Biography of President Ir.

Soekarno
First President of the Republic of Indonesia, Sukarno, who used to be called Bung Karno, born in
Blitar, East Java, June 6, 1901 and died in Jakarta, 21 June1970. His father named Raden Soekemi
Sosrodihardjo and his mother Ida AyuNyoman Rai. During his life, he has three wives and has
eight children.Fatmawatiwife have children from Guntur, Megawati, Rachmawati, Sukmawati
andthunder. From wife Hartini have Taufan and Bayu, while the wife Ratna SariDewi, the woman
whose original name was derived Japanese Naoko NemotoKartika have children ..Sukarno's
childhood just a few years living with his parents in Blitar. During theelementary to graduate, he
lives in Surabaya, homestay in the home Haji Oemar Said Tokroaminoto, veteran politician
Sarekat founder of Islam. Then go toschool in HBS (Hoogere Burger School). While studying at
HBS, Sukarno wasgalvanizing spirit of nationalism. After he graduated from HBS in 1920, moved
toBandung and continue to THS (Technische Hoogeschool or Technical HighSchool who is
now the ITB). He won the title "Ir" on May 25, 1926.Then, he formulated and established the
doctrine Marhaenisme PNI (Nationalist Party of Indonesia) on July 4, 1927, with the aim of an
independent Indonesia. Asa result, the Netherlands, put into prison Sukamiskin, Bandung on
December 29,1929.Eight months later a new trial. In his defense titled Indonesia Menggugat,he
showed apostasy Netherlands, a nation that claims it is more advanced.Defense that made the
Dutch more and more angry. So in July 1930, the PNIwas dissolved. After his release in 1931,
Sukarno joined Partindo and at thesame time lead. As a result, he was re-arrested by the Dutch and
exiled to Ende,Flores, 1933. Four years later moved to Bengkulu.After going through a long
struggle, Bung Karno and Bung Hatta proclaimedIndonesia's independence on August 17, 1945.
In the trial BPUPKI June 1, 1945,Ir.Soekarno the idea of the basic state called Pancasila. August
17, 1945, Ir Soekarno and Drs. Mohammad Hatta proclaimed Indonesia's independence. Inthe trial
PPKI, August 18, 1945 Ir.Soekarno elected by acclamation as the firstPresident of the Republic of
Indonesia.Previously, he was also able to formulate that later became the basis of Pancasila
(ideology) of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia. He seeks to unite thearchipelago. Even Sukarno
tried to gather the nations in Asia, Africa and LatinAmerica with the Asian-African Conference in
Bandung in 1955, which later evolved into the Non-Aligned Movement.Rebellion G-30-S/PKI
bear great political crisis that led to rejection of theAssembly of accountability. Instead the
Assembly appoint Suharto as ActingPresident. His health continued to deteriorate, which on
Sunday, June 21, 1970he died at the army hospital. He was buried at Wisma Yaso, Jakarta and
wasburied in Blitar, East Java, near the tomb of his mother, Ida Ayu NyomanRai. Government
conferred him as "Hero of the Proclamation". (From VariousSources)
 Biografi Muhammad Hatta
Mohammad Hatta or often called Bung Hatta was the first Vice President of Indonesia.
Mohammad Hatta was born in Bukit tinggi, West Sumatera on August 12th, 1902. His father is
Haji Mohammad Djamil and his mother is Siti Saleha. His father died when he was eight months
old. Hatta married to Rahmi Hatta on November 18th, 1945. The couple had three children named
Meutia Farida Hatta, Gemala Rabi’ah Hatta, and Halida Nuriah Hatta.

Hatta started his education at a private school named Sekolah Melayu. Then he went to ELS
(European Language School). He continued his school to MULO (Meer Uitgebreid Lager
Onderwijs). Hatta began to show his interested in politics and national movement since he was
sixteen years old. He joined Jong Sumatranen Bond and he was chosen as the treasurer.

In 1919, Hatta went to Hogere Burgerschool (HBS) in Batavia (Jakarta). He finished his study
with distinction in 1921 and he was allowed to continue his study to Rotterdam School of
Commerce in Netherlands. He took economics as his major and got a doctorandus degree. He then
continued to pursue his doctorate degree, but he didn’t finish his thesis because politics had taken
over his life.

In Netherlands Hatta joined the Indische Vereeniging. In 1922, Indische Vereeniging changed its
named to Indonesische Vereeniging (Perhimpoenan Indonesia). Hatta was the treasurer from 1922-
1925 and then he became the chairman from 1926-1930. Perhimpoenan Indonesia then changed
from a student organization to political organization that demand for Indonesia’s Independence. It
expressed its voice through a magazine called Indonesia Merdeka of which Hatta was the editor.

Hatta attended congresses all over Europe to gain more support from other nations, he always as
the chairman of Indonesia delegation. By the middle of 1927, Perhimpoenan Indonesia’s activites
had alarmed the Dutch authorities. On June 1927, Dutch authorities put Hatta and four other
Indonesian activists in jail. In 1929, Hatta and other Perhimpoenan Indonesia activists were
released.
 Biografi RA Kartini dalam bahasa inggris
R.A Kartini’s Childhood
Raden Adjeng Kartini was born in Jepara on April 21, 1876. She comes from a noble family. Her
father, Raden Mas Adipati Ario Sosroningrat is a regent who governed Jepara at that time. While
her mother, MA Ngasirah descended from the common people. Like the other children from
noble descent in general, she lived in prosperity and strict Javanese rules. She is the 5th child of
11 brothers and sisters coming from her biological and stepmother. Among her siblings from her
biological mother, she is the eldest daughter.
R.A Kartini studied in the ELS School (Europese Lagere School). She studied Dutch language
there, so that she could speak Dutch language very well.
R.A Kartini’s Adolescence.
When she was 12 years old, she had to quit studying because she had to do “pingit” at that time,
a rule of Javanese custom that forbid woman to go outside before marriage. Finally, on 12th
November 1983 she was married to Raden Adipati Joyodiningrat.
After getting married, R.A Kartini never stopped learning. She continued to study in her own
house by reading a lot of European books and magazines. When she was reading them, she found
a great difference between European women’s life with Indonesian women. European women
live in freedom and they have the same equivalent position with men. While, Indonesia women
lived under man’s power.
Based on that fact, she had an idea to change Indonesian women’s life. She along with her
friends opened the first school for women in Indonesia in 1912 in Semarang. They taught
Indonesian women how to read and write, so that they could come out of ignorance.
In addition to teaching, she also wrote letters to her friends in the Netherlands. One of them is
Rosa Abendanon which strongly supported Kartini’s idea. She also often wrote to the Dutch
women’s magazine De Hollandsche Lelie several times.
Thanks to her efforts, many women schools were built in other areas such as in Surabaya,
Yogyakarta, Malang, Madiun, and Cirebon. Moreover, there was also Kartini Foundation,
founded by Van Deventer’s family who is a political figures, opened Kartini’s School.
R.A Kartini’s Death
On 13th September 1904, RA Kartini died after giving birth to her son named RM Soesalit. She
was 25 years old at that time. Although she had passed away, her spirit and brilliant ideas remain
alive and inspire Indonesian women to continue the struggle to make her dream comes true.
Even her spirit made a Dutch figure, Mr.JH Abendanon, compiled and published her letters sent
to her friends in Europe entitle “Duisternis DOOR TOT Licht”, which means “Through Darkness
to Light”.
For her contribution, she was awarded as Indonesian national hero because of her ideas which
improve Indonesian women level, on May 2, 196