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LANGUAGE LEARNING CENTER

Learn Tagalog Course Outline o The News

 The Tagalog POD and the
 Pronunciation English subject
 Vowels and consonants  Markers
o Vowels  Ang markers
o Consonants  Uses of Ang markers
o Extra consonants for loan  Ng markers
words  Common uses of Ng markers
o Letter names  Sa markers
o Diphthongs  Common uses of Sa markers
o How to pronounce /ll/ and  Summary
/ñ/  Pronouns
 Long vowels (stress) and  Ang pronouns
glottal stops o Personal pronouns
o Long vowels (stress)  Ikaw and ka
o Optional long vowels  Kami and tayo
o Final glottal stops  Polite “you”
o Optional glottal stops o Demonstrative pronouns
o Optional final /h/ sound  Clarification: near me
o Summary of pronunciation etc.
symbols used  This dog, that dog etc.
o Spelling system using  Shortened forms
diacritical marks o Uses of Ang pronouns
 Replaceable sounds  Ng pronouns
o Replaceable vowel sounds o Personal pronouns
o Other replaceable sounds  Namin and natin
 Forming and connecting words  Polite “your, (by) you”
 Roots and affixes o Demonstrative pronouns
 Sound changes when  This dog, that dog etc.
combining roots and affixes  Shortened forms
 Syllable repetition o Common uses of Ng
 Na/-ng pronouns
 Basic word order  Sa pronouns
 The POD and the News o Personal pronouns
o The POD  (Sa) amin and (sa) atin
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 Polite “yours, (to etc.) o pag-

you” o pag- +rep1
o Demonstrative pronouns o pagka-, pagkaka-
 This dog, that dog etc. o pakiki-
 Shortened forms o pakikipag-
o Common uses of Sa o pang-
pronouns o pang- +rep1
 Summary: markers and o tag-
1
pronouns o taga-
2
 Kita o taga- , tagapag-, tagapang-
 Kami ni John etc. o rep2-…-an
 Mismo  Compound nouns
 Nouns  Verbs, adjectives etc. used as
 Gender nouns
 Plurals  Verbs used as nouns and their
 Noun affixes objects
1
o -an  Verbs
2
o -an  The basic form
3
o -an  Roles of the POD
4
o -an  Verb affixes
5 1
o -an o -an
2
o -in o -an
3
o ka- o -an
4
o ka- +rep1, kaka- o -an
1 1
o ka-…-an o -an +rep2
2 2
o ka-…-an o -an +rep2
3 1
o ka-…-an o i-
2
o kaka- o i-
o mag- o i- +rep2
1
o mag- +rep1 o ika-
2 1
o mag- +rep1 o -in
2
o mang- +rep1 o -in
3
o pa- o -in
1
o pa-…-an o -in +rep2
2
o pa-…-an o ipa-
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o ipag- 1 o maka- 1, makapag-,

o ipag- 2 makapang-
o ipag- +rep1 o maka- 2
o ipang- 1 o maka- 3
o ipang- 2 o makapag-, makapang-
o ka-…-an 1 o maki- 1
o ka-…-an 2 o maki- 2
o ma- 1 o makipag-
o ma- 2 o makipag-…-an
o ma- 3 o mang- 1
o ma- 4 o mang- 2
o ma- 5 o mang- 3
o ma- 6 o mang- 4
o ma- +rep2 o mang- 5
o ma-…-an 1 o mapa- 1
o ma-…-an 2 o mapa- 2
o ma-…-an 3 o pa-…-an 1
o mag- 1 o pa-…-an 2
o mag- 2 o pa-…-in
o mag- 3 o pag-…-an 1, pang-…-an
o mag- 4 o pag-…-an 2
o mag- 5 o pag-…-an 3
o mag- +rep1 o pag- +rep1-…-an 1
o mag- +rep2 1 o pag- +rep1-…-an 2
o mag- +rep2 2 o pag- +rep1 +rep1-…-an 1
o mag-…-an o pag- +rep1 +rep1-…-an 2
o magka- 1 o pag-…-in 1
o magka- 2 o pag-…-in 2
o magka- 3 o pag- +rep1-…-in
o magka- +rep2 o pag- +rep1 +rep1-…-in
o magkanda- o pag- +rep2-…-in
o magma- o pang-…-an
o magpa- o papang-…-in
o magpaka- o (-)um- 1
o magsi-, magsipag- o (-)um- 2
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o (-)um- 3  Kailangan, dapat, pwede

