothers Thomas and John
Knoll, who sold the distribution license to
Adobe Systems Incorporated in 1988.
Thomas Knoll, a PhD student at the
University of Michigan, began writing a
program on his Macintosh Plus to display
grayscale images on a monochrome
display. This program, called Display,
caught the attention of his brother John
Knoll, an Industrial Light & Magic
employee, who recommended that
Thomas turn it into a full-fledged image
editing program. Thomas took a six-month
break from his studies in 1988 to
collaborate with his brother on the
program. Thomas renamed the program
ImagePro, but the name was already
taken.[5] Later that year, Thomas renamed
his program Photoshop and worked out a
short-term deal with scanner manufacturer
Barneyscan to distribute copies of the
program with a slide scanner; a "total of
about 200 copies of Photoshop were
shipped" this way.[6]
During this time, John traveled to Silicon
Valley and gave a demonstration of the
program to engineers at Apple and Russell
Brown, art director at Adobe. Both
showings were successful, and Adobe
decided to purchase the license to
distribute in September 1988.[5] While
John worked on plug-ins in California,
Thomas remained in Ann Arbor writing
code. Photoshop 1.0 was released on 19
February 1990 for Macintosh
exclusively.[7][8] The Barneyscan version
included advanced color editing features
that were stripped from the first Adobe
shipped version. The handling of color
slowly improved with each release from
Adobe and Photoshop quickly became the
industry standard in digital color editing.
At the time Photoshop 1.0 was released,
digital retouching on dedicated high end
systems, such as the Scitex, cost around
$300 an hour for basic photo retouching.

File format
Photoshop document
Filename extension .psd
Internet image/vnd.adobe.photoshop
media type
Type code 8BPS
Open format? no
Website www.adobe.com
/devnet-apps
/photoshop
/fileformatashtml

Photoshop files have default file extension

as .PSD, which stands for "Photoshop
Document." A PSD file stores an image
with support for most imaging options
available in Photoshop. These include
layers with masks, transparency, text,
alpha channels and spot colors, clipping
paths, and duotone settings. This is in
contrast to many other file formats (e.g.,
.JPG or .GIF) that restrict content to
provide streamlined, predictable
functionality. A PSD file has a maximum
height and width of 30,000 pixels, and a
length limit of two gigabytes.

Photoshop files sometimes have the file

extension .PSB, which stands for
"Photoshop Big" (also known as "large
document format"). A PSB file extends the
PSD file format, increasing the maximum
height and width to 300,000 pixels and the
length limit to around 4 Exabytes. The
dimension limit was apparently chosen
arbitrarily by Adobe, not based on
computer arithmetic constraints (it is not
close to a power of two, as is 30,000) but
for ease of software testing. PSD and PSB
formats are documented.[9]

Because of Photoshop's popularity, PSD

files are widely used and supported to
some extent by most competing software.
The .PSD file format can be exported to
and from Adobe's other apps like Adobe
Illustrator, Adobe Premiere Pro, and After
Effects.

Plugins
Photoshop functionality can be extended
by add-on programs called Photoshop
plugins (or plug-ins). Adobe creates some
plugins, such as Adobe Camera Raw, but
third-party companies develop most
plugins, according to Adobe's
specifications. Some are free and some
are commercial software. Most plugins
work with only Photoshop or Photoshop-
compatible hosts, but a few can also be
run as standalone applications.

There are various types of plugins, such as

filter, export, import, selection, color
correction, and automation. The most
popular plugins are the filter plugins (also
known as a 8bf plugins), available under
the Filter menu in Photoshop. Filter plugins
can either modify the current image or
create content. Below are some popular
types of plugins, and some well-known
companies associated with them:

Color correction plugins (Alien Skin

Software,[10] Nik Software,[11] OnOne
Software,[12] Topaz Labs Software,[13]
The Plugin Site,[14] etc.)
Special effects plugins (Alien Skin
Software, Auto FX Software,[15] AV
Bros.,[16] Flaming Pear Software,[17] etc.)
3D effects plugins (Andromeda
Software,[18] Strata,[19] etc.)
Adobe Camera Raw (also known as ACR
and Camera Raw) is a special plugin,
supplied free by Adobe, used primarily to
read and process raw image files so that
the resultant images can be processed by
Photoshop.[20] It can also be used from
within Adobe Bridge.

