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Oled T: Echnology

OLED technology uses thin films of organic materials that emit light when electric current is applied. Key advantages of OLEDs include thinner/lighter screens, high contrast without backlighting, and flexibility. They have been used in devices since the 1990s but continue advancing, with applications in TVs, phones, and laptops. Challenges include higher costs than LCD and potential issues with lifespan and water damage.

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42 views

Oled T: Echnology

OLED technology uses thin films of organic materials that emit light when electric current is applied. Key advantages of OLEDs include thinner/lighter screens, high contrast without backlighting, and flexibility. They have been used in devices since the 1990s but continue advancing, with applications in TVs, phones, and laptops. Challenges include higher costs than LCD and potential issues with lifespan and water damage.

Uploaded by

g bhargavi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OLED TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION

 Uses organic light emitting diode(OLED).

 Emerging Technology for displays in devices.

 Main principle behind OLED technology is


electroluminescence.

 Offers brighter, thinner, high contrast, flexible


displays.
WHAT IS AN OLED?

 OLEDs are solid state devices composed of thin


films of organic molecules that is100 to 500
nanometres thick.

 They emits light with the application of electricity.

 They doesn’t require any backlight. i.e., they are


self emitting.

 They are made from carbon and hydrogen.


HISTORY

 The first OLED device was developed by Eastman


Kodak in 1987.

 In 1996, pioneer produces the world’s first


commercial PMOLED.

 In 2000, many companies like Motorola, LG etc


developed various displays.

 In 2001, Sony developed world’s largest fullcolor


OLED.
HISTORY (CONTD.)

 In 2002, approximately 3.5 million passive matrix


OLED sub-displays were sold, and over 10 million
were sold in 2003.

 In 2010 and 2011, many companies announced


AMOLED displays.

 Many developments had take place in the year


2012.
FEATURES

 Flexibility.

 Emissive Technology.

 Light weight and thin.

 Low power consumption.

 High contrast, brighter and perfect display from all


angles.
STRUCTURE OF OLED

 Substrate.

 Anode.

 Organic layer.

-Conductive layer (Hole Transport Layer).


made up of polyaniline or metal-phthalocyanine.

-Emissive layer( Electron Transport Layer).

made up of polyfluorene or metal chelates.

 Cathode.
STRUCTURE OF OLED(FIGURE)
OLED FABRICATION

 Substrate preparation.

 Device deposition
 Deposit and pattern anode.

 Pattern organic layers.

 Vacuum deposit and pattern cathode.

 Encapsulation.

 Also involves making backplane.


OLED DEPOSITION

 Organic layers can be applied to the substrate


using the following methods.

- Evaporation and shadow masking.

- Inkjet printing.

- Organic vapor phase deposition.


EVAPORATION AND SHADOW MASKING
INKJET PRINTING
ORGANIC VAPOR PHASE DEPOSITION
COLOUR GENERATION

 Different approaches for fabricating red, green and


blue pixels.

- Red, green and blue individual pixels.

- White emitter and colour filters.

- Blue emitter and colour converters.

- Stacked OLED
COLOUR GENERATION(FIGURE)
WORKING PRINCIPLE
 A voltage is applied across the anode and cathode.
 Current flows from cathode to anode through the
organic layers.
 Electrons flow to emissive layer from the cathode.
 Electrons are removed from conductive layer
leaving holes.
 Holes jump into emissive layer .
 Electron and hole combine and light emitted.
WORKING PRINCIPLE(FIGURE)
OLED DEVICE OPERATION

Transparent Anode Conductive Emissive Cathode


substrate (ITO) layer layer
eˉ eˉ
LUMO
LUMO

Light
HOMO
HOMO
h+ h+
h+
TYPES OF OLED

Six types of OLEDs


 Passive matrix OLED(PMOLED).

 Active matrix OLED(AMOLED).

 Transparent OLED(TOLED).

 Top emitting OLED.

 Flexible OLED(FOLED).

 White OLED(WOLED).
PASSIVE MATRIX OLED
ACTIVE MATRIX OLED
TRANSPARENT OLED
TOP EMITTING OLED
FLEXIBLE OLED
WHITE OLED
OLED ADVANTAGES

 Thinner, lighter and more flexible.

 Do not require backlighting like LCDs.

 Can be made to larger sizes.

 Large fields of view, about 170 degrees.

 Faster response time.

 Brighter.

 High resolution, <5μm pixel size.


OLED DISADVANTAGES

 Expensive.

 Lifespan.

 Water damage.

 Colour balance issues .


OLED VS. LCD
OLED LCD

 Greater view angle.  Limited view angle.


 High contrast.  Low contrast.

 Faster response time.  Slow response time.

 Do not require  Require backlighting.


backlighting.  Temperature(~0°C-
 Temperature(~50°C – 100°C).
80°C).
APPLICATIONS

Major applications of OLED technology are

 OLED TV.

 Mobile phones with OLED screens.

 Rolltop Laptop.
OLED TV
MOBILE PHONES WITH OLED SCREEN
ROLLTOP LAPTOP
CONCLUSION

 Organic Light Emitting Diodes are evolving as the


next generation displays.

 As OLED display technology matures, it will be


better able to improve upon certain existing
limitations of LCD including
 high power consumption

 limited viewing angles

 poor contrast ratios.

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