Test Procedure

THAI TRAFO MANUFACTURING CO.,LTD.
OFFICE: 115 Preedaview Building, Soi Chokechai Chongjumroen, Rachadapisek Rd,(Rama 3), Yannava,
Bangkok 10120 THAILAND. Tel.(66)022952121-32, Fax: (66) 02295-2132
TEST ITEMS
ROUTINE TEST
• Measurement of Winding Resistance

• Measurement of Voltage Ratio and Checked of Phase Displacement
• Measurement of Insulation Resistance
• Oil-Dielectric Strength Test
• Separate-Source Voltage Withstand Test
• Induce Over voltage Withstand Test
• Measurement of Short-Circuit Impedance and Load Loss
• Measurement of No-Load Loss and Exciting Current
• Transformer oil leakage test
TYPE TEST
• Lightning Impulse Withstand Test (BIL)

• Temperature Rise Test
MEASUREMENT OF WINDING RESISTANCE
Reference Standard
1. IEC Publication 60076-1: Power transformer Part1: Sub-Clause 10.2

2. ANSI C57.12.90-1999: Standard Test Code for Liquid-Immersed Distribution,
Power, and Regulating Transformers: Sub-Clause 5
Purpose and Method of Measurement
The resistance of transformer winding is routinely measured to verify its

continuity and connection. The resistance between all pairs of phase terminal of each
transformer winding is measured using direct current. The measurement is performed for
each connection of connectable winding and for each tapping connection. Furthermore
the corresponding winding temperature is measured. In the report the terminals, between
which the resistance are measured, the connection, the tapping position and the
temperature of the winding during the measurement are state
Circuit and Apparatus
RD1
RESISTOMAT
c
C
b
B
a
A
List of Equipment and Instrument
1. RD1, Resistomat, Type 2304, Accuracy ±0.068%

2. Digital Thermometer, Fluke 52, Accuracy ±1°C
3. Digital thermometer, PD-2 mc ,RKC , accuracy ±1°C
Acceptance Criterion
The measured resistance should be similar to designed value at reference temperature and
reasonable with the connection diagram.
MEASURMENT OF VOLTAGE RATIO

AND CHECK OF PHASE DISPLACEMENT
Reference Standard
1. IEC Publication 60076-1: Power transformer Part 1

Power, and Regulating Transformers: Sub-Clause 6
Purpose and Method of Measurement
The purpose of measurement is to check that the deviation of the voltage ratio
from the specific value does not exceed the limit given in the relevant standard (generally
+/-0.5%). The phase displacement of the transformer is checked in the same time.
Test Circuit and Apparatus
a A
B
b
c C
n
Ratio Meter
Multi-amp X H
List of equipment and instrument
Ratio Meter Multi-Amp, TR800, Accuracy ±0.2%
The percentage deviation of voltage ratio shall be ±0.5% of declared ratio. The
polarity of single-phase transformer and the connection symbol of three-phase
transformer shall be right.
MEASUREMENT OF INSULATION RESISTANCE
Reference Standard
1. IEC Publication 60076-3 : Power transformers Part 3 : Insulation levels and

dielectric tests
Power, and Regulating Transformers: Sub-Clause 10.11
Purpose and method of measurement
The purpose of the measurement is to determine the leakage current resistance of the
insulation. This is a function of moisture and impurity contents of the insulation and of its
temperature. Measurement of insulation resistance shall be measured from winding to
earth and between winding by mega-ohm meter and the temperature of the winding shall
be records. Measurement of the insulation resistance shall be record. Measurement of
insulation resistance shall be measured as following:
• Between HV and ground (2500 V)

• Between LV and ground (2500 V)
• Between HV and LV (2500 V)
Test Circuit and apparatus
a
+ - A
b B
Megger c
BM11D C
n
Digital insulation tester HV to LV under tested

List of Instrument and Equipment
1. Digital insulation tester, BM11D, AVO, Accuracy ± 5%

Permissible insulation resistance of the transformer shall be more than 2000 Mohm
OIL DIELECTRIC STRENGTH TEST
Reference Standard
1. IEC publication 60156: Insulating liquids-Determination of the breakdown

voltage at power frequency test method
Purpose and method of measurement
The test method is performed in accordance with IEC publication 60156.

Sampling the transformer oil to the container with 2.5 mm gap setting. The voltage 50Hz
shall be applied between the electrode and rising up the voltage until breakdown occurs.
The maximum voltage shall be recorded in kV.
Test circuit and Apparatus
Test Transformer
V Test Vessel
AC Voltage 61.8 Hz
Electrodes Sample oil

Automatic dielectric strength test set “AVO”, OTS80 AF/2, Accuracy ±5%
Transformer oil dielectric strength shall not be less than 50 kV.