Photoshop tools
Upon loading Photoshop, a sidebar with a
variety of tools with multiple image-editing
functions appears to the left of the screen.
These tools typically fall under the
categories of drawing; painting;
measuring and navigation; selection;
typing; and retouching.[21] Some tools
contain a small triangle in the bottom right
of the toolbox icon. These can be
expanded to reveal similar tools.[22] While
newer versions of Photoshop are updated
to include new tools and features, several
recurring tools that exist in most versions
are discussed below.

Pen tool

Photoshop includes a few versions of the

pen tool. The pen tool creates precise
paths that can be manipulated using
anchor points. The free form pen tool
allows the user to draw paths freehand,
and with the magnetic pen tool, the drawn
path attaches closely to outlines of
objects in an image, which is useful for
isolating them from a background.

Clone Stamp Tool

The Clone Stamp tool duplicates one part

of an image to another part of the same
image by way of a brush. The duplication
is either in full or in part depending on the
mode. The user can also clone part of one
layer to another layer. The Clone Stamp
tool is useful for duplicating objects or
removing a defect in an image.[23]
Shape tools

Photoshop provides an array of shape

tools including rectangles, rounded
rectangles, ellipses, polygons and lines.
These shapes can be manipulated by the
pen tool, direct selection tool etc. to make
vector graphics.

Measuring and navigation

The eyedropper tool selects a color from

an area of the image that is clicked, and
samples it for future use.[21] The hand tool
navigates an image by moving it in any
direction, and the zoom tool enlarges the
part of an image that is clicked on,
allowing for a closer view.[21]

Selection tools

Selection tools are used to select all or any

part of a picture to perform cut, copy, edit,
or retouching operations.

Cropping

The crop tool can be used to select a

particular area of an image and discard
the portions outside the chosen section.
This tool assists in creating a focus point
on an image and unnecessary or excess
space.[24] Cropping allows enhancement
of a photo’s composition while decreasing
the file size. The "crop" tool is in the tools
palette, which is located on the right side
of the document. By placing the cursor
over the image, the user can drag the
cursor to the desired area. Once the Enter
key is pressed, the area outside the
rectangle will be cropped. The area
outside the rectangle is the discarded
data, which allows for the file size to be
decreased.[25] The "crop" tool can
alternatively be used to extend the canvas
size by clicking and dragging outside the
existing image borders.
Slicing

The "slice" and slice select tools, like the

crop tool, are used in isolating parts of
images. The slice tool can be used to
divide an image into different sections,
and these separate parts can be used as
pieces of a web page design once HTML
and CSS are applied.[26] The slice select
tool allows sliced sections of an image to
be adjusted and shifted.

Moving

The move tool can be used to drag the

entirety of a single layer or more if they are
selected. Alternatively, once an area of an
image is highlighted, the move tool can be
used to manually relocate the selected
piece to anywhere on the canvas.[21]

Marquee

The marquee is a tool that can make

selections that are single row, single
column, rectangular and elliptical.[21] An
area that has been selected can be edited
without affecting the rest of the image.
This tool can also crop an image; it allows
for better control. In contrast to the crop
tool, the "marquee" tool allows for more
adjustments to the selected area before
cropping. The only marquee tool that does
not allow cropping is the elliptical.
Although the single row and column
marquee tools allow for cropping, they are
not ideal, because they only crop a line.
The rectangular marquee tool is the
preferred option. Once the tool has been
selected, dragging the tool across the
desired area will select it. The selected
area will be outlined by dotted lines,
referred to as "marching ants". These
dotted lines are called "marching ants",
because the dashes look like ants
marching around the selected area. To set
a specific size or ratio, the tool option bar
provides these settings. Before selecting
an area, the desired size or ratio must be
set by adjusting the width and height. Any
changes such as color, filters, location, etc.
should be made before cropping. To crop
the selection, the user must go to image
tab and select crop.[27]

