Problem 548

The inverted T section of a 4-m simply supported beam has the properties shown in Fig.
P-548. The beam carries a uniformly distributed load of intensity wo over its entire
length. Determine wo if fbt ≤ 40 MPa and fbc ≤ 80 MPa.

Solution 548
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Mmax=18woL2Mmax=18woL2
Mmax=18wo(42)Mmax=18wo(42)
Mmax=2woMmax=2wo

Mr=fbIyMr=fbIy

Mt=40(30×106)80Mt=40(30×106)80
Mt=15000000N⋅mmMt=15000000N⋅mm
Mt=15kN⋅mMt=15kN⋅m

Mc=80(30×106)200Mc=80(30×106)200
Mc=12000000N⋅mmMc=12000000N⋅mm
Mc=12kN⋅mMc=12kN⋅m

The section is stronger in tension and weaker in compression, so compression governs in

selecting the maximum moment.

Mmax=MrMmax=Mr
2wo=122wo=12
wo=6kN/mwo=6kN/m answer

Problem 549
A beam with cross-section shown in Fig. P-549 is loaded in such a way that the
maximum moments are +1.0P lb·ft and -1.5P lb·ft, where P is the applied load in
pounds. Determine the maximum safe value of P if the working stresses are 4 ksi in
tension and 10 ksi in compression.

Solution 549
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At M = +1.0P lb·ft the upper fiber is in compression while the lower fiber is in tension.
M=MrM=Mr
M=fbIyM=fbIy

For fibers in compression (upper fiber):

Mc=10(192)(1000)2.5Mc=10(192)(1000)2.5
1.0P=768000lb⋅in1.0P=768000lb⋅in
1.0P=64000lb⋅ft1.0P=64000lb⋅ft
P=64000lbP=64000lb

For fibers in tension (lower fiber):

Mt=4(192)(1000)4Mt=4(192)(1000)4
1.0P=192000lb⋅in1.0P=192000lb⋅in
1.0P=16000lb⋅ft1.0P=16000lb⋅ft
P=16000lbP=16000lb

At M = -1.5P lb·ft, the upper fiber is in tension while the lower fiber is in compression.
M=MrM=Mr
M=fbIyM=fbIy
For fibers in compression (lower fiber):
Mc=10(192)(1000)4Mc=10(192)(1000)4
1.5P=480000lb⋅in1.5P=480000lb⋅in
1.5P=40000lb⋅ft1.5P=40000lb⋅ft
P=26666.67lbP=26666.67lb

For fibers in tension (upper fiber):

Mt=4(192)(1000)2.5Mt=4(192)(1000)2.5
1.5P=307200lb⋅in1.5P=307200lb⋅in
1.5P=25600lb⋅ft1.5P=25600lb⋅ft
P=17066.67lbP=17066.67lb

The safe load P = 16 000 lb answer

Problem 550
Resolve Prob. 549 if the maximum moments are +2.5P lb·ft and -5.0P lb·ft.

Solution 550
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At M = +2.5P
Mc=10(192)(1000)2.5→ upper fiber
2.5P=768000lb⋅in
2.5P=64000lb⋅ft
P=25600lb

Mt=4(192)(1000)4→ lower fiber

2.5P=192000lb⋅in
2.5P=16000lb⋅ft
P=6400lb

At M = -5.0P lb·ft
Mc=10(192)(1000)4→ lower fiber
5.0P=480000lb⋅in
5.0P=40000lb⋅ft
P=8000lb

Mt=4(192)(1000)2.5→ upper fiber

5.0P=307200lb⋅in
5.0P=25600lb⋅ft
P=5120lb

Use P = 5 120 lb answer

Problem 551
Find the maximum tensile and compressive flexure stresses for the cantilever beam
shown in Fig. P-551.

Solution 551
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M=4(6)(3)−10(6)=12kN⋅mM=4(6)(3)−10(6)=12kN⋅m
R=4(6)−10=14kNR=4(6)−10=14kN

x10=6−x14x10=6−x14
14x=60−10x14x=60−10x
x=2.5mx=2.5m

fb=MyIfb=MyI

At M = +12.5 kN·m
fbc=12.5(130)(10002)100×106fbc=12.5(130)(10002)100×106
fbc=16.25MPa→fbc=16.25MPa→ upper fiber

fbt=12.5(200)(10002)100×106fbt=12.5(200)(10002)100×106
fbt=25MPa→fbt=25MPa→ lower fiber

At M = -12 kN·m
fbc=12(200)(10002)100×106fbc=12(200)(10002)100×106
fbc=24MPa→fbc=24MPa→ lower fiber

fbt=12(130)(10002)100×106fbt=12(130)(10002)100×106
fbt=16.6MPa→fbt=16.6MPa→ lower fiber

Maximum flexure stresses:

fbc = 24 MPa at the fixed end answer
fbt = 25 MPa at 2.5 m from the free end answer
Problem 552
A cantilever beam carries the force and couple shown in Fig. P-552. Determine the
maximum tensile and compressive bending stresses developed in the beam.

