Circle Cardioid: R A R A R A A R A A
Circle Cardioid: R A R A R A A R A A
Circle Cardioid: R A R A R A A R A A
1 2
1
1
2 2 4
2 2
1
4
r = 1+cos
r = 1-sin 2 2
r = -2cos 2
1
1 2 2 4
1
2
2
3
Limaçon Lemniscate
Without Inner Loop: a > b
r a 12 b cos Does not pass through pole 2 r 2 a 2 cos 2
r a b sin
10 r 2 a 2 sin 2
a > 0, b > 0 With Inner Loop: a < b
8 r = 4cos2 1 a≠0
Passes through pole twice
6 3
4 2 2 4
r = 4+3sin
3
r = -4cos2
2
2 2
r = 1+2sin 2
1
4
5 5 10 15 1
1
3 2
1
2
r4 = 1+4cos r = 44sin2 2 2
2 2
1
6 2 2 4
1 1
2 2 4 6
1
1
Rose Spiral
r a cos(n ) r a Spiral of Archimedes
r a sin(n ) r ea Logarithmic Spiral
3
If n ≠ 0 is even → 2n petals 8
If n ≠ ±1 is odd → n petals 1 6 4
3
1
r =
4
2 4 2 2 4 6
2
2
r = e 10
10 5 5 10 15 20
1 1
r = 3cos5 2
5 5
4
10
2
4 2 2 4 3 6
6
8
2
3
4 2 2 4 6
10 5 5 10 15 20
2
1
2
6
3 8