Lasso

The lasso tool is similar to the "marquee"

tool, however, the user can make a custom
selection by drawing it freehand.[21] There
are three options for the "lasso" tool –
regular, polygonal, and magnetic. The
regular "lasso" tool allows the user to have
drawing capabilities. Photoshop will
complete the selection once the mouse
button is released. The user may also
complete the selection by connecting the
end point to the starting point. The
"marching ants" will indicate if a selection
has been made. The "polygonal lasso" tool
will draw only straight lines, which makes
it an ideal choice for images with many
straight lines. Unlike the regular "lasso"
tool, the user must continually click around
the image to outline the shape. To
complete the selection, the user must
connect the end point to the starting point
just like the regular lasso tool. "Magnetic
lasso" tool is considered the smart tool. It
can do the same as the other two, but it
can also detect the edges of an image
once the user selects a starting point. It
detects by examining the color pixels as
the cursor move over the desired area. A
pixel is the smallest element in an image.
Closing the selection is the same as the
other two, which should also should
display the "marching ants" once the
selection has been closed.[28]

The quick selection tool selects areas

based on edges, similarly to the magnetic
lasso tool. The difference between this
tool and the lasso tool is that there is no
starting and ending point. For this reason,
the selected area can be added onto as
much as possible without starting over. By
dragging the cursor over the desired area,
the quick selection tool detects the edges
of the image. The "marching ants" allow
the user to know what is currently being
selected. Once the user is done, the
selected area can be edited without
affecting the rest of the image. One of the
features that makes this tool especially
user friendly is that the SHIFT key is not
needed to add more to the selection; by
default, extra mouse clicks will be added
to the selection rather than creating a new
selection.[29]

Magic wand
The magic wand tool selects areas based
on pixels of similar values. One click will
select all neighboring pixels of similar
value within a tolerance level set by the
user. If the eyedropper tool is selected in
the options bar, then the magic wand can
determine the value needed to evaluate
the pixels; this is based on the sample size
setting in the eyedropper tool. This tool is
inferior to the quick selection tool which
works much the same but with much
better results and more intuitive controls.
The user must decide what settings to use
or if the image is right for this tool.[30]

Eraser
The Eraser tool erases content based on
the active layer. If the user is on the text
layer, then any text across which the tool is
dragged will be erased. The eraser will
convert the pixels to transparent, unless
the background layer is selected. The size
and style of the eraser can be selected in
the options bar. This tool is unique in that
it can take the form of the paintbrush and
pencil tools. In addition to the straight
eraser tool, there are two more available
options – background eraser and magic
eraser. The background eraser deletes any
part of the image that is on the edge of an
object. This tool is often used to extract
objects from the background. The magic
eraser tool deletes based on similar
colored pixels. It is very similar to the
magic wand tool. This tool is ideal for
deleting areas with the same color or tone
that contrasts with the rest of the
image.[31]

Video editing

In Adobe CS5 Extended edition, video

editing is comprehensive and efficient with
a broad compatibility of video file formats
such as MOV, AVIand MPEG-4 formats and
easy workflow. Using simple combination
of keys video layers can easily be
modified, with other features such as
adding text and the creation of animations
using single images.[32]

3D extrusion

With the Extended version of Photoshop

CS5, 2D elements of an artwork can easily
become three-dimensional with the click
of a button. Extrusions of texts, an
available library of materials for three-
dimensional, and even wrapping two-
dimensional images around 3D
geometry.[32]
Mobile integration

Third-party plugins have also been added

to the most recent version of Photoshop
where technologies such as the iPad have
integrated the software with different
types of applications. Applications like the
Adobe Eazel painting app allows the user
to easily create paintings with their
fingertips and use an array of different
paint from dry to wet in order to create rich
color blending.[33]