o (-)um- +rep2 + verb/noun/etc.
 Aspects o Repeated pseudo-verbs
o Overview  Adjectives
o Completed  Identical adjectives and nouns
o Uncompleted  Gender
o Unstarted  Affixed and unaffixed
o Summary adjectives
o Recently completed  Adjective affixes
o Intensive recently o -in
completed o ka-
 Irregular verbs o ka- +rep2
 Commands, requests and o ma-
wishes o ma-…-in, ma- +rep1-…-in
o Commands o magka-
o Requests o magkaka-
o Let’s eat, go etc. o maka-
o I wish, I hope etc. o mapag-
o Huwag o naka-
 Repeated verbs and verb roots o nakaka-
 Verbs expressing mental states o nakakapang-
1
or perception o pa-
2
 Basic forms used as nouns o pa-
o Adjective + basic form o pa- +rep2
o Non-basic-form verb + o pala-
basic form o pang-
 Maging  Compound adjectives
 Roots used as verbs  Intensity
 Pseudo-verbs o Intensifiers and downtoners
o Overview  Group 1
o Using pseudo-verbs  Group 2 (followed by
 Ayaw, gusto, kaya, the root)
kailangan o Repeated adjectives
 Ayaw, gusto, kaya, o Repeated non-adjective
kailangan + basic form roots
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o Adjectives with syllable o Numbers in use

repetition o Other words expressing
 Plural adjectives quantity or distribution
 Comparing persons or things  ilan
o Equality  iilan
 sing- / kasing-  marami
 sing- +rep1 / kasing-  kaunti’
+rep1  kakaunti’
 magsing- / magkasing-  kalahati’
 magsising- /  kapiraso
magkakasing-  parte
o Inequality  karamihan
 hindi’ kasing-  lahat
 mas… (kaysa) + Sa  bawa’t
phrase  Expressing similarity
o Superlative o Gaya, ganito, ganito ka-
 pinaka-  gaya/kagaya + Ng
 Other describing words phrase
 Expressing quantity or  ganito, ganyan, ganoon
distribution  ganito/ganyan/ganoon
o Cardinal numbers ka-
o Spanish-derived cardinal o Para
numbers  para -ng
o Ordinal numbers o Tulad
o Fractions  tulad/katulad + Ng
o Other number expressions phrase
 In twos etc. o Mukha’
 Only two etc.  mukha’ -ng
 Only in twos etc.  kamukha’ + Ng phrase
 Two each (for two  Expressing manner
persons or things) etc.  Expressing location
 Two each (for three or o Nasa
more persons or things) o Nandito, nandiyan,
etc. nandoon
 Hundreds etc. o Sa
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o Dito, diyan, doon  pag- and pagka-

o Eto, ayan, ayun  nang
o Wala’ sa, wala’ rito  kung kailan/kelan…,
o May saka’…
o Positions  oras na
 Expressing source or  mula’ nang, mula’
destination noong
o mula’ (sa)  habang
o hanggang (sa)  samantala’ -ng
o galing (sa)  hanggang sa
o papunta sa  tuwing
 Expressing extent  bago
 Expressing time, frequency or  pagkatapos (-ng)
duration  Expressing condition
o Month names o kung
o Days of the week o kung sakali’ -ng
o Parts of the day o hangga’t
o Clock time o basta’t
o General time expressions o ngayon -ng… na
o Time expressions with an o pwera na lang kung,
introducing word maliban na lang kung
 sa o kung hindi’ lang
 noong  Expressing cause, result or
 nang purpose
 kung, kapag, pag o dahil, gawa’ ng
 tuwing o dahil sa
 kada o porke
 mula’ o kaya’
 hanggang o para
o Combining time o para sa
expressions o alang-alang sa
o Time clauses o at nang
 pag, kapag, pagka,  Expressing contrast
kapagka o kahit, maski
 noong o imbes na, sa halip na
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o pwera sa, maliban sa  na 3

 Expressing possibility  na 4
o baka  time expression + na
o baka sakali’ -ng  future time expression +
o siguro na
o mukha’ -ng, para -ng  pag… na
o malamang  verb expressing ability
o sigurado -ng, tiyak na in completed form + na
 Expressing other relationships  hindi’ na… kahit kailan
o bukod sa  kahit na, maski na 1
o nang hindi’, nang wala’  kahit na, maski na 2
o tungkol sa  na lang 1
o uli’, ulit  na lang 2
o talaga (-ng)  na lang 3
o halos  na naman
o muntik na (-ng), kamuntik  … na, … pa 1
na (-ng)  … na, … pa 2
o lalo (-ng)  (kahit na)… na, … pa
o lalo na rin
o sa madaling salita’  na rin
o sa bandang huli  na rin lang
o sa wakas  ngayon -ng… na
 Enclitic words  pwera na lang kung,
 Overview maliban na lang kung
 Using enclitic words  Other sentences and
o Enclitic words and na/-ng phrases:
o Order of enclitic words o Pa
o Enclitic words in clauses or  pa
Ang/Ng/Sa phrases  future time expression +
o Exceptions to the follow- pa
the-first-word rule  past time expression +
 Meanings of enclitic particles pa 1
o Na  past time expression +
 na
1
pa 2 / mula’ pa
 na
2
 hindi’ pa… kahit kailan
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LANGUAGE LEARNING CENTER

