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    Lab Report 11

    Uploaded by

    Daniel
    This lab report summarizes an experiment on an AC circuit with a resistor, inductor and capacitor. The objectives were to set up an RLC circuit and measure voltages using an AC voltmeter. Data was collected on voltages and currents at various frequencies. Calculations were done to determine impedance, inductance, capacitance and phase angles. While percentages differences for voltage measurements were small, the calculated inductance and capacitance values varied with frequency, possibly due to equipment limitations. Overall the experiment helped understand AC circuit behavior and verify equations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lab Report 11

    Uploaded by

    Daniel
    389 views5 pages
    This lab report summarizes an experiment on an AC circuit with a resistor, inductor and capacitor. The objectives were to set up an RLC circuit and measure voltages using an AC voltmeter. Data was collected on voltages and currents at various frequencies. Calculations were done to determine impedance, inductance, capacitance and phase angles. While percentages differences for voltage measurements were small, the calculated inductance and capacitance values varied with frequency, possibly due to equipment limitations. Overall the experiment helped understand AC circuit behavior and verify equations.

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    Physics

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    This lab report summarizes an experiment on an AC circuit with a resistor, inductor and capacitor. The objectives were to set up an RLC circuit and measure voltages using an AC voltmeter. Data was collected on voltages and currents at various frequencies. Calculations were done to determine impedance, inductance, capacitance and phase angles. While percentages differences for voltage measurements were small, the calculated inductance and capacitance values varied with frequency, possibly due to equipment limitations. Overall the experiment helped understand AC circuit behavior and verify equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    389 views5 pages

    Lab Report 11

    Uploaded by

    Daniel
    This lab report summarizes an experiment on an AC circuit with a resistor, inductor and capacitor. The objectives were to set up an RLC circuit and measure voltages using an AC voltmeter. Data was collected on voltages and currents at various frequencies. Calculations were done to determine impedance, inductance, capacitance and phase angles. While percentages differences for voltage measurements were small, the calculated inductance and capacitance values varied with frequency, possibly due to equipment limitations. Overall the experiment helped understand AC circuit behavior and verify equations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5
    At a glance
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    The key takeaways are that the experiment helped understand how voltage and current behave across different circuit elements in an AC circuit and proved the relevant equations.

    The objective of the experiment is to successfully setup a RLC and RC circuit and use the AC voltmeter to measure the voltage across the elements. Additionally, it aims to compute the inductance, capacitance, reactance, and the phase angles.

    An RLC circuit consists of a resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor. In an AC circuit, the voltage and current are not necessarily in phase for different elements.

    Lab Report

    EXPERIMENT TITLE: The AC Circuit

    DATE: 08/7/15

    AUTHOR’S NAME: Hung Luu

    LAB PARTNERS’ NAMES: Whitney Le, Mary Johnson, Janelle Buchanon

    OBJECTIVES OF THE EXPERIMENT: The objective of this experiment is to successfully setup a


    RLC and RC circuit and use the AC voltmeter to measure the voltage across the elements.
    Additionally, this experiment will also help in computing the inductance, capacitance, reactance,
    and the phase angles.

    BASIC THEORY: An RLC circuit is a circuit consists of a resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor. In
    direct current (DC) circuits, the current and voltage do not change with time. In an AC circuit,
    however, we typically apply a periodic signal, the simplest of which is sinusoidal

    V =V 0 sin( ω t).

    Note that ω is the angular frequency (measured in radians per second), and is related to the
    oscillation frequency f by ω=2 πf

    If we applied this sinusoidal voltage source to a resistor, then Ohm’s law would tell us that the
    current through the resistor at any instant of time would be given by

    V V0
    i= = sin ( ω t )=I 0 sin(ω t)
    R R

    Note that every time the voltage V reaches a maximum, the current i reaches a maximum. The
    same is true for the voltage and current reaching zero or a minimum. We then say that, for a
    resistor, the voltage and current are "in phase." Note also that Ohm’s law relates the amplitudes
    V0 and I0.