Camera Raw
With the Camera Raw plug-in, raw images
can be processed without the use of
Adobe Photoshop Lightroom, along with
other image file formats such as JPEGs,
TIFFs, or PNGs. The plug-in allows users to
remove noise without the side-effect of
over-sharpening, add grain, and even
perform post-crop vignetting.[32]

3D printing tools

Requiring Photoshop version 14.1 or later,

users can create and edit designs for 3D
printing. After downloading 3D photo
models from numerous online services,
users can add color, adjust the shape or
rotate the angles. Artists can also design
3D models from scratch.[34]

Color replacement tool

The Color Replacement Tool allows the

user to change the color, while maintaining
the highlights and shadows of the original
image, of pieces of the image. By selecting
Brushs and right clicking, the Color
Replacement Tool is the third option down.
What is important to note with this tool is
the foreground color. The foreground color
is what will be applied when painting along
the chosen part of the image with the
Color Replacement tool.
Cultural impact
Photoshop and derivatives such as
Photoshopped (or just Shopped) have
become verbs that are sometimes used to
refer to images edited by Photoshop,[35] or
any image manipulating program. Such
derivatives are discouraged by Adobe[4]
because, in order to maintain validity and
protect the trademark from becoming
generic, trademarks must be used as
proper nouns.

Al d h t it d d i l t di
A landscape photo composited and manipulated in
Photoshop

A self-portrait photo merge, created using Photoshop

Version history
Older versions

Photoshop's naming scheme was initially

based on version numbers. Adobe
published thirteen versions (major and
minor changes) before the October 2003
introduction of Creative Suite branding. In
February 2013 Adobe donated the source
code of the 1990 1.0.1 version of
Photoshop to the Computer History
Museum.[36][37]

CS

The first Photoshop CS was commercially

released in October 2003 as the eighth
major version of Photoshop. Photoshop
CS increased user control with a reworked
file browser augmenting search versatility,
sorting and sharing capabilities and the
Histogram Palette which monitors
changes in the image as they are made to
the document. Match Color was also
introduced in CS, which reads color data to
achieve a uniform expression throughout a
series of pictures.[38]

CS2

Photoshop CS2, released in May 2005,

expanded on its predecessor with a new
set of tools and features. It included an
upgraded Spot Healing Brush, which is
mainly used for handling common
photographic problems such as
blemishes, red-eye, noise, blurring and lens
distortion. One of the most significant
inclusions in CS2 was the implementation
of Smart Objects, which allows users to
scale and transform images and vector
illustrations without losing image quality,
as well as create linked duplicates of
embedded graphics so that a single edit
updates across multiple iterations.[39]

Adobe responded to feedback from the

professional media industry by
implementing non-destructive editing as
well as the producing and modifying of 32-
Bit High Dynamic Range (HDR) images,
which are optimal for 3D rendering and
advanced compositing. FireWire Previews
could also be viewed on a monitor via a
direct export feature.[39]
Photoshop CS2 brought the Vanishing
Point and Image Warping tools.[39]
Vanishing Point makes tedious graphic
and photo retouching endeavors much
simpler by letting users clone, paint and
transform image objects while maintaining
visual perspective. Image Warping makes
it easy to digitally distort an image into a
shape by choosing on-demand presets or
by dragging control points.[39]

The File Browser was upgraded to Adobe

Bridge, which functioned as a hub for
productivity, imagery and creativity,
providing multi-view file browsing and
smooth cross-product integration across
Adobe Creative Suite 2 software.[39] Adobe
Bridge also provided access to Adobe
Stock Photos, a new stock photography
service that offered users one-stop
shopping across five elite stock image
providers to deliver high-quality, royalty-
free images for layout and design.