SEPARATE-SOURCE VOLTAGE WITHSTAND TEST
Reference Standard
1. IEC publication 60076-3: Power transformer Part 3: Insulation levels and

dielectric tests
2. ANSI C57.12.90-1999: Standard Test Code for Liquid-Immersed
Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers: Sub-Clause 10.6
Purpose and Test Method
Dielectric tests with separate source voltage are performed to prove the
strength of the main insulation between the test winding and the insulation
between winding and earth parts, withstand the temporary over voltage and
switching over voltages which may occur in service. The separate-source voltage
test shall be made with single-phase approximately sinusoidal at rated frequency
(not less than 80% of rated). The voltage shall be applied for 60 s between the
winding under test and the other part of transformer connected to earth as
following
• Between HV and LV + ground
• Between LV and HV + ground
C B A
DMI 551
c b a n
Transformer 20KVA
220V-80KV
1. AC. Voltage Measuring System, Accuracy ±3%

• Digital measuring instrument, DMI 551
• Capacitor voltage divider 100pF, 100kV
2. Test transformer, single phase transformer 10 KVA 100kV/220V
Acceptance Criteria
There is no collapse of the test voltage occurs.

INDUCE OVER VOLTAGE WITHSTAND TEST
Reference Standard
1. IEC publication 60076-3: Power transformer Part 3 : Insulation levels and

dielectric tests
Purpose and Test Method
Dielectric tests with induce voltage are performed mainly to proved the
strength of the insulation between turn and winding for double power frequency
stresses. The test will also demonstrate the strength of insulation from winding to
earth and between phase of multi-phase unit. The induce over voltage test shall
be made with approximately sinusoidal. The twice voltage shall be applied on one
of the windings. The remaining winding shall be left open-circuited, the duration
of the test shall be 120 x (rated frequency/test frequency) but not less than 15
second (according to IEC Standard) or applied for 7200 cycles (according to
ANSI Standard)
CT PT
c C
b B
Generator 160KVA 400Hz a A

A1
V
A2 n
A3
Test Object
1. Test set generator 400 Hz

2. Current transformer 50/5 A, Accuracy 1%
3. Ammeter “Norma”,1.2..6 A
4. Potential Transformer 1000/100 V, Accuracy 1%
5. Voltmeter “Norma” model 500029
Acceptance Criteria
There is no collapse of the test voltage occurs.

MEASUREMENT OF SHORT-CIRCUIT IMPEDANCE

AND LOAD LOSS
Reference Standard
1. IEC publication 60076-1 : Power transformer Part 1 : General

Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers: Sub-Clause 9
Purpose and Test method
The short-circuit impedance and load loss of winding shall be measured at rated
frequency and relevant rated current (tapping current) not less than 50% with
approximately sinusoidal voltage applied to one winding. The temperature of the
winding shall be record to rated current and reference temperature of 75 °C or 85
°C
SET UP TRANSFORMER
item2.1
CT PT
n
A a
B b
VARIABLE VOLTAGE
C c
TRANSFORMER item 2.2
TEST OBJECT
A ± V ±
DIGITAL POWER METER
1. Current transformer “YOKOGAWA”, Accuracy 1%

2. Potential transformer “YOKOGAWA”, Accuracy 1%
3. Power meter “YOKOGAWA”, 2533, Accuracy 0.5%
Acceptance criteria
The acceptance of transformer load loss shall be lower than the guarantee
values or within tolerance of +15% of guarantee values and voltage impedance
shall be ±10% of guarantee values
MEASURMENT OF NO-LOAD LOSS AND CURRENT
Reference standard
1. IEC publication 60076-1 : Power transformer Part 1 : General

Purpose and test method
The no-load loss and current shall be measure on one of the winding at
rated frequency and voltage on principle tapping. The remaing winding shall be
left open-circuited.
Test circuit and Apparatus
CT PT
c C
b B
a
A
n
TEST OBJECT
A ± V ±
DIGITAL POWER METER

The acceptance of transformer no-load loss and current shall be lower than
guarantee values or within tolerance of +15% of no-load loss guarantee values
and +30% of no-load current guarantee values.
LIGHTNING IMPULSE WITHSTAND TEST
Reference standard
1. IEC publication 60076-3 : Power transformer