Solution 552
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R=5kipR=5kip
M=5(8)−30M=5(8)−30
M=10kip⋅ftM=10kip⋅ft

fb=MyIfb=MyI

At M = +10 kip·ft of moment diagram

fbc=10(6)(12)90=8ksi→fbc=10(6)(12)90=8ksi→ upper fiber

fbt=10(2)(12)90=2.67ksi→fbt=10(2)(12)90=2.67ksi→ lower fiber

At M = -20 kip·ft of moment diagram

fbc=20(2)(12)90=5.33ksi→fbc=20(2)(12)90=5.33ksi→ lower fiber
fbt=20(6)(12)90=16ksi→fbt=20(6)(12)90=16ksi→ upper fiber

Maximum bending stresses:

fbc=8ksifbc=8ksi answer
fbt=16ksifbt=16ksi answer

Problem 553
Determine the maximum tensile and compressive bending stresses developed in the
beam as shown in Fig. P-553.

Solution 553
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ΣMR2=0ΣMR2=0
15R1+4500=1500(9)15R1+4500=1500(9)
R1=600lbR1=600lb

ΣMR1=0ΣMR1=0
15R2=1500(6)+450015R2=1500(6)+4500
R2=900lbR2=900lb

fb=MyIfb=MyI

At M = +3600 lb·ft
fbc=3600(2.5)(12)96.0fbc=3600(2.5)(12)96.0
fbc=1125psi→fbc=1125psi→ upper fiber

fbt=3600(8.0)(12)96.0fbt=3600(8.0)(12)96.0
fbt=3600psi→fbt=3600psi→ lower fiber

At M = -1800 lb·ft
fbc=3600(8.0)(12)96.0fbc=3600(8.0)(12)96.0
fbc=1800psi→fbc=1800psi→ lower fiber

fbt=3600(2.5)(12)96.0fbt=3600(2.5)(12)96.0
fbt=562.5psi→fbt=562.5psi→ upper fiber

Maximum flexure stresses

fbc=1800psifbc=1800psi answer
fbt=3600psifbt=3600psi answer

Problem 554
Determine the maximum tensile and compressive stresses developed in the overhanging
beam shown in Fig. P-554. The cross-section is an inverted T with the given properties.

Solution 554
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ΣMR2=0
12R1=1600(15)+4000(6)
R1=4000lb

ΣMR1=0
12R2+1600(3)=4000(6)
R2=1600lb

fb=MyI

At M = -4800 lb·ft
fbc=4800(2)(12)84
fbc=1371.43psi→ lower fiber

fbt=4800(7)(12)84
fbt=4800psi→ upper fiber

At M = +9600 lb·ft
fbc=9600(7)(12)84
fbc=9600psi→ upper fiber

fbt=4800(2)(12)84
fbt=2742.86psi→ lower fiber

Maximum flexure stress:

fbc=9600psi answer
fbt=4800psi answer

Problem 555
A beam carries a concentrated load W and a total uniformly distributed load of 4W as
shown in Fig. P-555. What safe value of W can be applied if fbc ≤ 100 MPa and fbt ≤ 60
MPa? Can a greater load be applied if the section is inverted? Explain.

Solution 555
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ΣMR2=0ΣMR2=0
4R1=6W+4W(2)4R1=6W+4W(2)
R1=3.5WR1=3.5W

ΣMR1=0ΣMR1=0
4R2+2W=4W(2)4R2+2W=4W(2)
R2=1.5WR2=1.5W

x2.5W=4−x1.5Wx2.5W=4−x1.5W
1.5Wx=10W−2.5Wx1.5Wx=10W−2.5Wx
x=2.5mx=2.5m

fb=MyIfb=MyI

At M = -2W

For lower fiber, fbc ≤ 100 MPa

100=2W(125)(1000)24×106100=2W(125)(1000)24×106
W=9600NW=9600N

For upper fiber, fbt ≤ 60 MPa

60=2W(75)(1000)24×10660=2W(75)(1000)24×106
W=9600NW=9600N

At M = 1.125W

For upper fiber, fbc ≤ 100 MPa

100=1.125W(75)(1000)24×106100=1.125W(75)(1000)24×106
W=28444.44NW=28444.44N

For lower fiber, fbt ≤ 60 MPa

60=1.125W(125)(1000)24×10660=1.125W(125)(1000)24×106
W=10240NW=10240N

For safe load W, use W = 9600 N answer

Discussion:
At W = 9600 N, the allowable fb in tension and compression are reached simultaneously when M
= -2W. This is the same even if the section is inverted. Therefore, no load can be applied greater
than W = 9600 N.
Problem 556
A T beam supports the three concentrated loads shown in Fig. P-556. Prove that the NA
is 3.5 in. above the bottom and that INA = 97.0 in4. Then use these values to determine
the maximum value of P so that fbt ≤ 4 ksi and fbc ≤ 10 ksi.