Camera Raw version 3.0 was a new

addition in CS2, and it allowed settings for
multiple raw files to be modified
simultaneously. In addition, processing
multiple raw files to other formats
including JPEG, TIFF, DNG or PSD, could be
done in the background without executing
Photoshop itself.[39]
Photoshop CS2 brought a streamlined
interface, making it easier to access
features for specific instances. In CS2
users were also given the ability to create
their own custom presets, which was
meant to save time and increase
productivity.[39]

CS2 activation servers' shutdown: In

January 2013, Adobe Photoshop CS2
(9.0), with some other CS2 products, was
released with an official serial number, due
to the technical glitch in Adobe's CS2
activation servers (see Creative Suite 1
and 2).
CS3

Smart Objects display filters without altering the

original image (here on Mac OS X)

CS3 improves on features from previous

versions of Photoshop and introduces new
tools. One of the most significant is the
streamlined interface which allows
increased performance, speed, and
efficiency. There is also improved support
for Camera RAW files which allow users to
process images with higher speed and
conversion quality. CS3 supports over 150
RAW formats as well as JPEG, TIFF and
PDF.[40] Enhancements were made to the
Black and White Conversion, Brightness
and Contrast Adjustment and Vanishing
Point Module tools. The Black and White
adjustment option improves control over
manual grayscale conversions with a
dialog box similar to that of Channel Mixer.
There is more control over print options
and better management with Adobe
Bridge. The Clone Source palette is
introduced, adding more options to the
clone stamp tool. Other features include
the nondestructive Smart Filters,
optimizing graphics for mobile devices,[41]
Fill Light and Dust Busting tools.[40]
Compositing is assisted with Photoshop's
new Quick Selection and Refine Edge tools
and improved image stitching
technology.[42]

CS3 Extended includes everything in CS3

and additional features. There are tools for
3D graphic file formats, video
enhancement and animation, and
comprehensive image measurement and
analysis tools with DICOM file support.[43]
The 3D graphic formats allow 3D content
to be incorporated into 2D compositions.
As for video editing, CS3 supports layers
and video formatting so users can edit
video files per frame.[40]

CS3 and CS3 Extended were released in

April 2007 to the United States and
Canada. They were also made available
through Adobe’s online store and Adobe
Authorized Resellers. Both CS3 and CS3
Extended are offered as either a stand-
alone application or feature of Adobe
Creative Suite. The price for CS3 is
US$649 and the extended version is
US$999. Both products are compatible
with Intel-based Macs and PowerPCs,
supporting Windows XP and Windows
Vista.[40] CS3 is the first release of
Photoshop that will run natively on Macs
with Intel processors: previous versions
can only run through the translation layer
Rosetta, and will not run at all on Macs
running Mac OS X 10.7 or later.

CS4

CS4 features smoother panning and

zooming, allowing faster image editing at
a high magnification. The interface is more
simplified with its tab-based interface[44]
making it cleaner to work with. Photoshop
CS4 features a new 3D engine allowing the
conversion of gradient maps to 3D objects,
adding depth to layers and text, and
getting print-quality output with the new
ray-tracing rendering engine. It supports
common 3D formats; the new Adjustment
and Mask Panels; Content-aware scaling
(seam carving[45]); Fluid Canvas Rotation
and File display options.[46] The Content-
aware scaling allows users to intelligently
size and scale images, and the Canvas
Rotation tool makes it easier to rotate and
edit images from any angle.[44]

Adobe released Photoshop CS4 Extended,

which has the features of Adobe
Photoshop CS4, plus capabilities for
scientific imaging, 3D, motion graphics,
accurate image analysis and high-end film
and video users. The faster 3D engine
allows users to paint directly on 3D
models, wrap 2D images around 3D
shapes and animate 3D objects.[44] As the
successor to Photoshop CS3, Photoshop
CS4 is the first x64 edition of Photoshop
on consumer computers for Windows.[47]
The color correction tool has also been
improved significantly.[44]