    This behavior is not the same for a capacitor or an inductor when connected to a sinusoidal
    voltage source. This is because the voltage and current in these devices are related to each
    other through a time derivative. For instance, the voltage across an inductor is proportional to
    the rate of change of current (di/dt) and not simply to i. For inductors and capacitors, the
    voltage and current are not in phase. In fact, for a single inductor or a single capacitor
    connected to a sinusoidal source, the current and voltage are 90° out of phase. In other words,
    when V reaches a maximum or minimum, i is zero and vice-versa. For a capacitor, the current i is
    90° ahead of the voltage, and in an inductor, the current is 90° behind the voltage. The
    amplitudes I0 and V0 are related to each other by something that sort of looks like Ohm's Law:

    Io
    V 0=I 0 X C = ( capacitor )
    ωC

    V 0=I 0 X L =I o ωL(inductor )

    Note that the quantity that looks like a "resistance" (technically called a "reactance") changes
    with frequency. From the above equation, we can see that a capacitor acts like it has a high
    reactance at low frequencies and a low reactance at high frequencies, while for an inductor it's
    the other way around.

    V0
    For a series RLC circuit, the amplitude of the current is given by I 0= , where Z is known as
    Z
    the impedance of the circuit (measured in units of ohms), and is given by

    Z =√ R 2+( X L −X C )2

    DATA AND CALCULATIONS: R = 1.061 k r = 1059 


    f AC Digital Voltmeter Calculated % dif
    Vrms
    Vrms VRrms VLrms VCrms

    50 4.0 0.615 0.026 3.95 3.97 0.75

    100 4.01 1.198 0.058 3.85 3.98 0.5

    500 4.0 3.46 0.52 2.25 3.87 3.25

    1000 4.0 3.84 1.125 1.258 3.84 4.0

    5000 4.01 2.34 3.33 0.15 3.95 1.25

    f Irms XL XC Z L C 

    50 5.8E-4 44.86 6815 6852 0.143 4.67E-7 -81.1

    100 0.001 51.37 3409 3521 0.082 4.67E-7 -72.5

    500 0.003 173.3 1283 1535 0.055 2.48E-7 -46.3

    1000 0.004 281.3 314.5 1061 0.045 5.06E-7 -1.79

    5000 0.002 1665 75 1911 0.053 4.24E-7 56.3

    Vrms = 7.65 V R = 5000  C = 0.5 F


    f 30 50 100 300 500

    VR 3.25 4.69 6.45 7.41 7.46

    VC 6.95 5.99 4.11 1.577 0.956

    RESULTS: With all the data we collected in the tables above, we computed the values below
    using the following equations

    V rms V 1
    I rms = X C measured = Crms X C calculated =
    R I rms 2 πfC

    V rms
    Z calculated =√ R + X C calculated
    2 2
    Z measured =
    I rms

    X C calculated
    R
    (¿)
    V calculated =√ V Rrms 2+V Crms2 ϕ calculated=tan−1 ¿

    f 30 50 100 300 500

    Irms 6.5E-4 9.38E-4 0.0013 0.0015 0.0015

    XC measured 1.07E-4 6386 3161 1051 637

    Zmeasured 1.18E-4 8156 5885 5100 5100


    XC calculated 10610 6366 3183 1061 636.6

    Zcalculated 11729 8094 5927 5111 5040

    Vcalculated 7.67 7.61 7.65 7.58 7.52

     calculated 64.77 51.85 32.48 11.98 7.26

    ANALYSIS: The experiment was a success overall. The percentage different we got in the data
    table 1 was fairly small and acceptable. However, in the data table 2, when we computed the
    inductance and capacitance, the values of those 2 should not vary with the frequency at all as
    they should be constant at all time. Yet the values we computed showed that L and C vary with
    the frequency. We even redid our calculation a couple times but the results were still the same.
    We all decided that the changes in L and C might be because of the equipment since all of the
    readings were all correct. Other than that, we could not find any other reason why the values
    changed with the frequency. The only thing should vary with the frequency is the impedence
    because it involved with the frequency.

    CONCLUSION: After doing the experiment, we now have a better understanding on how the
    current and voltage are across the elements in the RLC circuit. Plus, we were also able to prove
    the equations hold true.

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