 pa lang  Other sentences and

 … pa lang, … na phrases:
 … pa, … na o Naman
1
 pa rin  naman
2
 Other sentences and  naman
3
phrases:  naman
4
o Man  naman
 … man o…
5
 naman
6
 hindi’ man lang  naman
 wala’ man lang
7
 naman
o Nga’  Other sentences and
 nga’
1
phrases:
 nga’
2
o Daw/Raw
 nga’
3
 daw/raw
 nga’ Po’/Ho’
4
o
 basic form + nga’  po’/ho’
1

 (sana), … nga’ lang  po’/ho’

2

 … nga’, … naman o Ba
 ‘yun nga’ lang  ba
 Other sentences and  hindi’ ba, di ba
phrases:  akala’ ko ba
o Din/Rin o Pala
1 1
 din/rin  pala
2 2
 din/rin  pala
3 3
 din/rin  pala
o Lang  Other sentences and
 lang phrases:
 verb in recently o Kaya’
 kaya’
1
completed form + lang
 (sana)… kaya’ lang  kaya’
2

/ kaso lang  e kung… kaya’

 kung hindi’ (nga’) lang o Muna
1
(sana)  muna
 kung… lang sana
2
 muna
3
 muna
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o Tuloy o Answering yes/no questions

 tuloy starting with may, meron or
o Kasi wala’
1
 kasi  Confirmation questions
2
 kasi o Answering affirmative
o Yata’ confirmation questions
 yata’ o Answering negative
o Sana confirmation questions
1
 sana  Alternative questions
2
 sana o Answering alternative
 verb in unstarted form questions
+ sana  Please-repeat questions
 May, mayroon/meron, marami,  Questions using question
wala’ words
 Overview o Overview of question
 Stand-alone meron/marami/ words
wala’ o Using question words
 Meron/marami/wala’ + nito etc.  Ano
 May/meron/marami/wala’ +  Alin
verb/adjective/etc. used as a  Kailan (kelan)
noun  Bakit
o Indicating existence or non-  Sino
existence  Nino
o Indicating possession or  Kanino
non-possession  Na kanino
 May/meron/marami/wala’ +  Saan (san)
noun + verb  Nasaan (nasan, asan)
 Walang ka- +rep2  Paano (pano)
o walang ka- +rep2  Kumusta / kamusta
 Questions (musta)
 Yes/no questions  Gaano (gano)
o Answering affirmative  Ilan
yes/no questions  Magkano
o Answering negative yes/no  Other sentence structures
questions  Negation
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o Hindi’  POD-first sentences

 hindi’ o POD–ay–News
 hinding hindi’ o POD–pause–News
 hindi’… kahit kailan  Additional notes on word order
o Ewan  Greetings and other social
 ewan + Ng phrase expressions
1
 ewan… kung o For different times of day
2
 ewan… kung o How are you?
o Ni o For chance meetings
 ni + hindi’/wala’/etc. o When someone is eating
o Ni… ni o At someone’s home
 ni… ni + o On the phone
hindi’/wala’/etc. o Bye
o Other o Special occasions
 Kahit (na) ano etc. o Thanks
 At, o, pero etc. o Other
o at o Polite expressions
o at saka (tsaka, chaka)  Other useful sentences
o (at) pati  Opening particles
o o o a
o o kaya’ o ano
o pero o bale
o kundi’ o bweno
o Hindi’ lang… kundi’ o bweno, bweno
o Wala’… kundi’
1
o e
2
 Buti at, salamat at etc. o e
3
 Indirect speech or thought o e
1
o Introduced by na/-ng or o e di
2
kung o e di
 na/-ng o ha?
1 1
 kung o o
2 2
 kung o o
o Not introduced by na/-ng or o tapos
kung  Closing particles
1
 Sentences with no POD o a
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LANGUAGE LEARNING CENTER

o a2
1
o e
2
o e
3
o e
1
o ha
2
o ha?
3
o ha?
1
o no
2
o no?
1
o o
2
o o
 Interjections