Section – Two Part – 3

Electrical Specification Motors and Starters

Part -3

MOTORS & STARTERS

1.0 GENERAL

The Contractor shall supply and install the motors and the starters under other sections when so
mentioned, as shown on the Drawings and as herein specified.

Motor starting method and corresponding furnished starter shall be concordant.

2.0 RATING OF MOTORS

Motors shall be suitable for operation on 220-240 volt single phase or 380-420 volt 3-phase, 3-wire,
50 Hz system and shall be dripproof fan cooled to IEC 34-6 induction motor type unless otherwise
indicated or specified. All motors shall have a service factor of 1.15.

Motors of ratings smaller than 5 HP shall be single phase and those of ratings 5 HP and larger shall
be three phase, unless otherwise indicated or approved.

Motors of rating larger than five (5) horsepower and up to 50 HP shall be star-delta starting type,
unless otherwise permitted or required by the Local Authorities.

Motors of rating five (5) horse power and smaller shall be direct on line starting type and those above
50 HP shall have auto transformer type starters unless otherwise specified or indicated on the
drawings.

Every motor shall be of sufficient capacity to operate the driven equipment under all load and
operating conditions without exceeding its rated name-plate current or power or its specified
temperature limit. The horsepower ratings for motors shown on the Drawings must be considered as
an indication only. For the use of motors other than that specified, the Contractor shall assume
the cost of, and responsibility for satisfactorily accomplishing all changes (including en -
gineering costs of redesign by the Engineer) in the work as indicated and specified. All derating
resulting from site conditions shall be allowed for in the design.

Motor performances shall comply with the requirements of IEC 34-1.

3.0 TYPES OF MOTORS

All motors shall be of a type approved for starting characteristics and ruggedness as may be
required under the actual conditions of operation.

All motors shall have class F insulation as a minimum requirement.

The motors shall be designed so that the maximum temperature rise at continuous run under full load
and operation conditions shall be in accordance with IEC Standards for Motors and Generators and
based on the local ambient temperature.

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Section – Two Part – 3
Electrical Specification Motors and Starters

4.0 GENERAL DESIGN OF MOTORS

Motor windings shall be braced to withstand successfully the stresses resulting from the method of
starting. The windings shall be treated thoroughly with approved insulating compound suitable for
protection against moisture and slightly acid or alkaline conditions.

Bearings shall be of the self-lubricating type, designed to ensure proper alignment of rotor and shaft,
and to prevent leakage of lubricant.

Bearings for open motors shall be of the sleeve or ball type, as specified under respective items of
mechanical equipment.

Indoor motors located in relatively clean surrounding, free from any abrasive or conducting dust or
chemical fumes, shall be enclosed ventilated dripproof type. Otherwise motors shall be totally
enclosed fan cooled type.

Vertical motors if any shall be provided with thrust bearings adequate for all thrusts to which they
can be subjected in operation.

Vertical motors of open type shall be provided with drip hoods of approved shape and construction.
When the drip hood is too heavy to be easily removed, provision shall be made for access for testing.

5.0 MOTOR TERMINAL BOXES AND LEADS

Motors shall be furnished with oversize conduit terminal boxes to provide for making and
housing the connections and with flexible leads of sufficient length to extend for a distance of not
less than 10 cm beyond the face of the box. The size of cable terminals and conduit terminal box
holes shall be as approved by the Engineer. An approved type of solderless lug shall be supplied.
Totally enclosed motors shall have cast iron terminal boxes.

6.0 MOTOR SHOP TESTS

Motor shop tests shall be made in accordance with IEC Test Code or approved equal.

Complete tests of each motor supplied shall be made and certified shop test data sheets shall be
submitted, unless witness shop tests are required by the Detail Specifications pertaining to the
equipment. Each motor shall be tested for efficiency and power factor at 50, 75 and 100 percent
of its rated horsepower, for temperature rise, torque, starting current and dielectric strength; and
for compliance with all specified performance requirements.

7.0 MOTOR STARTERS

Motor Starters shall be built and sized in accordance with IEC Standard 158-1,BS 5424 and
IEC 292-1&2, or approved equal. Starters shall be non-reversing, magnetic type unless otherwise
indicated or specified.