Solution 556
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A1=9(4)=36in2A1=9(4)=36in2
A2=9(1.5)(2)=27in2A2=9(1.5)(2)=27in2
A3=1(1.5)(2)=3in2A3=1(1.5)(2)=3in2
A=A1−A2+A3=36−27+3A=12in2A=A1−A2+A3=36−27+3A=12in2

Ay¯=ΣAnyAy¯=ΣAny
12y¯=36(4.5)−27(4.5)+3(0.5)12y¯=36(4.5)−27(4.5)+3(0.5)
y¯=3.5iny¯=3.5in (ok!)

Ix=Σ(bh33)Ix=Σ(bh33)
Ix=4(93)3−2⋅1.5(93)3+2⋅1.5(13)3Ix=4(93)3−2⋅1.5(93)3+2⋅1.5(13)3
Ix=244in4Ix=244in4

By transfer formula for moment of inertia:

Ix=INA+Ad2Ix=INA+Ad2
244=INA+12(3.5)2244=INA+12(3.5)2
INA=97in4INA=97in4 (ok!)

By symmetry:
R1=R2=2.5PR1=R2=2.5P

fb=MyIfb=MyI

At M = -4P lb·ft
Lower fiber is in compression:
10000=4P(3.5)(12)9710000=4P(3.5)(12)97
P=5773.81lbP=5773.81lb

Upper fiber is in tension:

4000=4P(9−3.5)(12)974000=4P(9−3.5)(12)97
P=1469.7lbP=1469.7lb

At M = 5P lb·ft
Lower fiber is in tension:
4000=4P(3.5)(12)974000=4P(3.5)(12)97
P=1847.62lbP=1847.62lb

Upper fiber is in compression

10000=5P(9−3.5)(12)9710000=5P(9−3.5)(12)97
P=2939.39lbP=2939.39lb

For safe value of P, use P = 1469.7 lb answer

Problem 557
A cast-iron beam 10 m long and supported as shown in Fig. P-557 carries a uniformly
distributed load of intensity wo (including its own weight). The allowable stresses are
fbt≤ 20 MPa and fbc ≤ 80 MPa. Determine the maximum safe value of wo if x = 1.0 m.
Solution 557
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By symmetry:
R1=R2=12(10wo)R1=R2=12(10wo)
R1=R2=5woR1=R2=5wo

fb=MyIfb=MyI

At M = -0.5wo x2 N·m when x = 1 m, M = -0.5wo N·m

For fiber in compression (lower)

80=0.5wo(50)(1000)36×10680=0.5wo(50)(1000)36×106
wo=115200N/mwo=115200N/m
wo=115.2kN/mwo=115.2kN/m

For fiber in tension (upper)

20=0.5wo(180)(1000)36×10620=0.5wo(180)(1000)36×106
wo=8000N/mwo=8000N/m
wo=8kN/mwo=8kN/m
At M = -0.5wo x2 + 0.5wo(5 - x)2 N·m when x = 1 m , M = 7.5wo N·m

For fiber in compression (upper)

80=7.5wo(180)(1000)36×10680=7.5wo(180)(1000)36×106
wo=2133.33N/mwo=2133.33N/m
wo=2.13kN/mwo=2.13kN/m

For fiber in tesnion (lower)

20=7.5wo(50)(1000)36×10620=7.5wo(50)(1000)36×106
wo=1920N/mwo=1920N/m
wo=1.92kN/mwo=1.92kN/m

For safe load wo, use wo = 1.92 kN/m answer

Problem 558
In Prob. 557, find the values of x and wo so that wo is a maximum.

Solution 558
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From Solution 557, tension governs at both positive and negative maximum moments.

At M = -0.5wo x2 N·m:
20=0.5wox2(180)(1000)36×10620=0.5wox2(180)(1000)36×106
wo=8000/x2wo=8000/x2

At M = -0.5wo x2 + 0.5wo(5 - x)2 N·m:

20=[0.5wox2+0.5wo(5−x)2](50)(1000)36×10620=[0.5wox2+0.5wo(5−x)2](50)(1000)36×10
6
14400=−0.5wox2+0.5wo(5−x)214400=−0.5wox2+0.5wo(5−x)2
28800=−wox2+wo(5−x)228800=−wox2+wo(5−x)2
28800=−wox2+wo(25−10x+x2)28800=−wox2+wo(25−10x+x2)
28800=−wox2+(25−10x)wo+wox228800=−wox2+(25−10x)wo+wox2
28800=(25−10x)wo28800=(25−10x)wo
28800=(25−10x)(8000/x2)28800=(25−10x)(8000/x2)
(28800x2/8000)=25−10x(28800x2/8000)=25−10x
185x2=25−10x185x2=25−10x
18x2=125−50x18x2=125−50x
18x2+50x−125=018x2+50x−125=0
x=1.59 m and −4.37(absurd)x=1.59 m and −4.37(absurd)
use x = 1.59 m answer

wo=8000/1.592wo=8000/1.592
wo=3164.43N/mwo=3164.43N/m
wo=3.16kN/mwo=3.16kN/m answer