CS4 and CS4 Extended were released on

15 October 2008. They were also made
available through Adobe’s online store and
Adobe Authorized Resellers. Both CS4 and
CS4 Extended are offered as either a
stand-alone application or feature of
Adobe Creative Suite. The price for CS4 is
US$699 and the extended version is
US$999. Both products are compatible
with Intel-based Mac OS X and PowerPCs,
supporting Windows XP and Windows
Vista.[44]

CS5

A 2D landscape designed in Adobe Photoshop CS5

Extended
Photoshop CS5 was launched on 12 April
2010.[48] In a video posted on its official
Facebook page, the development team
revealed the new technologies under
development, including three-dimensional
brushes and warping tools.[49]

In May 2011, Adobe Creative Suite 5.5

(CS5.5) was released, with new versions of
some of the applications. Its version of
Photoshop, 12.1, is identical to the
concurrently released update for
Photoshop CS5, version 12.0.4, except for
support for the new subscription pricing
that was introduced with CS5.5.[50]
CS5 introduces new tools such as the
Content-Aware Fill, Refine Edge, Mixer
Brush, Bristle Tips and Puppet Warp. The
community also had a hand in the
additions made to CS5 as 30 new features
and improvements were included by
request. These include automatic image
straightening, the Rule-of-Thirds cropping
tool, color pickup, and saving a 16-bit
image as a JPEG. Another feature includes
the Adobe Mini Bridge, which allows for
efficient file browsing and
management.[51]

CS5 Extended includes everything in CS5

plus features in 3D and video editing. A
new materials library was added, providing
more options such as Chrome, Glass, and
Cork. The new Shadow Catcher tool can
be used to further enhance 3D objects. For
motion graphics, the tools can be applied
to over more than one frame in a video
sequence.[51]

CS5 and CS5 Extended were made

available through Adobe's online store,
Adobe Authorized Resellers and Adobe
direct sales. Both CS5 and CS5 Extended
are offered as either a stand-alone
application or a feature of Adobe Creative
Suite 5. The price for CS5 is US$699 and
the extended version is US$999.[51] Both
products are compatible with Intel-based
Mac OS X and Windows XP, Windows
Vista, and Windows 7.[52]

CS6

Photoshop CS6, released in May 2012,

added new creative design tools and
provided a redesigned interface[53] with a
focus on enhanced performance. New
features have been added to the Content-
Aware tool such as the Content-Aware
Patch and Content-Aware Move.[54]

Adobe Photoshop CS6 brought a suite of

tools for video editing. Color and exposure
adjustments, as well as layers, are among
a few things that are featured in this new
editor. Upon completion of editing, the
user is presented with a handful of options
of exporting into a few popular formats.[55]

CS6 brings the "straighten" tool to

Photoshop, where a user simply draws a
line anywhere on an image, and the canvas
will reorient itself so that the line drawn
becomes horizontal, and adjusts the
media accordingly. This was created with
the intention that users will draw a line
parallel to a plane in the image, and
reorient the image to that plane to more
easily achieve certain perspectives.[55]
CS6 allows background saving, which
means that while another document is
compiling and archiving itself, it is
possible to simultaneously edit an image.
CS6 also features a customizable auto-
save feature, preventing any work from
being lost.[55]

The price for CS6 is US$699 and the

extended version is US$999. Students,
however, even those who are
homeschooled, can receive a significant
discount on Photoshop.[56]

With version 13.1.3, Adobe dropped

support for Windows XP (including
Windows XP Professional x64 Edition);
thus, the last version that works on
Windows XP is 13.0.1. Adobe also
announced that CS6 will be the last suite
sold with perpetual licenses in favor of the
new Creative Cloud subscriptions, though
they will continue to provide OS
compatibility support as well as bug fixes
and security updates as necessary.[57]

CC

Photoshop CC (14.0) was launched on 18

June 2013. As the next major version after
CS6, it is only available as part of a
Creative Cloud subscription, the full
version of which costs $49 every month.
Major features in this version include All-
new Smart Sharpen, Intelligent
Upsampling, and Camera Shake Reduction
for reducing blur caused by camera shake.
Editable Rounded Rectangles and an
update to Adobe Camera Raw (8.0) were
also included.[58]