All starters shall be provided with thermal cutout devices in each phase calibrated for close
protection of the motors against overloads. These devices shall trip the starters in case of overload
and shall not allow it to be reset except manually. The thermal overload relays shall be adjustable
from 90 to 110 percent of nominal rating. A single calibration adjusts all three legs. The overload
relay shall be ambient compensated.

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Electrical Specification Motors and Starters

The starter shall be provided with auxiliary contacts for the connection of signaling,
interlocking and other circuits as required for the controls.

Unless otherwise indicated, all starters shall be provided with START-STOP pushbuttons, and
RED and GREEN pilot lights, all located on the starter front cover. An overload reset button shall
be provided inside the cover. Pushbuttons shall be momentary contact or maintained type as
applicable to the function of control.

Starters shall have horsepower ratings at least equal to ratings of motors they serve.

Voltage of control circuit shall not exceed 240 volts for starters in motor control centers or panels.
Individually mounted starters or combination starters may have their control voltage on 380-415
volts provided local regulations or local inspectors do not forbid the use of same. The Contractor
when utilizing such voltage for control shall provide a clear warning of existence of such voltage
within the station. If 240 volts are required by the local regulations or local inspectors, a neutral
conductor shall be brought within the feeder of the starter of approved cross section, at no extra
charge.

Starters shall be electrically held in, providing inherent undervoltage release.

Starters when not part of a motor control center and are located outdoors shall be encased in an
IP 55 enclosure, unless otherwise indicated.

A. Direct on line (DOL) Starters

DOL starters for voltages up to and including 1000V a.c. shall comply with IEC 947. They shall be
rated for intermittent periodic duty or intermittent duty class 0.3 and comply with the requirements of
utilization category AC-3.

B. Automatic Star-Delta (ASD) Starters

In all types of star-delta starters the correct phase relationship between the star and delta connections
to minimise disturbance on changeover shall be maintained. For example, if the supply phase
sequence is L1, L2, L3 and the star point is S then connections shall be as follows:-
Winding 1 Winding 2 Winding 3
beginning/end beginning/end beginning/end

Connection
In STAR L1 S L2 S L3 S

Connection
In DELTA L1 L3 L2 L1 L3 L2

In all star-delta starters the star and delta contactors shall be electrically and mechanically interlocked
so that they cannot close or be closed at the same time.
Where overload relays are connected in the phase circuit, the overload relay scales shall be clearly
marked to show whether they represent line current or whether the scale must be multiplied by 1.7 to
represent line current.

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Electrical Specification Motors and Starters

C. Open Transition and Closed Transition Start-Delta Starters

Automatic changeover timers shall be adjustable from one second up to at least 20 seconds but the
transition from star to delta windings shall be achieved without any intentional delay. Closed
transition timers shall have tamper-proof factory-set adjustment.

Closed transition star-delta starters shall be arranged for Wauchope connection. The grid resistors
shall be rated for 12 seconds in any 90 seconds, for a 260 deg.C rise from a 40 deg.C ambient
temperature. Cables connecting onto the grid resistors shall be heat resisting type suitable for the
above temperature rise.

Resistance banks shall be housed in separate sections of the control panel or starter.

8.0 AUTO-TRANSFORMER STARTERS

Shall comply with BS EN 60947-4.1 (1992). They shall be rated for intermittent duty Class 0.3 and
shall comply with the requirements of utilization category AC-3. The starters shall be arranged for
'Korndorffer' closed transition connection. The transformer shall, unless otherwise specified, have
tappings of 65%, 70% and 75% of line voltage.

A. Starters for Dual-Wound and Pole-Change Motors

Shall be electrically and mechanically interlocked so that it is impossible for both high and low speed
contactors to close or be closed at the same time. The parts of the composite starter shall comply
with the relevant specification for individual starters. Adjustable timers shall be fitted into the
control circuit so that there is a time delay between switching off the high speed contactor and
switching on the low speed contactor. When high speed is selected the motor shall run in low speed
for a preset time before changing to high speed.

B. Soft-Start/Stop Starters

Soft start/stop starters shall be supplied as a unit with an enclosure suitable for panel mounting.

Starters shall be rated for 380V a.c., 50 Hz supply an a temperature operating range of 0 to 50 deg.C.
Noise and impulse immunity shall be to ANSI C37-90A, IEC 225-4, IEE 472 (1974) and SEN
361503.

Soft start shall be via a range of switch selectable ramp times of between 0.5 and 60 seconds with a
ramp voltage which increases linearly with time.

