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    LMTD Calculation

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    musaveer
    According to Newton's Law of Cooling, the heat transfer rate depends on the temperature difference between hot and cold media. The mean temperature difference in a heat transfer process can be calculated using the Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) or the Arithmetic Mean Temperature Difference (AMTD). The LMTD calculation more accurately represents the non-linear change in secondary temperature, while the AMTD provides a satisfactory approximation if the smallest inlet/outlet difference is over half the largest difference.

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    LMTD Calculation

    Uploaded by

    musaveer
    488 views3 pages
    According to Newton's Law of Cooling, the heat transfer rate depends on the temperature difference between hot and cold media. The mean temperature difference in a heat transfer process can be calculated using the Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) or the Arithmetic Mean Temperature Difference (AMTD). The LMTD calculation more accurately represents the non-linear change in secondary temperature, while the AMTD provides a satisfactory approximation if the smallest inlet/outlet difference is over half the largest difference.

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    log mean temp difference

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    According to Newton's Law of Cooling, the heat transfer rate depends on the temperature difference between hot and cold media. The mean temperature difference in a heat transfer process can be calculated using the Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) or the Arithmetic Mean Temperature Difference (AMTD). The LMTD calculation more accurately represents the non-linear change in secondary temperature, while the AMTD provides a satisfactory approximation if the smallest inlet/outlet difference is over half the largest difference.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    488 views3 pages

    LMTD Calculation

    Uploaded by

    musaveer
    According to Newton's Law of Cooling, the heat transfer rate depends on the temperature difference between hot and cold media. The mean temperature difference in a heat transfer process can be calculated using the Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) or the Arithmetic Mean Temperature Difference (AMTD). The LMTD calculation more accurately represents the non-linear change in secondary temperature, while the AMTD provides a satisfactory approximation if the smallest inlet/outlet difference is over half the largest difference.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    According to Newton's Law of Cooling heat transfer rate is related to the

    instantaneous temperature difference between hot and cold media

     in a heat transfer process the temperature difference vary with position


    and time
    Mean Temperature Difference
    The mean temperature difference in a heat transfer process depends on the
    direction of fluid flows involved in the process. The primary and secondary
    fluid in an heat exchanger process may

     flow in the same direction - parallel flow or co-current flow


     in the opposite direction - counter-current flow
     or perpendicular to each other - cross flow

    With saturation steam as the primary fluid the primary temperature can be
    taken as a constant since the heat is transferred as a result of a change of
    phase only. The temperature profile in the primary fluid is not dependent on
    the direction of flow.

    Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference - LMTD


    The rise in secondary temperature is non-linear and can best be represented
    by a logarithmic calculation. A logarithmic mean temperature difference is
    termed

     LMTD (or DTLM) - Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference


    LMTD can be expressed as

    LMTD = (dto - dti) / ln(dto / dti) (1)

    where

    LMTD = Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (oF, oC)

    For parallel flow:

    dti = tpi - tsi = inlet primary and secondary fluid temperature difference (oF, oC)

    dto = tpo - tso = outlet primary and secondary fluid temperature difference
    (oF, oC)

    For counter flow:

    dti = tpi - tso = inlet primary and outlet secondary fluid temperature difference
    (oF, oC)

    dto = tpo - tsi = outlet primary and inlet secondary fluid temperature difference
    (oF, oC)

    The Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference is always less than the


    Arithmetic Mean Temperature Difference.

    Arithmetic Mean Temperature Difference - AMTD


    An easier but less accurate way to calculate the mean temperature difference
    is the

    AMTD (or DTAM) - Arithmetic Mean Temperature Difference


    AMTD can be expressed as:

    AMTD = (tpi + tpo) / 2 - (tsi + tso) / 2 (2)

    where

    AMTD = Arithmetic Mean Temperature Difference (oF, oC)

    tpi = primary inlet temperature (oF, oC)

    tpo = primary outlet temperature (oF, oC)


    tsi = secondary inlet temperature (oF, oC)

    tso = secondary outlet temperature (oF, oC)

    A linear increase in the secondary fluid temperature makes it more easy to do


    manual calculations. AMTD will in general give a satisfactory approximation for
    the mean temperature difference when the smallest of the inlet or outlet
    temperature differences is more than half the greatest of the inlet or outlet
    temperature differences.

    When heat is transferred as a result of a change of phase like condensation or


    evaporation the temperature of the primary or secondary fluid remains
    constant. The equations can then be simplified by setting

    tp1 = tp2

    or

    ts1 = ts2

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