Since the initial launch, Adobe has

released two additional feature-bearing
updates. The first, version 14.1, was
launched on 9 September 2013. The major
features in this version were Adobe
Generator, a Node.js-based platform for
creating plug-ins for Photoshop.
Photoshop 14.1 shipped with two plug-ins,
one to automatically generate image
assets based on an extension in the layer
name, and another to automatically
generate assets for Adobe Edge Reflow.[59]

Version 14.2 was released on 15 January

2014. Major features include Perspective
Warp, Linked Smart Objects, and 3D
Printing support.[60]

CC 2014

Photoshop CC 2014 (15.0) was released

on 18 June 2014. CC 2014 features
improvements to content-aware tools, two
new blur tools (spin blur and path blur) and
a new focus mask feature that enables the
user to select parts of an image based on
whether they are in focus or not. Other
minor improvements have been made,
including speed increases for certain
tasks.[61][62]

CC 2015

Photoshop CC 2015 was released on 15

June 2015. Adobe added various creative
features including Adobe Stock, which is a
library of custom stock images. It also
includes and have the ability to have more
than one layer style.[63] For example, in the
older versions of Photoshop, only one
shadow could be used for a layer but in CC
2015, up to ten are available. Other minor
features like Export As, which is a form of
the Save For Web in CC 2014 were also
added. The updated UI as of 30 November
2015 delivers a cleaner and more
consistent look throughout Photoshop,
and the user can quickly perform common
tasks using a new set of gestures on
touch-enabled devices like Microsoft
Surface Pro.[64] CC 2015 also marks the
25th anniversary of Photoshop.[65]

CC 2017
Photoshop CC 2017 was released on 2
November 2016. It introduced a new
template selector when creating new
documents, the ability to search for tools,
panels and help articles for Photoshop,
support for SVG OpenType fonts and other
small improvements. In December 2016, a
minor update was released to include
support for the MacBook Pro Touch Bar.

CC 2018

Photoshop CC 2018 was released on 18

October 2017. It featured an overhaul to
the brush organization system, allowing
for more properties (such as color and
opacity) to be saved per-brush and for
brushes to be categorized in folders and
sub-folders. It also added brush stroke
smoothing, and over 1000 brushes created
by Kyle T. Webster (following Adobe's
acquisition of his website,
KyleBrush.com[66]). A Curvature Pen tool,
similar to the one in Illustrator, was added,
allowing for faster creation of Bézier
paths. Other additions were Lightroom
Photo access, Variable font support, copy-
paste layers, enhanced tooltips, 360
panorama and HEIF support, PNG
compression, algorithm improvements to
Face-aware and selection tools, improved
image resizing, and performance
improvements to file opening, filters, and
brush strokes.[67]

Photoshop Touch

Photoshop Touch was an application

designed specifically for tablets and
touchscreen devices. It included many of
the features of the personal computer
version, including layers, selection tools,
adjustments, and filters. Edited files could
be synced with Adobe Creative Cloud.
Photoshop touch was available on iOS and
Android. There were two iOS versions—one
designed for iPad and the other for iPhone
and iPod touch; both required iOS 5.0 or
later. Android versions could be installed
on any Android handset (4.0 and up) and
tablets (3.1 and up). It has since been
discontinued.[68]

See also
Creative Cloud controversy
Comparison of raster graphics editors
Image editing

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Further reading
Lev Manovich (2011). "Inside
Photoshop" . Computational Culture (1).
ISSN 2047-2390 . (asks: "How does
media authoring software shape the
media being created, making some
design choices seem natural and easy
to execute, while hiding other design
possibilities?")
External links
Official website
Photoshop at Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Is Photoshop Remixing the World?
Video produced by Off Book (web
series)

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title=Adobe_Photoshop&oldid=842307956"

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