2. IEC publication 600722 : Guide to lightning impulse and switching
impulse testing of power transformer and reactor.
The test method was performed in accordance with ANSI C57.12.00 The
test impulse is a full standard lightning impulse 1.2 ± 30% / 50 ± 20% μS,
negative polarity. The time to chopping (TC) is 1-3 μS. The test voltage was
applied to the power transformer winding under tested with the
connection circuit as shown in figure below. The test was carried out on
each phase and the test sequence per line terminal are one reduced full
impulse at a voltage between 50% - 75% of the full voltage followed by
two 115% chopped impulse ,one 100% full impulse.
Test Circuit and apparatus
3 φ Transformer
Sphere
Rse
Gap A B C
Rsi Rp
Cs To
Current
To
Recorder
Impulse Voltage
Generator Recorder
a b c n
1. Impulse voltage test system 400 kV “HAEFELY” type SGS400
The absence of significant difference between voltage & current record at

reduced impulse and those full impulse evidence that the insulation has withstand
the test.
TEMPERATURE-RISE TEST
Reference standard
1. IEC publication 60076-1 : Power transformer General

2. IEC publication 60076-2 : Power transformer Temperature-Rise
The transformer is subjected to a test voltage equal to the total losses of

the transformer. The test is continued until a steady-state oil temperature rise is
established or oil temperature rise has fallen below 1 °K per hour and has
remained there for a period of 3 hours. The test current is reduced immediately to
rated current and maintained for 1 hour, then disconnected the test power supply.
The resistance of HV and LV winding are measured for a sufficient time.
Test circuit and apparatus
CT PT
n
A a
B b
C c
Top oil
upper
lower
A ± V ± Amb. 1
Amb. 2
DIGITAL POWER METER Amb. 3
Temperature Recorder

4. Resistomat, Type 2304, Accuracy ±0.068%
Acceptance criterion
The limits temperature rise for top oil and average winding temperature
rise are not exceed than guarantee values.

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THAI TRAFO MANUFACTURING CO.,LTD.

• Measurement of Winding Resistance

• Lightning Impulse Withstand Test (BIL)

MEASUREMENT OF WINDING RESISTANCE

1. IEC Publication 60076-1: Power transformer Part1: Sub-Clause 10.2

Purpose and Method of Measurement

The resistance of transformer winding is routinely measured to verify its

Circuit and Apparatus

List of Equipment and Instrument

1. RD1, Resistomat, Type 2304, Accuracy ±0.068%

MEASURMENT OF VOLTAGE RATIO

1. IEC Publication 60076-1: Power transformer Part 1

Purpose and Method of Measurement

Test Circuit and Apparatus

List of equipment and instrument

Ratio Meter Multi-Amp, TR800, Accuracy ±0.2%

MEASUREMENT OF INSULATION RESISTANCE

1. IEC Publication 60076-3 : Power transformers Part 3 : Insulation levels and

Purpose and method of measurement

• Between HV and ground (2500 V)

Test Circuit and apparatus

Digital insulation tester HV to LV under tested

List of Instrument and Equipment

1. Digital insulation tester, BM11D, AVO, Accuracy ± 5%

OIL DIELECTRIC STRENGTH TEST

1. IEC publication 60156: Insulating liquids-Determination of the breakdown

Purpose and method of measurement

The test method is performed in accordance with IEC publication 60156.

Test circuit and Apparatus

Electrodes Sample oil

List of Equipment and Instrument

Transformer oil dielectric strength shall not be less than 50 kV.

SEPARATE-SOURCE VOLTAGE WITHSTAND TEST

1. IEC publication 60076-3: Power transformer Part 3: Insulation levels and

Purpose and Test Method

Test Circuit and Apparatus

List of equipment and instrument

1. AC. Voltage Measuring System, Accuracy ±3%

2. Test transformer, single phase transformer 10 KVA 100kV/220V

There is no collapse of the test voltage occurs.

INDUCE OVER VOLTAGE WITHSTAND TEST

1. IEC publication 60076-3: Power transformer Part 3 : Insulation levels and

Purpose and Test Method

Test Circuit and Apparatus

Generator 160KVA 400Hz a A

List of Equipment and Instrument

1. Test set generator 400 Hz

There is no collapse of the test voltage occurs.

MEASUREMENT OF SHORT-CIRCUIT IMPEDANCE

1. IEC publication 60076-1 : Power transformer Part 1 : General

Purpose and Test method

Test Circuit and Apparatus

List of equipment and instrument

1. Current transformer “YOKOGAWA”, Accuracy 1%

MEASURMENT OF NO-LOAD LOSS AND CURRENT

1. IEC publication 60076-1 : Power transformer Part 1 : General

Purpose and test method

Test circuit and Apparatus

List of equipment and instrument

1. Current transformer “YOKOGAWA”, Accuracy 1%