Soft stop shall be via a range of switch selectable ramp times of between 1 to 120 seconds.

The control circuit shall incorporate a remote emergency stop facility. This function shall override
the normal `soft stop' of the starter.

Filters shall be provided at the inlet and outlet of such devices.

The harmonic current spectrum of each soft-start/stop starter shall be provided by the manufacturer
for the calculation and provision of suitable filtration at the electrical switchboard.

A contactor shall be provided to isolate the soft start/stop unit when the motor is not required to run.
The contactor shall be arranged to switch 'off-load'.

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Electrical Specification Motors and Starters

The maximum starter current shall be 2.0 times full load.

The control panel manufacturer shall calculate the maximum heat dissipation from all soft-start
devices and incorporate adequate ventilation methods to ensure that the internal temperature within
the control does not exceed 40 deg.C.

C. Frequency Drives (Inverters)

Frequency inverter drives shall be of the ABB SAMI range type or alternative, approved by the
Engineer.

The frequency drive shall employ pulse width modulation (PWM) using thyristor or transistor
switches.

The rating of the frequency drive shall be sufficient for the continuous maximum rating of the motor
and not its running load.

The frequency drive unit shall have an efficiency in excess of 90%.

Facilities shall be provided to allow the connection of an emergency Stop Push Button to ensure
effective direct stopping of the drive if dangerous situations arise. The means provided shall include
direct connection to an air-break, e.g. a contactor, arranged such that its opening on-load:

a) does not inhibit any in-built deceleration provided by the variable speed controller.
b) does not produce additional safety hazards
c) and does not cause damage to the controller.

Such contactors must be IEC 947 with utilisation category AC-3. The frequency drive shall be
capable of switching on to a motor already rotating in either direction.

If the mains cable distance between the motor control panel (MCP) and the motor exceeds 30 meters
the inverter shall be located adjacent to the motor, otherwise the inverter shall be housed within the
MCP.

Inverter Technical Features:

The input to the frequency drive shall be of an uncontrolled bridge rectifier type, to limit harmonic
distortion.

The speed shall be smoothly adjustable, and controlled by one of the following:

Potentiometer - manual operation

Overcurrent, short-circuit and earth fault protection of the output shall be provided within the control
system to comply with the IEE Regulations. Reset of any fault condition shall be manual.

The system shall provide protection against phase loss. If not included within the frequency drive,
then an external phase loss detection device shall be fitted.

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Electrical Specification Motors and Starters

Full rated output shall be provided continuously with an ambient temperature of 50 deg.C. The
control panels housing frequency drives shall be provided with suitably rated ventilation fan to
ensure that this temperature is not exceeded.

The starting arrangement shall include a ramp speed control, to achieve starting currents not
exceeding normal full load current wherever possible.

The output frequency range shall nominally be 1Hz to 50 Hz.

The frequency drives shall provide the following visual information:

- Motor Speed, Motor Overload, Motor Short Circuit, Overvoltage, Undervoltage, Equipment
heating.

- The control circuits shall be immune to interference caused by operating on normal raw mains
supply in an industrial environment.

- Where frequency drive systems might be a source of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)
sufficient to interfere with the proposed functioning of adjacent computer based equipment, RFI
suppression at source shall be applied.

- The manufacturer shall provide details regarding the production of mains-borne interference and
harmonic. Written guarantees shall be given by the manufacturer that these levels of
interference and harmonics shall not be exceeded over the full operating speed of the drive.

- Where screening of cables between the frequency drive and motor is required, the type of cable
recommended must be indicated at the tender stage. The recommended cable must ensure that
the level of any radio interference is limited to comply with BSEN 55014:1993.

- The harmonic current spectrum of each frequency drive shall be provided by the manufacturer
for the calculation and provision of suitable filtration at the electrical switchboard.
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9.0 MOTOR CIRCUIT PROTECTIVE DEVICES

Motor circuit protective devices are rated in accordance with IEE Wiring Regulations. Alternative
proposals based on manufacturers recommendations shall be subject to the Engineer's Approval. The
Contractor shall in any case be responsible to assure that the circuit protective devices shall
carry the starting current with no tripping, and if reducing trip rating results in a reduction in frame
size, the Contractor shall make sure that the new rating withstands the available short circuit
current.

10.0 APPLICABLE STANDARDS

1. Specification of Contractors : BS 5424 Part 2 (1993).

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