Sieve Analysis: Plate No. 1

PLATE NO.
SIEVE ANALYSIS
I- INTRODUCTION
In order to classify a soil for engineering purposes, one needs to
know the distribution of the size of grains in a given soil mass. Sieve analysis
is a method used to determine the grain size distribution of soils. Sieves are
made of woven wires with square openings. Note that as the sieve number
increases the size of the openings decreases. Table 4-1 gives a list of the U.S.
standard sieve numbers with their corresponding size of openings. For all
practical purposes, the No. 200 sieve is the sieve with the smallest opening
that should be used for the test. The sieves that are most commonly used for
soil tests have a diameter of 8 in. (203 mm).
A stack of sieves is shown in Fig. 4-1.
The method of sieve analysis described here is applicable for soils

that are mostly granular with some or no fines. Sieve analysis does not provide
information as to shape of particles.
II- METHODS/ PROCEDURE
1. Collect a representative oven dry soil sample. Samples having largest

particles of the size of No . 4 sieve openings (4.75 mm) should be about
500 grams. For soils having largest particles of size greater than 4.75 mm,
larger weights are needed.
2. Break the soil sample into individual particles using a mortar and a rubber-
tipped pestle. (Note: The idea is to break up the soil into individual particles,
not to break the particles themselves.)
3. Determine the mass of the sample accurately to 0.1 g CW).
4. Prepare a stack of sieves. A sieve with larger openings is placed above a
sieve with smaller openings. The sieve at the bottom should be No. 200. A
bottom pan should be placed under sieve No. 200. As mentioned before,
the sieves that are generally used in a stack are Nos. 4, 10,20,40,60, 140,
and 200; however, more sieves can be placed in between.
5. Pour the soil prepared in Step 2 into the stack of sieves from the top.
6. Place the cover on the top of the stack of sieves.
7. Run the stack of sieves through a sieve shaker for about 10 to 15 minutes.
8. Stop the sieve shaker and remove the stack of sieves.
9. Weigh the amount of soil retained on each sieve and the bottom pan.
10. If a considerable amount of soil with silty and clayey fractions is retained
on the No. 200 sieve, it has to be washed. Washing is done by taking the
No. 200 sieve with the soil retained on it and pouring water through the
sieve from a tap in the laboratory (Fig. 4-2). When the water passing
through the sieve is clean, stop the flow of water. Transfer the soil retained
on the sieve at the end of washing to a porcelain evaporating dish by back
washing (Fig. 4-3). Put it in the oven to dry to a constant weight. (Note: This
step is not necessary if the amount of soil retained on the No. 200 sieve is
small.) Determine the mass of the dry soil retained on No. 200 sieve. The
difference between this mass and that retained on No. 200 sieve
determined in Step 9 is the mass of soil that has washed through
 DOCUMENTATION
III- RESULTS
Sieve no. Sieve opening Mass of soil Cumulative Percent finer

(mm) retained on retained above (%)
each sieve, Wn each sieve,
(g) ∑Wn (g)
4 4.75 224.9 224.9 80.19
8 2.36 126.85 351.75 69.02
50 0.297 608.63 960.38 44.93
60 .250 150.41 1110.79 36.30
80 .180 386.02 1496.81 14.17
230 .063 183.68 1680.49 3.64
Pan 63.4 1743.89 0
Sieve no. Mass of soil retained on

each sieve (g)
4 224.9
8 126.85
50 608.63
60 150.41
80 386.02
230 183.68
Pan 63.4
TOTAL 224.9 grams

IV- Graph
Sieve Analysis Chart

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
10 1 0.1 0.01
V- Calculation
1. Coefficient of Uniformity
D60 1.15
CU = = = 6.39
𝐷10 0.18
2. Coefficient of Graduation
Cc = D302 /D10D60 = 0.242/1.15(0.18) = 0.28

By AASHTO:
% gravel (2 mm) = 69.02%
% sand (0.075 mm) = 14.17%
% silt (0.002 mm) = 3.64%
100 – 69.02% = 30.98% - Gravel
69.02 – 14.17% = 16.81% - Sand
14.17 – 3.64% = 13.17% - Silt
3.64 – 0% = 3.64% - Clay
Discussion
During the experimentation, D10 is found out to be called as effective size. This
effective size can be utilized for many correlations, even for the coefficient of
permeability. The Cu or the coefficient of gradation is a parameter that helps
indicate the range of distribution of grain sizes in a given soil sample. If Cu is a big
value, it implies that the sample is a well graded soil. If Cu is nearly equal to one, it
means that the soil grains are of approximately of equal diameter, and the soil may
be identified as a poorly graded soil. In some instances, a soil may have a
combination of two or more uniformly graded fractions, and this soil is referred to
as gap graded. The grain-size distribution curve for a gap graded soil is also shown
in Fig. 4-5. The parameter Cc is also referred to as the coefficient of curvature. For
sand, if <;; is greater than 6 and Cc is between I and 3, it is considered well graded.
However, for a gravel to be well-graded, Cu should be greater than 4 and Cc must
be between I and 3. The DIS and Dss sizes are used for design of filters. The DSD
size is used for correlation of the liquefaction potential of saturated granular soil
during earthquakes. The experiment, as a result, helped us identify these
parameters. In the laboratory test, results are based on ASSTHO as shown; 30.98%
=Gravel, 69. 16.81% =Sand, 13.17% = Silt, 3.64% = Clay
SIEVE ANALYSIS
(Laboratory Experiment)
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PLATE NO.

The method of sieve analysis described here is applicable for soils

1. Collect a representative oven dry soil sample. Samples having largest

Sieve no. Sieve opening Mass of soil Cumulative Percent finer

8 2.36 126.85 351.75 69.02

50 0.297 608.63 960.38 44.93

60 .250 150.41 1110.79 36.30

80 .180 386.02 1496.81 14.17

230 .063 183.68 1680.49 3.64

Pan 63.4 1743.89 0

Sieve no. Mass of soil retained on

TOTAL 224.9 grams

Sieve Analysis Chart

Cc = D302 /D10D60 = 0.242/1.15(0.18) = 0.28

% gravel (2 mm) = 69.02%

% sand (0.075 mm) = 14.17%

% silt (0.002 mm) = 3.64%

100 – 69.02% = 30.98% - Gravel

69.02 – 14.17% = 16.81% - Sand

14.17 – 3.64% = 13.17% - Silt

3.64 – 0% = 3.64% - Clay

Submitted by: GROUP 1

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